Abbass Saeedi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 11-20
Abstract
Sustainable rural development is a process that will facilitate and encourage the promotion of rural life through acceptable activities in harmony with the environment. Thus, rural sustainable development includes various aspects, but preparation of sufficient structures in 4 backgrounds could facilitate ...
Read More
Sustainable rural development is a process that will facilitate and encourage the promotion of rural life through acceptable activities in harmony with the environment. Thus, rural sustainable development includes various aspects, but preparation of sufficient structures in 4 backgrounds could facilitate the course; these are: physical-ecologic, social-cultural, political-economic, and spatial. Spatial integration, in the context of a systemic approach, considers the rural settlements as open systems in various scales, namely spot, local, area, regional, and national levels.Thus, each rural settlement is in a dynamic process, not only in terms of interactions between different inner components and forces, but also interacts with other settlement similar systems (settlements, both rural and urban). In the meantime, it is of decisive significance manifests in features and capabilities of the system to establish an interactive relationship with policies, planning and sufficient funds. On the other hand, with regard to new approaches in applied geography and the role of communities in producing different spaces, many of the goals of spatial planning and sustainability aspects are considered coherent. This article tries to show, any sustainability in the process of rural development requires an integrated approach based on terms of structural-functional dynamics in the context of spatial paradigm.
ahmad porahmad; Alireza Garousi; Abolfazl Noori
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 21-33
Abstract
Nowadays, housing is considered not only as a shelter but also as a symbol of identity, security and a capital source by residents of cities. Some factors such as; lack of sufficient resources, weak economic management, lack of a comprehensive housing planning, and other existing flaws of economic infrastructure ...
Read More
Nowadays, housing is considered not only as a shelter but also as a symbol of identity, security and a capital source by residents of cities. Some factors such as; lack of sufficient resources, weak economic management, lack of a comprehensive housing planning, and other existing flaws of economic infrastructure along with population growth have converted the housing issues into a complicated and multi-dimensional problem in developing countries. To achieve a desirable planning system for housing, there is a need to review and analysis all existing aspects of housing and its related facilities. Identifying the existing indicators of housing and matching them with a housing indicator of a healthy city is an important step towards a favorable urban development. The present study is an applied research which uses a descriptive-analytical method to analysis the data. Required data were obtained from 2011 census and Statistical Center of Iran. The main question that the research tries to answer is: How is the present status of qualitative and quantitative indicators of housing in NazarAbad County? Then, we have tried to compare these indicators with Alborz Province, with national overage and with housing indicators of a healthy city. As a result, evaluating the qualitative and quantitative indicators of housing in NazarAbad shows that the county totally has an acceptable and positive situation against housing indicators of province, national and a healthy city.
MohammadReza Rezvani; Yaghob Esfaram; Sayed Reza Hosseini Kahnouj
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 34-49
Abstract
Housing, as a basic need as well as a symbol of human being function is considered as a geographical phenomenon which plays an important role in development of human societies. The main aim of the present study is measuring and spatial analysis of housing development indicators in rural Western Azarbaijan ...
Read More
Housing, as a basic need as well as a symbol of human being function is considered as a geographical phenomenon which plays an important role in development of human societies. The main aim of the present study is measuring and spatial analysis of housing development indicators in rural Western Azarbaijan Province, Iran. The present study is an applied research which methodologically is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods. To get the target, 36 indicators were considered. The indicators are grouped into four categories namely: infrastructure and welfare, strength and structure, sanitary, and facilities. Data collection was based on documentary method. Expert’s opinions are used for selecting the indicators and weighting them. For data analysis and ranking the indicators three models of multi-criteria decision making are applied: TOPSIS, VIKOR and Human Development Index (HDI). To gain a vigorous result, an integrating technique including Mean of weights, Borda and Kaplan methods was applied. Findings of the study indicate that villages of two counties namely: Makou and Chaldoran, according to all models are enjoying the highest level of development. In contrast, villages of Naghadeh and MiandoAb are at the lowest level of rural housing development. Based on integration model, the results show that enough attention should be paid to spatial justice in rural housing development. Such a spatial justice can be used by planners for enhancing the levels of development, reduction of inequality, rural resident’s satisfaction of their housing conditions and finally ending at the local development.
