Pathology of the Expansion of Second Homes in Peri-Urban Villages of Birjand

Falsolayman, MahmoUd; Hajipour, Mohammad; Ahani, Maryam

doi:10.30473/psp.2025.72354.2736

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Geography, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

³ M.Sc. of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

10.30473/psp.2025.72354.2736

Abstract

Concurrently with global developments and the rise of rural tourism, in Iran, particularly in rural areas surrounding major cities, second homes or vacation homes have emerged over the past few decades with the aim of spending leisure time, gradually encompassing mid-sized and smaller cities as well. Urban problems such as traffic, various types of pollution, housing conditions, and the desire to invest in real estate have led to urban dwellers' inclination towards rural settlements and the expansion of second homes. The aim of this research is to investigate the damages and consequences of the expansion of second homes in the peri-urban villages of Birjand. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. To assess the damages caused by the creation and expansion of second homes in the study area, 303 questionnaires were completed in 25 peri-urban villages of Birjand and analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The findings indicate that the expansion of second homes and the presence of non-local owners have gradually had negative effects and consequences on the village environment, affecting environmental, physical, social, and economic indicators in the villages. The research results show that the growth rate of second homes in the studied villages has been increasing in the last decade. The most observed damage in the peri-urban villages of Birjand is in the economic dimension, with social-cultural, environmental, and physical dimensions following in subsequent priorities.

Keywords

References

Aldskogius, H. (1993). Recreation, cultural life and tourism. National Atlas of Sweden. Stockholm: SNAG.

Ali Pour, H., Barari, M., & Nobakht Sobhani, A. (2019). Reflection of the expansion of second homes in peri-urban areas of Mazandaran Province. Development of Peri-Urban Spaces, 1(2), 47-58. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26764164.1398.1.2.4.6 (In Persian)

Ali Pour, K., & Mohammad Zaheri. (2017). The establishment of second homes and its impact on the sustainability and unsustainability of rural settlements: A case study of Shemiran (Roodbar Qasran district). Geography of the Land, 14(3), 1-15. https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/sarzamin/Article/822839/FullText (In Persian)

Alipour, H., Olya, H. G., Hassanzadeh, B., & Rezapouraghdam, H. (2017). Second home tourism impact and governance: Evidence from the Caspian Sea region of Iran. Ocean & Coastal Management, 136, 165-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.12.006

Apostolopoulos, Y., & Gayle, D. J. (2007). Island tourism and sustainable development: Caribbean, Pacific, and Mediterranean experiences.

arjavaara, R. (2008). Second home tourism: The root to displacement in Sweden? (Doctoral dissertation). Umeå University, Umeå. GERUM 2008:1.

Ashtari Mehrjardi, A., Mirzaei, H., Firouzabadi, S. A., & Eimani Jajarmi, H. (2016). A sociological study of second homes in Iran and their consequences (Case study: Farahan County). Welfare Planning and Social Development, 7(28), 47-75. https://doi.org/10.22054/qjsd.2017.7140 (In Persian)

Bagheri, A., Zarei, A. A., Bahadori Far, M., & Kafshgar, M. (2014). Pathology of tourism industry development in rural areas of Iran. National Conference on Tourism, National Assets, and Future Outlook. Isfahan. (In Persian)

Barendregt, A., & Smit, L. (2001). Tweede woning: Genieten, onthaasten of gewoon op vakantie [Second homes: To enjoy, to relax, or just to have a holiday]. Master’s Thesis, Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Barnett, J. (2014). Host community perceptions of the contributions of second homes. Annals of Leisure Research, 17(1), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2014.886156

Birda, J., Osti, L., & Santifaller, E. (2011). Second homes and the need for policy planning. TOURISMOS: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism, 6(1), 141–163. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20113112489

Crawley, A. (2000). Oxford elementary learners dictionary. Oxford University Press.

Darooh, M. (1995). Human Geography (Translated by Siroos Sahami). Mashhad: Rayzan Publications. (In Persian)

Davarkhani, F., & Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh Larijani. (2013). Evaluation of economic and social consequences of second home tourism (Case study: Summer villages in the eastern Babol County). Human Geography Research, 45(4), 75-102. https://doi.org/10.22059/jhgr.2013.36137 (In Persian)

Davies, R. B., & O'Farrell, P. N. (1981). Spatial and temporal analysis of second home ownership in West Wales. Geoforum, 12(2), 161-178.

Dijst, M., Lanzendorf, M., Barendregt, A., & Smit, L. (2010). Second homes in Germany and the Netherlands: Discourses. Journal of Rural Studies, 26, 194–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2009.10.001

Dykes, S., & Walmsley, A. (2015). The reluctant tourist? An exploration of second home owners’ perceptions of their impacts on North Cornwall, UK. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 6, 95–116. https://pureportal.coventry.ac.uk/en/publications/the-reluctant-tourist-an-exploration-of-second-home-owners-percep

Enabestani, A. A. (2009). Investigating the physical impacts of second homes on the development of rural settlements: A case study of summer villages in Mashhad. Village and Development, 12(4), 149-166. https://rvt.agri-peri.ac.ir/article_59222.html (In Persian)

Fazel Nia, G., & Elham Afshar Imran. (2013). Analyzing the impact of social demand on land use in villages of Tonekabon County. Geography and Development, 33, 27-38. https://doi.org/10.22111/gdij.2013.1320 (In Persian)

Gallent, N. (2015). Bridging social capital and the resource potential of second homes: The case of Stintino, Sardinia. Journal of Rural Studies, 38, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2015.02.001

Gallent, N., & Tewdwr-Jones, M. (2020). Rural second homes in Europe: Examining housing supply and planning control. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003037543

Ghorbanpour, M., Kheyr al-Din, R., & Seyed Abdolhadi Daneshpour. (2024). Studies on second homes in Iran: A systematic review of the structural and content status of scientific-research articles and providing future research pathways. Rural Research, 15(1), 72-93. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2023.363197.1860 (In Persian)

Gilg, A. (1989). An introduction to rural geography. London: Edward Arnold.

