نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیامنور، تهران، ایران
10.30473/psp.2026.75319.2778
چکیده
دسترسی به خدمات بهداشتی و درمانی از حقوق اولیه و جهان شمول بشر محسوب شده و هرگونه خللی در این زمینه، بهزیستی و رفاه جامعه را به خطر میاندازد. فرض اصلی این بررسی آن است که در اغلب نقاط و بهخصوص در کلانشهرها، چنین امکانی برای اغلب شهروندان فراهم نبوده و همین امر باعث میشود کسانی که به این خدمات دسترسی ندارند، خود را محروم فرض کرده و نسبت به این بیعدالتی واکنش نشان دهند. برای آزمون این فرض، این مطالعه به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی، در شهر مشهد به انجام رسید. دادههای مورد نیاز در قالب محل استقرار مراکز بهداشتی در سطوح مختلف و همچنین تأسیسات و تجهیزات مورد نیاز در آنها گردآوری شد. دادههای مورد اشاره به صورت میدانی جمعآوری و با استفاده از مدل پی مدین(P-median) تجزیه و تحلیل و به کمک نرمافزار سیستمهای اطلاعات جغرافیایی(GIS) به نقشه تبدیل گردید. یافتهها نشان داد که نه تنها مراکز بهداشتی و درمانی به شکل صحیح و دقیقی در سطح شهر مکان یابی نشدهاند، بلکه تجهیزات و تأسیسات اختصاص یافته به این مراکز، به نحوی است که شهروندان ناچارند، با صرف هزینههای مادی و زمانی زیادی، به مراکز مجهزتر مراجعه نمایند. این شرایط نه تنها نارضایتی و واکنش منفی شهروندان را به دنبال دارد، بلکه مشکلات ترافیکی، آلودگی هوا و سایر مسائل زیست محیطی را برای کل شهر زمینهسازی میکند. به همین دلیل، ضرورت دارد که در توزیع فضایی، تجهیزات و نیروی انسانی این مراکز بازنگری اساسی صورت گیرد.
کلیدواژهها
Ahmed, S. J. (2004). Improving access to public health care services- a case study on Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation.
Ajzaeshokohi, M., Bakharzi, S.M., & Alizadeh, M. (2014). Analysis of the spatial distribution of medical centers (clinics) in Region 4 of Mashhad Municipality), 6th Conference on Urban Planning and Management. Ferdowsi University and Mashhad Municipality, Mashhad, 11 November 2014. [In Persian].
Ajzaeshokohi, M., Khakpour, B., & Danaei-Fard, A. (2012). Investigation and analysis of the distribution of pressure in medical centers in Mashhad using GIS. Fourth Conference on Urban Planning and Management, Mashhad, https://civilica.com/doc/164835[In Persian].
Alvandipour, N., & Dadashpour, H. (2018). Meta-research Methods Related to Urban Spatial Justice in Iran in the Period of 2005- 2015. Urban Ecology Researches, 9(18), 69-86. https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.25383930.1397.9.18.5.9. [In Persian].
Amer, S. (2007). Towards Spatial Justice in Urban Health Services Planning: A spatial-analytic GIS-based approach using Dar es Salaam, Tanzania as a case study. Dar es Salaam: International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation.
Banerji, S., & Fisher, H. B. (1974). Hierarchical location analysis for integrated area planning in rural India. Papers Regional Science Association, 33, 177-194.
Bellantuono, L., Bellotti, R., Stefania Bergantino, A., Gardelli, A., Intini, M., Kheirkhahan, N., & Monturano, G. (2025). Analyzing the accessibility of Rome’s healthcare services via public transportation: a complex network approach. Sci Rep. 15: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05060-7.
Cheng, R. W., Chin, T. L., & Huang, C. C. (2007). Optimal selection of location for Taiwanese hospitals to ensure a competitive advantage by using the analytic hierarchy process and sensitivity analysis. Building and Environment, 42(3), 1431-1444.
Daskin, M. S., & Dean, L. K. (2004). A Handbook of OR/MS in Health Care: Health Care Facilities. Northwestern: Northwestern University.
Drezner, T., & Drezner, Z. (2007). The gravity p-median model. European Journal of Operational Research, 179, 1239-1251.
Eaton, D. J., Hector, M. L., Sanchez, U., Ricardo, R. L. & Morgan, J. (1986). Determining ambulance deployment in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Journal of Operational Research Society, 37, 113-126.
