Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Samad Fotoohi ¹
• Masoud Saeedi ²
• Leila Latifi ²

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan

² Ph.D. Student in Geomorphology, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

Natural hazards, including floods, cause significant financial and human losses every year. Therefore, identifying flood-prone areas in cities is of great importance. The urban development of Zahedan in recent decades has had a considerable impact on increasing surface runoff and the risk of urban flooding. The analysis of four stages of urban development using the SCS-CN model indicates a reduction in water retention capacity from 35.81 mm to 5.08 mm and an increase in runoff percentage from 24.21% to 83.22%. Additionally, the flood peak discharge in the hydrograph has risen from 25.44 cubic meters per second in the first development stage to 99.85 cubic meters per second in the fourth stage, demonstrating the increased intensity of water flow during flood events. The main factors contributing to this trend include intense short-term precipitation, unplanned urban development, reduced soil permeability, and encroachment on floodplain areas. Given these findings, implementing sustainable urban management policies, developing efficient drainage systems, and utilizing permeable materials are essential measures to mitigate urban flood risks.

Keywords

• GIS
• SCS-CN model
• Surface Runoff
• Urban Development
• Urban Flood Zahedan