Hajimirrahimi, S. D., Esfahani, E., Van Acker, V., & Witlox, F. (2017). Rural second homes and their impacts on rural development: A case study in East Iran. Sustainability, 9(4), 531. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9040531

Hall, C. M., & Muller, D. K. (2004). Introduction: Second home, curse or blessing? In C. M. Hall & D. K. Muller (Eds.), Tourism, mobility and second homes: Between elite landscapes and common ground (pp. 1-20). Clevedon: Channel View.

Hatami Nejad, H., Biranvand, M., & Ahmad Hatami. (2019). Evaluation and analysis of the effects of second homes on rural areas (Case study: Qaleh Haj Abdollah village). Application of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing in Planning, 10(1), 19-40. http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1587555388-10207-98-1-2.pdf (In Persian)

Inskeep, E. (1991). Tourism planning: An integrated and sustainable development approach. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Izadi, H., & Solhjoo, M. (2018). Investigating the causes and consequences of the formation of second homes in suburbs of metropolises: Case study of Mashhad. Regional Planning, 8(31), 129-152. DOR: 20.1001.1.22516735.1397.8.31.10.2

Jeong, J. S., García-Moruno, L., Hernández-Blanco, J., & Jaraíz-Cabanillas, F. J. (2014). An operational method to support siting decisions for sustainable rural second home planning in ecotourism sites. Land Use Policy, 41, 550-560. DOI:10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.04.012

Johnston, R. J. (1988). Dictionary of human geography (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.

Karimian, H., & Leila Tofighi. (2017). Tourism and rural development: A sociological analysis of second homes in the rural development of Lavasanat. Sociological Research, 11(1), 181-214. https://ensani.ir/file/download/article/1632132929-10457-1400-43.pdf (In Persian)

Kondo, M. C., Rivera, R., & Rullman, S. (2012). Protecting the idyll but not the environment: Second homes, amenity migration, and rural exclusion in Washington State. Landscape and Urban Planning, 106(2), 174-182. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.03.003

Mahdavi Haji Luyi, M., Ghadiri Masoum, M., & Sanayi, M. (2008). The role and impact of second homes on the economic and social structure of the Kelardasht region. Human Geography Research, 40(65), 19-31. https://jhgr.ut.ac.ir/article_19798.html (In Persian)

Mahdipoor, M., Amari, T., & Ramadan Isapour. (2022). Pathology of second homes in rural areas of Lahijan County in the last two decades. Geography and Environmental Studies, 11(41), 69-80. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20087845.1401.11.41.4.1 (In Persian)

Mohammadi, M. (2021). Investigating the tourism causes of urban second homes during the outbreak of COVID-19. Urban Tourism, 8(3), 63-78. (In Persian) http://doi.org/10.22059/JUT.2021.319329.888

Pecion, M. (1985). Rural geography. Harper & Row Publishers.

Rezvani, M. R. (2003). Analysis of the process of creating and expanding second homes in rural areas: Case study of rural areas in the north of Tehran province. Geographical Research Quarterly, 35(2), 59-73. (In Persian)

Rezvani, M. R. (2003). Analysis of the trend of second home creation and expansion in rural areas (Case study: Rural areas of northern Tehran province). Geographical Research, 35(45), 59-73. https://www.magiran.com/p508247 (In Persian)

Rinne, J., Paloniemi, R., Tuulentie, S., & Kietäväinen, A. (2015). Participation of second-home users in local planning and decision-making: A study of three cottage-rich locations in Finland. Journal of Policy
Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events, 7, 98–114. DOI: 10.1080/19407963.2014.909818

Roca, M. N., Roca, Z., & Oliveira, J. A. (2011). Features and impacts of second homes expansion: The case of the Oeste region, Portugal. Original Scientific Paper, 2, 111-128. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/HGG.2011.73.02.08

Ronnie, D., van Laar, S., Zoomers, A., & Cottyn, I. (2014). ‘Living apart together’ in Franschhoek, South Africa: The implications of second-home development for equitable and sustainable development. Oxon: Routledge.

Rye, J. F. (2011). Conflicts and contestations: Rural populations’ perspectives on the second homes phenomenon. Journal of Rural Studies, 27, 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2011.03.005

Salehin Nasab, Z. (2005). Second home tourism and its impacts on rural areas. Master's thesis, Department of Geography, University of Tehran. (In Persian)

Seyedai, S. S., Khosravi Nejad, M., & Kiani, S. (2010). The impact of second homes on the development of the Bagh Bahadoran region in Lenjan County. Urban and Regional Studies and Research, 1(4), 19-36. https://sid.ir/paper/153081/fa (In Persian)

Smith, V. L. (1992). Tourism alternatives: Potentials and problems in the development of tourism. University of Pennsylvania Press.

Vepsalainen, M., & Pitkanen, K. (2010). Second home countryside: Representations of the rural in Finnish popular discourses. Journal of Rural Studies, 26, 194–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.01.002

Wang, X. (2006). The second homes phenomenon in Haikou, China. (Master’s thesis). University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

Physical Social Planning

Pathology of the Expansion of Second Homes in Peri-Urban Villages of Birjand

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
December 2024
Pages 91-108

Pathology of the Expansion of Second Homes in Peri-Urban Villages of Birjand

References

References

Volume 11, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3December 2024Pages 91-108

Volume 11, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
December 2024
Pages 91-108