Research Paper
bahram imani; alireza ghane
Abstract
Tourism is recognized as a significant source of income and a crucial factor in the development of nations. Ecotourism lodges play a pivotal role in tourism development and sustainable rural development. Therefore, understanding the inhibiting and facilitating factors in the development of these lodges ...
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Tourism is recognized as a significant source of income and a crucial factor in the development of nations. Ecotourism lodges play a pivotal role in tourism development and sustainable rural development. Therefore, understanding the inhibiting and facilitating factors in the development of these lodges is essential. This research aims to identify and explain the inhibiting and facilitating factors in the development of ecotourism lodges from the perspective of experts in the villages of Ardabil Township (specifically, Vakilabad and Sham Asbi villages). This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing a sequential exploratory design conducted in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, the range of variables and key indicators were identified through a scoping review. Subsequently, in the quantitative phase, a survey method using questionnaires was administered to a sample of 100 professionals, experts in ecotourism lodges, and local managers from the selected villages. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded a value of 0.937, indicating an acceptable level of reliability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS3 software was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that economic factors (effect coefficient 0.817) and socio-cultural factors (effect coefficient 0.802) were significant inhibiting factors, while socio-cultural factors (effect coefficient 0.904) and economic factors (effect coefficient 0.816) were significant facilitating factors for the development of ecotourism lodges in the studied areas.
Research Paper
Farnaz Ghazi; Hossein Zabihi; Hamid Majedi
Abstract
The physical components of a city, as the backbone of urban systems, play a significant role in absorbing the initial shocks resulting from disasters. Therefore, enhancing the capacity of the city's physical structure to cope with hazards and disasters, in order to maintain the functionality of its components, ...
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The physical components of a city, as the backbone of urban systems, play a significant role in absorbing the initial shocks resulting from disasters. Therefore, enhancing the capacity of the city's physical structure to cope with hazards and disasters, in order to maintain the functionality of its components, seems essential. In this regard, the present study aims to elucidate the components and indicators of physical resilience by using a systematic review of the literature in 5 stages (definition, search, selection, analysis, and synthesis). In the first step, by defining the concepts of resilience, key terms were extracted. In the second step, resources related to the research were searched in international and national databases in the period from September 2022 to February 2023. The initial search led to the identification of 315 resources, of which 53 resources were consistent with the research topic. In the third step, 41 resources were selected for final analysis in the period 2008-2023. In the fourth step, the findings were analyzed, and as a result, three components of network geometry with 39 indicators, wall geometry with 33 indicators, and land formation with 3 indicators were identified. Finally, the synthesis results in the fifth step showed that each of the mentioned components accounts for 52%, 44%, and 4% of the total indicators, respectively.
Research Paper
Seyed Amirhossein Garakani; Mahsa Bashiri
Abstract
Housing is the foremost priority in the reconstruction of disaster-affected areas, consuming a significant portion of human and financial resources. Housing reconstruction is pivotal in the recovery of post-disaster communities and must be expedited. In Iran, post-disaster housing reconstruction faces ...
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Housing is the foremost priority in the reconstruction of disaster-affected areas, consuming a significant portion of human and financial resources. Housing reconstruction is pivotal in the recovery of post-disaster communities and must be expedited. In Iran, post-disaster housing reconstruction faces diverse legal challenges, some recurring and others contingent on the temporal and event-specific conditions. To prevent the recurrence of past errors and enhance reconstruction processes, these issues must be identified and analyzed. Data collection involved structured and semi-structured interviews, along with document analysis of existing reports and records. Data from document analysis were categorized and analyzed using qualitative coding (thematic analysis). The coding outputs are presented, delineating activities within the reconstruction process. Legal challenges in post-disaster housing reconstruction in Iran can be categorized into two primary domains: 1) institutional-behavioral and 2) spatial. The institutional-behavioral domain encompasses challenges related to organizational structures and resource management. These challenges, which affect all reconstruction activities, are inter-institutional or stem from the absence of appropriate laws, plans, and processes tailored to disaster conditions. The spatial domain includes legal challenges in core post-disaster housing reconstruction activities, such as damage assessment, demolition and debris removal, temporary housing, and housing reconstruction. These challenges generally arise from the lack of necessary plans, guidelines, and processes, the inaccessibility of required databases, and the absence of laws suited to post-disaster emergency conditions
Research Paper
mehrdad mehrjou; Mehrnaz Molavi
Abstract
Cities, as places of population concentration and increased environmental and social loads, need to reduce vulnerability to human-induced hazards. A city is not merely a collection of buildings, but a human, social, cultural, economic, and physical phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the socio-spatial ...
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Cities, as places of population concentration and increased environmental and social loads, need to reduce vulnerability to human-induced hazards. A city is not merely a collection of buildings, but a human, social, cultural, economic, and physical phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the socio-spatial vulnerability of historical buildings in the historical fabric of Rasht and examines the potential consequences in the spaces surrounding these buildings. To assess human hazards, the Delphi technique and the ICCROM-CCI-RCE method were used. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression (predictive models) were employed to analyze the output data from Space Syntax software. Ultimately, the findings of the predictive models revealed destructive socio-spatial human behaviors around historical buildings. Two factors, movement flow and visual access, were identified as spatial vulnerability factors extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and seven categories of contextual human hazards were identified. Variables such as visual connectivity, pedestrian movement, vehicle movement, and pedestrian movement within the movement flow have significant factor loadings compared to visual access. In the visual access factor, variables such as vehicle movement and Isovist areas have acceptable factor loadings. The research results clearly showed that the social fabric must be fully considered alongside the spatial fabric. Their interaction is often overlooked during the assessment of vulnerable spaces and the prediction of human-fabric hazards in historical environments. Therefore, managers and officials must comprehensively examine the social context and how humans use space
Research Paper
amin farsi; Khadijeh Buzarjomehri; hamdolah sojasi qedari
Abstract
Good governance is a novel approach to development that emerged in response to the inefficiency of previous mechanisms, promoted by developed countries and international institutions. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by rural managers in achieving good governance in Tabadkan District, ...