Mahdi Cheraghi; Zahra Malek Jafarian; Javad Abbasi; Sayed ali Badri
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 50-59
Abstract
During the recent decades, rural lifestyle in Iran has dramatically changed due to the rapid expansion of cities as well as change of the type and frequency of interactions between urban and rural areas. Such a change was, per se, resulted in some other vast changes in socio-economic circumstances of ...
Read More
During the recent decades, rural lifestyle in Iran has dramatically changed due to the rapid expansion of cities as well as change of the type and frequency of interactions between urban and rural areas. Such a change was, per se, resulted in some other vast changes in socio-economic circumstances of rural residents and needing the concept of liveliness in rural communities which has a different nature from what is happening in urban environments. The present study concerns with evaluating the effectiveness of Rural Conductor Plans in creating lively rural settlements according to real needs and wishes of their residents. Based on typology, this study is an applicable research and based on methodology, it is a descriptive-survey one. The sample includes 6 villages, of which 3 with conductor plans and 3 without them in GhaniBiglou district, Zanjan County. Required data was collected through both documentary and fieldwork. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied to analyze the data. The results show that implementation of Rural Conductor Plans has been led to improve the quantitative and qualitative components of liveliness in studied villages. It especially is evident in case of physical status of the villages.
Teimour Amar
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 60-72
Abstract
The main challenges of rural sustainable development in Iran can be categorized in five groups of economical, management and programming, environmental, social, and physical factors. Physical changes of rural Iran, and accordingly rural Guilan can be viewed through two perspectives. A significant part ...
Read More
The main challenges of rural sustainable development in Iran can be categorized in five groups of economical, management and programming, environmental, social, and physical factors. Physical changes of rural Iran, and accordingly rural Guilan can be viewed through two perspectives. A significant part of changes are related to government attempts regarding the preparing and implementing the physical projects. The other part is related to rural society itself and its organic characteristics that are formed during the ages. The mentioned changes have created other massive changes in functions of rural settlements such as alterations in agriculture system, relations between settlements, urban-rural interactions, and changes of form and pattern of housing. The important point is the impact of geographic conditions on all kind of changes with their spatial appearances. The present study applies a qualitative method to answer the following two questions: first, how can physical changes of rural settlements create barriers for sustainable development? And second, what are the strategic prefrences of physical development for rural Guilan? Findings of the present study show that main physical challenges of rural Guilan during the last three decades are: 30% reduction of agricultural lands which is resulted in 40% rise in number of urban settlements, higher rates of vulnerability against natural hazards, and changes in rural settlements functions. There have been many valuable attempts to materialize the physical development in rural areas during the last thirty years; however, the lack of a strategic planning method has blocked the formulation of a proper pattern of physical development in Guilan province.
hamid Jalalian; Parviz Zeaiean; Parastoo Darouei; Khadije Karimi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 73-98
Abstract
Rapid expansion of cities and their uneven physical growth, which calls “urban sprawl”, has some consequences such as; vanishing the villages and their surrounding farm lands, converting agricultural lands into other land uses, and destructing the ecological resources. Such a situation is ...
Read More
Rapid expansion of cities and their uneven physical growth, which calls “urban sprawl”, has some consequences such as; vanishing the villages and their surrounding farm lands, converting agricultural lands into other land uses, and destructing the ecological resources. Such a situation is more serious in regional metropolises. Isfahan and Urmia are two important regional metropolises with different environmental and economic structures. Both cities have experienced a rapid expansion during the recent years. The present paper has adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to study the physical expansion of the mentioned cities and their impacts on the surrounding areas. Required data were collected using documentary method, and required remote sensing data were obtained from Landsat7 images in 2001 and Landsat8 images in 2013. Comparing different periodic images of two cities and analyzing obtained data from Statistical Center of Iran showed that both Isfahan and Urmia are vastly facing with rapid population growth and alteration of their surrounding’s land uses. Application of the Holdren method for a duration of 1956-2011 showed that physical expansion is more than the real needs of the population in both cities, especially in Urmia. The result of such process is alteration of more and more agricultural lands into other applications. The rate of population growth in Isfahan, during the study span time, was nearly consistent, but in Urmia the trend was different with a high population growth especially at the beginning of 1980s due to Iraq-Iran war. It can be concluded that main reasons for alteration of farm lands around Urmia include: inefficiencies associated with urban detailed plans, low levels of farm land prices against the urban ones, vulnerability of horticultural activities next to the city, and lower rates of financial interests of agricultural activities. But, the main reasons for converting the farm lands into urban construction in Isfahan are: industrialization of the area, constructing residential estates around the city, and expansion of academic and government activities at the surrounding area. The mentioned factors have accelerated migration of different groups of people from nearby villages and towns towards Isfahan. Therefore, population growth and need for urban constructions have been leading to change the agricultural land uses and finally more vulnerability and inconsistence of environmental resources.
