نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار گروه بازسازی و بازتوانی پس از سانحه، پژوهشکده سوانح طبیعی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
مسکن مهمترین اولویت بازسازی مناطق آسیبدیده از سوانح است و بخش عمده منابع انسانی و مالی بازسازی به آن اختصاص پیدا میکند. بازسازی مسکن مهمترین عامل بازیابی جوامع پس از سوانح است و ضروری است در حداقل زمان ممکن انجام شود. در ایران، بازسازی مسکن پس از سوانح با چالشهای حقوقی متنوعی روبرو است. برخی از این چالشها پرتکرار هستند، در حالی که برخی دیگر با توجه به شرایط زمانی و ویژگیهای سانحه بروز پیدا میکنند. بهمنظور جلوگیری از تکرار اشتباهات گذشته و بهبود فرآیند بازسازی، ضروری است این مسائل احصا شود. برای جمعآوری دادهها از روش مصاحبههای ساختاریافته و نیمهساختاریافته و سندکاوی گزارشها و مستندات موجود استفاده شده است. دادههای گردآوریشده از طریق سندکاوی با تکنیک کدگذاری کیفی (تحلیل تم) دستهبندی و تحلیل شدند. خروجی این کدگذاریها به تفکیک فعالیتها در فرایند بازسازی ارائه شدهاند. چالشهای حقوقی بازسازی مسکن پس از سوانح در کشور را میتوان در دو عرصه بیان کرد: 1- عرصه نهادی-رفتاری و 2- عرصه فضایی. عرصه نهادی-رفتاری شامل چالشهای مرتبط با ساختار تشکیلاتی و مدیریت منابع است. این چالشها ناظر بر کلیه فعالیتهای فرایند بازسازی هستند و ماهیتی بیندستگاهی دارند یا ناشی از نبود قوانین، برنامهها و فرایندهای متناسب با شرایط سانحه هستند. چالشهای حقوقی در عرصه فضایی شامل فعالیتهای اصلی بازسازی مسکن پس از سوانح شامل ارزیابی خسارت، تخریب آواربرداری، اسکان موقت و بازسازی مسکن است. این چالشها درمجموع شامل عدم تدوین برنامه، دستورالعمل و فرایندهای موردنیاز، در دسترس نبودن بانک اطلاعات موردنیاز و نبود قوانین متناسب با شرایط اضطراری ناشی از سانحه هستند
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