Research Paper
hasan Afrakhteh; Farhad Azizpour; Mohammad RA\amazan Jornbyan
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, Pages 9-24
Abstract
Cities and villages are considered as two main components of geographical foundation of any area which have special relations based on their socio-economic and spatial characteristics. Rural-urban linkages are the results of interactions between rural settlements and urban centers of a region. These ...
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Cities and villages are considered as two main components of geographical foundation of any area which have special relations based on their socio-economic and spatial characteristics. Rural-urban linkages are the results of interactions between rural settlements and urban centers of a region. These linkages are created due to the different flows of people, goods, information, technology, and innovation between urban and rural areas which in turn create many socio-economic and cultural changes in rural environments. The aim of the present study is to identify the internal and external spatial flows of rural settlements and their role and effects on the formation and expansion of the rural sprawl processes. The study area is Solaiman Abad located in rural division (Dehestan) of Golijan in Tonekabon County. Required data were collected through documentary and the field study by completing questionnaire and doing interview with rural household heads, rural council members, and rural managers. For data analysis, some software and methods are applied including: GIS, SPSS, descriptive statistics and statistical test (linear regression). The results show that two dominant spatial flows in the study area are population flows and capital flows which cause the spatial-physical changes of the region. Some factors such as unplanned expansion of cities, changes occurred in settlement textures, expansion of industrial and service units and increasing housing construction have caused the rural sprawl and have led to destroying fertile agricultural lands of the region.
Research Paper
masood Taghvaei; Hossein Kiumarsi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, Pages 25-36
Abstract
Rapid expansion of cities in developing countries has had a number of spatial-physical consequences including imbalance distribution of service-related land-use in cities, especially metropolitan areas. Shiraz as a metropolitan in Iran is no exception. Intensive concentration of service-related land-use ...
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Rapid expansion of cities in developing countries has had a number of spatial-physical consequences including imbalance distribution of service-related land-use in cities, especially metropolitan areas. Shiraz as a metropolitan in Iran is no exception. Intensive concentration of service-related land-use in few areas of the city has led to deprivation of the rest parts of the city to enjoy urban facilities and services. Urban parks distribution is an example of the mentioned situation. Public parks regardless of their function to clean the environment have an important role in citizen’s health conditions. Assessing the spatial distribution of local and regional parks of Shiraz indicates that there is a high concentration of such features in central area of the city and its nearby lots. Accessibility to such parks is not easy for most residents and the influence areas of the parks are intersected in most cases. The present study was aimed to show the optimal site locations for public parks in Shiraz. Therefore, first effective criteria for urban park locations were defined based on current land-use map of the city, and then using Hierarchical Analysis Process method, the criteria and sub-criteria were weighted. Finally, based on network analysis and defining influence area methods, 14 local parks and 3 regional parks were proposed in suitable locations.
Research Paper
Esmaiel Aliakbari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, Pages 37-54
Abstract
The spatial structure of urban settlement system is affected by two groups of factors, namely physical and non- physical ones. The impact of physical factors on creation of urban systems was very impressive in the past. However, nowadays the main role is played by non- physical factors. Some of these ...
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The spatial structure of urban settlement system is affected by two groups of factors, namely physical and non- physical ones. The impact of physical factors on creation of urban systems was very impressive in the past. However, nowadays the main role is played by non- physical factors. Some of these factors are regional development plans which their impacts on urban system formations are important either in small or large scales of evaluation. Province of Kermanshah and its capital city also called Kermanshah is a remarkable example at Mid- Zagros region as the pole of regional growth during the last five decades. The region has been a target for a wide range of decisions, actions, and policies of regional development in west of Iran. The urban system of Kermanshah province with its imbalance size distribution is an example of the most imbalance and non- sustaining urban systems around the country. Having about one million populations, Kermanshah city is a dominant and concentrated urban pole for the whole province as well as the region. At the same time, the second largest city of the province has a population less than 100,000 or one- tenth of Kermanshah city population. More interestingly is the smallest city, Somar with only 20 residents. The existing gap of size distribution of cities with its Primate City Index which is 0.81 not only in regional scale but also in national scale is very high abnormal. What is considered in the present paper is the role of regional plans in centralization of urban system which results in imbalance spatial structure of urban settlement’s systems. The paper also shows the pivotal function of city-oriented or urban centralization covert in classic views of regional development and regional planning especially the intensive tendency of such views towards the higher levels and head of urban network. It reveals one of the main basic reasons of rapid urban expansion, also polarization of urban system, divergence of settlement system and its harmful consequences on spatial system of the country and its regions with a provisional approach.
Research Paper
Shahbakhti Rostami
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, Pages 55-64
Abstract
During the last couple of decades, some factors such as population growth, need for higher levels of employment, limitations of agriculture sector and search for new activities have necessitated establishing and expanding industrial activities in Iran. An industrial estate, as one of the most suitable ...