Feitosa, F., Hendrik Wolf João, J., & Lourenço Marques, J. (2024). Operationalizing spatial justice in urban planning: bridging theory with practice. Urban Research & Practice, 17(2), 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2024.2341254
Hajinejad, A., Tolabinejad, M., & Sadeghi, K. (2019). Optimal location of rural health and treatment centers using ANP and GIS (case study: Rashtkhwar Rural District, Khorasan Razavi). Human Settlement Planning Studies, 51: 79-100. [In Persian].
Ibrahim, O., & Graham, K. R. (2003). A goal-Programming model applied to the EMS at Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. www.lums.lancs.ac.uk/publications/viewpdf/000177.
Koohi, K. (2023). Sociological explanation of investors' satisfaction with the police. Applied Sociology, 34(89), 1-30. [In Persian].
Lavi, M. (2008). Investigating spatial inequalities in access to public health services and providing strategies for its improvement: A case study of Region 10 of Isfahan Municipality. Master's thesis in Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University. [In Persian].
Luo, W., & Wang, F. (2003). Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment: synthesis and a case study in the Chicago region. Journal of Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 30, 865-884.
Marsousi, N., & Saebi, M.H. (2009). Geographical analysis of the impact of social ecology on the physical development of the city, case study: Mashhad city. Quarterly Journal of Urban Ecology Research, 1(1), 73-93. [In Persian].
Mashhad Municipality (2024). Mashhad Municipality Statistics yearbook.
Mashhad: Mashhad Municipality.
Mashhad: Mashhad Municipality.
Mirkatoli, J. Ariankia, M., & Mirkarimi Aghche, R. (2015). Spatial analysis of urban services with a spatial justice approach, case study: Ilam city. Geographical Planning of Space, 15(1), 1-19. [In Persian].
Moradi, H. (2007). Location of health centers in Isfahan city. Master's thesis in Industrial Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology. [In Persian].
Pilerudi, C. (2006). Shahrestan Health and Treatment Network. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF: Razavieh Publications. [In Persian].
Planning and Budget Organization (2000). Inpatient and Specialized Medical Services System of the Country. Tehran: Planning and Budget Organization. [In Persian].
Qosiri, K., Ghanadpour, S. F., & Askari Tehrani, M. (2006). Location of emergency centers in urban transportation network using genetic algorithm. Fifth International Conference on Industrial Engineering. [In Persian].
Robbins, A. (1980). Fundamentals of Organizational Behavior, translated by Qasim Kabiri. Tehran: Islamic Azad University Publishing Center. [In Persian].
Saberifar, R. (2019). Study of the geographical distribution of coronavirus patients in Mashhad city based on the re-hunting method and the application of geographic information systems. Health-oriented Research, 6(1), 25-38. [In Persian].
Saberifar, R. (2021). Investigating the effect of deprivation on social well-being in inefficient urban contexts (case study of Mashhad city). Urban Sociological Studies, 11(38), 1-26. [In Persian].
Saberifar, R. (2023). Factors related to the selection of survival strategies by the urban poor among residents of inefficient urban areas of Torbat-e-Jam city. Social Welfare, 23(89), 129-163. [In Persian].
Sadeghipour, S. (2025). Investigating the status of access to medical infrastructure and satisfaction of social security insured persons in Mashhad city. Thesis for the Degree of M.A. In Sociology, University of Payam e Noor University.
Shams-ur Rahman, SDK. (2000). Invited Review Use of location allocation models in health service development planning in developing nations. European Journal of Operational Research, 123, 437-452.
Sharifzadegan, M. H., Mamdohi, A., & Lavan, M. (2010). Spatial inequality in access to public health services for urban health development through the p-median model in Isfahan city. Social Welfare Scientific and Research Quarterly, 10(37), 265-285. [In Persian].
Smith, D. M. (1974). Who gets what where and how: a welfare focus for human geography. Geography, 5, 289-297.
Thiede, M., & Koltermann, K.C. (2013). Access to health services - Analyzing non-financial barriers in Ghana, Rwanda, Bangladesh and Vietnam using household survey data, A review of the literature. New York: UNICEF.
Toregas, C., Swain, R., ReVelle, C., & Bergman, L. (1971). The Location of Emergency Service Facilities. Operations Research, 19(6), 1363-1373.
Toregas, C., Sawain, R., Revelle, C., & Bergman, L. (1971). The location of emergency service facility. Operations Research, 19, 1363-1373.
Wang, F. (2006). Quantitative Methods and Applications in GIS. London: CRC Press.
Wang, F., & Luo, W. (2005). Assessing spatial and nonspatial factors for healthcare access: towards an integrated approach to defining health professional shortage areas. Journal of Health & Place, 11, 131-14.
)