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Good governance is a novel approach to development that emerged in response to the inefficiency of previous mechanisms, promoted by developed countries and international institutions. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by rural managers in achieving good governance in Tabadkan District, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology using both documentary and field data. The statistical population of this research comprises villages with village councils (Dehyaris) in Tabadkan District, Mashhad County. The sample size was calculated as 304 households, using Cochran's formula with a 0.06 error level. Data analysis was conducted using one-sample t-tests, linear regression, and Friedman tests. The results indicate that the average of all good governance variables in the studied villages is above 3, demonstrating a favorable situation. However, the environmental variable, with an average of 3.28, presents the most significant challenge, while the economic variable, with an average of 2.92, poses the least challenge for rural managers. Friedman test results confirmed the significant impact of all obstacle indices (with a significance level of less than 0.05) on achieving good governance. Based on the average ranks, the "neglect of village road networks" index (average rank 12.23) was identified as the most critical obstacle, and the "non-payment of village council insurance" index (average rank 5.25) as the least critical obstacle from the respondents' perspective. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that public participation significantly influences the reduction of obstacles and challenges faced by rural managers
Research Paper
MahmoUd Falsolayman; Mohammad Hajipour; Maryam Ahani
Abstract
Concurrently with global developments and the rise of rural tourism, in Iran, particularly in rural areas surrounding major cities, second homes or vacation homes have emerged over the past few decades with the aim of spending leisure time, gradually encompassing mid-sized and smaller cities as well. ...
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Concurrently with global developments and the rise of rural tourism, in Iran, particularly in rural areas surrounding major cities, second homes or vacation homes have emerged over the past few decades with the aim of spending leisure time, gradually encompassing mid-sized and smaller cities as well. Urban problems such as traffic, various types of pollution, housing conditions, and the desire to invest in real estate have led to urban dwellers' inclination towards rural settlements and the expansion of second homes. The aim of this research is to investigate the damages and consequences of the expansion of second homes in the peri-urban villages of Birjand. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. To assess the damages caused by the creation and expansion of second homes in the study area, 303 questionnaires were completed in 25 peri-urban villages of Birjand and analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The findings indicate that the expansion of second homes and the presence of non-local owners have gradually had negative effects and consequences on the village environment, affecting environmental, physical, social, and economic indicators in the villages. The research results show that the growth rate of second homes in the studied villages has been increasing in the last decade. The most observed damage in the peri-urban villages of Birjand is in the economic dimension, with social-cultural, environmental, and physical dimensions following in subsequent priorities.
Research Paper
Elmira Rafizadeh Malakshah; Zahra Sadat Saeideh Zarabadi; Esmaeil Shieh
Abstract
By reviewing the theoretical literature on urban landscape design, aesthetics was identified as one of the most influential factors in achieving desirable urban landscapes. The aesthetic experience in the everyday urban landscape is a process that requires judgment, evaluation, and mutual interaction ...
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By reviewing the theoretical literature on urban landscape design, aesthetics was identified as one of the most influential factors in achieving desirable urban landscapes. The aesthetic experience in the everyday urban landscape is a process that requires judgment, evaluation, and mutual interaction between citizens and their environment. Therefore, attention to citizens' opinions is essential. The aim of this research is to develop a model of the components affecting the design of the everyday urban landscape, emphasizing aesthetics from the perspective of citizens' experiences as the primary users of their living environment. To achieve this goal, using a pragmatist approach, qualitative data were initially collected through a grounded theory method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 9 experts and 41 citizens of Babol until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software, and based on the grounded theory paradigm, a qualitative model of urban landscape design variables, emphasizing citizens' aesthetic experiences, was developed. Subsequently, to examine the practical application of the model, a quantitative evaluation was conducted. Quantitative data were analyzed using the generalized partial least squares method and SmartPLS software, with a sample of 384 citizens of Babol completing questionnaires. The results showed a significant relationship between the qualitative model and its quantitative validation. A P-value of zero in the relationships between variables confirms the model's significance.
Research Paper
Asadollah heidari; vahid ghanbari torkamani
Abstract
Today, structural barriers in rural settlements are considered a fundamental challenge in rural development. These barriers impact the capabilities and limitations of the settlement system, and their identification is crucial for achieving systematic and sustainable development of rural-urban settlements. ...
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Today, structural barriers in rural settlements are considered a fundamental challenge in rural development. These barriers impact the capabilities and limitations of the settlement system, and their identification is crucial for achieving systematic and sustainable development of rural-urban settlements. This research aims to analyze development barriers and rural instability in various dimensions, determine the contribution of key influencing factors, and identify effective components in this process, using a structural-functional dynamism approach. In terms of purpose, this research is applied, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical based on documentary and field methods. The statistical population of the research includes 43 indicators in 6 components and the study of 168 selected samples at the level of urban and rural settlements of Turkmanchay. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, factor analysis, and regression. The results showed that in prioritizing development barriers, the social and economic components ranked first and second with average ranks of 5.06 and 5.01, respectively, and the highest factor loading in the development of the township is achieved through these two factors. Also, among the effective indicators in the major migration component, the occurrence of continuous droughts with 69% had the highest impact and was ranked first. The local capabilities and capacities indicator in the development component played the primary role and indicates a definitive and central impact on development.