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During the last couple of decades, some factors such as population growth, need for higher levels of employment, limitations of agriculture sector and search for new activities have necessitated establishing and expanding industrial activities in Iran. An industrial estate, as one of the most suitable ways of optimal application of geographic space, is a place for the concentration of productive and industrial units. Good decisions about expanding and managing these estates require reliable spatial data. Therefore, to have a proper management and to obtain the organizational objectives of industrial estates in Iran, there is a need to create reliable databases containing spatial data. Implementation of modern information systems such as GIS to storing, analyzing, displaying and updating spatial data related to industrial estates of Iran is an advantage and any delay to apply this technology can lead to increase the executive and managerial costs. Kermanshah is one of 31 provinces of Iran located in west of the country and does have several industrial estates. It seems that establishing an information system based on GIS is a necessity for each. This paper, first introduces the industrial estate of Faraman in Kermanshah city which contains 160 productive and industrial units. Then how a geographic information system is designed and applied to this estate is discussed in details. The methodology of this study comprises: 1- collecting all required spatial data, 2- conducting focus groups include managers and knowledgeable individuals, 3- digitizing required maps, 4- providing a comprehensive list of all possible data and transferring them into a Geo_Database, 5- entering data into computer and 6- linking spatial and aspatial data. Although the final investigation about success of geographic information system for the industrial estate of Faraman has not yet reached enough time, the introductory surveys among managers and executive personnel of the estate indicate a new and better situation of managing the estate when they use GIS. The success of this experience can be shared with other industrial estates of Kermanshah province and even other estates in elsewhere of Iran.
Research Paper
houshmand Ataei; Sadat Hashemi nasab
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, Pages 65-80
Abstract
The study of atmospheric and climatic conditions as effective factors on human’s life, comfort and health has resulted in a new scientific branch called human bioclimeteorology or human biometeorology which deals with effects of climatic and atmospheric condition on people. So today, it is important ...
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The study of atmospheric and climatic conditions as effective factors on human’s life, comfort and health has resulted in a new scientific branch called human bioclimeteorology or human biometeorology which deals with effects of climatic and atmospheric condition on people. So today, it is important to study and identify climatic limitations and threatening hazards and being informed of covert attractions and potentials in geographical properties in Yazd Province during different months due to profitability in different urban and provincial plans. So regionalization and potential evaluation of human bioclimatic with climatic factors in different courses and sites can lead us to achieve comfortable environment that results in pleasant or fairly pleasant human’s livelihood and biological activities.
The 19-years data (1991-2009) of 5 synoptic stations and 6 climatologic stations and average of maximum and minimum temperature in Fahrenheit, average of maximum and minimum relative humidity in percentage, average of sunshine hours (real and possible) , and average of wind speed in m/s, for chronological and locality analysis and to provide map of human bioclimatic regions of Yazd Province are applied based on Terjung index. Following analysis of factor and computing comfort and wind-child coefficient of regions were determined using Autocad map software based on altitudinal gradient and the output was transmitted to Arcmap and finally it was turned into map.
In results, there were two warm and cold climatic seasons and also two transition seasons in Yazd Province. During each of these seasons the number of Bioclimatic types of the province would change due to the rule of macro-climatic phenomena on the country’s atmosphere. In this Bioclimatic calendar warm and cold seasons are those in which the climax of temperature properties (increasing or decreasing) will be observed. While transition season is called to the period in which a season is altering to another season. Not only the transition season is not belong to warm or cold seasons but also it possesses pleasant and in some regions, relatively pleasant conditions.
Research Paper
Farhad Azizpour
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, Pages 81-90
Abstract
The Rural Conducting Plan (RCP) has provided an arena for physical order in villages including prohibiting illegal constructions, defining needs, designating land-use for public services, and planning for the future physical expansions, however it has ca used some negative consequences for villages and ...
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The Rural Conducting Plan (RCP) has provided an arena for physical order in villages including prohibiting illegal constructions, defining needs, designating land-use for public services, and planning for the future physical expansions, however it has ca used some negative consequences for villages and villagers such as weakening the physical texture integration and weak attention to rural resident’s participation. There exist several factors relating to the failure of Rural Conducting Plans to organize the rural systems among them the impact of theoretical approach towards the plan is more important. The said approach is a comprehensive planning strategy based on function-oriented theory. The present paper has a theoretical-fundamental character that applies a descriptive-analytical method. Required data are collected using a documentary method to find and to explain the basic reason (s) of the weak effectiveness of the RCPs. Findings of the present study show that revising and rethinking of the dominant conceptual system of the RCP is a necessity. It is evident that some conceptual theories and strategies are not matched with resolving complicated and ongoing needs of human societies. The paper concludes that a structural-functional strategy that has already been adopted to explain the problems of rural societies can provide an actual spatial planning base for different scales of settlement systems especially rural settlements.