Hassan Darabi; Sajad Sortiji
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 99-112
Abstract
Strategic assessment is a method for improving the processes of decision making, policy, and planning. Land use suitability evaluation is a method for strategic assessment of environment. Based on its intrinsic logic, land use suitability assessment method has proper capabilities for strategic assessment. ...
Read More
Strategic assessment is a method for improving the processes of decision making, policy, and planning. Land use suitability evaluation is a method for strategic assessment of environment. Based on its intrinsic logic, land use suitability assessment method has proper capabilities for strategic assessment. The method tries to shed a light on the issue of how close are the implemented planning projects to the strategic goals. The present study applies Land use Suitability Index (LSI) at district one of Tehran to achieve the following goals: the extent to which a program has influenced the improvement of the present status, and if the method is able to find the proper answers for existing problems and questions. The findings of the present study showed that the applied method is suitable to find the proper answers. It also showed that implementing the proposed method in district one of Tehran has led to relative improvement of the proposed program. It means that improvement has been achieved by decreasing the land use incompatibility and increasing the relative land use compatibility. The results also indicated that if enough attention is paid to some critical parts, even more improvement will be achieved and there would be greater possibility for higher levels of urban development.
Shahram amir Entekhabi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 113-122
Abstract
During the last two decades, coastal areas of Caspian Sea have witnessed a rapid physical and spatial change in terms of converting farm lands into residential applications in rural areas. The process has been accelerated by emerging the second home phenomena, especially in settlements with a natural ...
Read More
During the last two decades, coastal areas of Caspian Sea have witnessed a rapid physical and spatial change in terms of converting farm lands into residential applications in rural areas. The process has been accelerated by emerging the second home phenomena, especially in settlements with a natural attraction such as beaches. Converting farmlands into residential construction encompasses a considerable economic interests and this is the reason why farmers are not eager enough to continue their previous agricultural activities. Coastal villages of Hssan Roud-Zibakenar in Guilan province are considered as one of the most impacted areas by second home constructions. Based on a documentary-comparative method, the present study has compared the first and second Rural Conductor Plans (Tarh-e-Hadi) of Zibakenar area to review the physical and spatial changes occurred at the last two decades. For better understanding of socio-economic motivations behind the spatial changes, a field work was performed and appropriate questionnaire were completed. The results of field work show that there is an increasing trend among rural residents to convert their farmlands into residential lots for construction of second homes. Such a process not only has changed the socio-cultural contexture of the area, but also has changed the rural landscape and the structural-functional characteristics of rural area.
Research Paper
Kavoos alinezhad tayebi; Hassan Hosseini Amini
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, Pages 123-125
Abstract
Today the urban has a lot of vital and important military and civilian, are of great importance. Therefore, planning and action to reduce financial losses, physical, create safety and relative stability in important urban infrastructure is the most important subject in the design and urban planning. ...
Read More
Today the urban has a lot of vital and important military and civilian, are of great importance. Therefore, planning and action to reduce financial losses, physical, create safety and relative stability in important urban infrastructure is the most important subject in the design and urban planning. Therefore, the aim of this research is Assessing the structure of Firozabad In terms of passive defense and Providing solutions for increased stability defenses Fits Defense and Security Needs and Geographical features. so, Methodology in this research is descriptive – analytical. so, has been identified Centers and users of vital, critical, and important city, by using Theoretical Foundations of passive defense and Carver Matrix theory and Finally It has been found The defense of the city Through the SWOT method. Results of research show that Principles of passive defense has not been regarded The location and concentration These uses in Firozabad and Centralization in the establishment of study centers, Not according to the principles of land use planning and defense, Camouflage, disappearance and … Is the weak point of the city. Therefore, according to the principles of passive defense in a strategic location centers and users, Decentralization of infrastructure and vital centers, sensitive and important city, According to city sustainability in urban development plans and Finally Creation and development of Urban Security are considered of the strategies To improve the sustainability of the city.
