نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
2 استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
10.30473/psp.2025.72203.2735
چکیده
شهرها مکان تجمع جمعیت و افزایش بارگذاری‌های محیطی و اجتماعی هستند. بنابراین، کاهش آسیب‌پذیری در برابر مخاطرات انسانی ضرورت دارد. شهر فقط مجموعه‌ای از ساختمان‌ها نیست، بلکه پدیده‌ای انسانی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و کالبدی است. پژوهش حاضر ازلحاظ هدف به ارزیابی آسیب‌پذیری اجتماعی- فضایی ساختمان‌های تاریخی در بافت تاریخی شهر رشت می‌پردازد و چه عواقبی می‌تواند در فضاهای اطراف بناهای تاریخی داشته باشد. در این پژوهش، برای ارزیابی خطرات انسانی از تکنیک دلفی و روش ICCROM-CCI-RCE استفاده شد. از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و ضریب رگرسیون خطی چندگانه (مدل‌های پیش‌بینی کننده) در جهت بررسی داده‌های خروجی نرمافزار Space Syntax استفاده شد. درنهایت، یافتههای مدل‌های پیش‌بینی کننده، رفتارهای مخرب اجتماعی-فضایی انسان در اطراف ساختمان‌های تاریخی را نمایان کردند. دو عامل جریان حرکت و دسترسی بصری آسیب فضایی استخراج‌شده از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و هفت دسته خطر انسانی زمینه‌ای شناسایی شدند. متغیرهای اتصال بصری، حرکت عابرپیاده، حرکت وسایل نقلیه، عابرپیاده از طریق حرکت در جریان حرکت دارای بارهای عاملی قابل‌توجهی نسبت به دسترسی بصری قرار دارند و در عامل دسترسی بصری متغیرهای وسایل نقلیه از طریق حرکت و مناطق ایزوویستی دارای بارعاملی قابل‌قبولی هستند. نتایج تحقیق به‌وضوح نشان داد که بافت اجتماعی باید به‌طور کامل در کنار بافت فضایی مورد توجه قرارگیرد. تعامل آن‌ها در حین ارزیابی فضاهای آسیب‌پذیر و پیش‌بینی میزان خطرات انسانی- بافتی در محیط‌های تاریخی نادیده گرفته‌شده‌است. بنابراین، مدیران و مسئولان باید به‌طور گسترده زمینه اجتماعی و نحوه استفاده انسان از فضا را بررسی کنند.
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