Payame Noor University Physical Social Planning 2645-5471 11 1 2024 06 20 Analyzing the Physical-Spatial Expansion of Bonab City and Reducing Environmental Damages Analyzing the Physical-Spatial Expansion of Bonab City and Reducing Environmental Damages 105 122 11351 10.30473/psp.2024.68583.2689 FA Alireza Soleimani Associate Professor, Department of Geography, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Sedigheh Karimi M.A in Geography and Urban Planning-Urban Environment, Maragheh National University, Tehran, Iran. Samira Shotorbani Bachelor of Urban Engineering - Payam Noor University - Urmia - Iran Journal Article 2023 08 10 Urbanization is one of the basic challenges that the world society is facing in the 21st century. Nowadays, the irregular growth pattern of cities and irregular urban development have destructive effects on cities and their surrounding environment. In the meantime, the city of Bonab is not an exception to this rule. In this descriptive-analytical research with applied purpose, using the fuzzy method and remote sensing, the physical expansion and growth of Bonab city has been evaluated. In order to analyze the effective factors in the pattern of development and physical growth of the studied area, first, 10 related and main criteria including: slope, direction of slope, height, type of vegetation, distance from faults, distance from waterways, distance from communication network, distance from rivers, distance from rural settlements and distance from susceptible lands were referenced using the geographic information system were placed in the numerical range of zero to one. Then, the specified layers were fuzzy and membered by different functions, and lastly, the final map was prepared using fuzzy criteria and fuzzy gamma. In relation to the modified fuzzy gamma model, values ​​of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 have been used to identify potential areas for the physical expansion of Bonab city. The analysis and evaluation of the accuracy of the model was done based on gamma layers and a number of raster layers, as a result the gamma 0.9 was introduced as the final layer of land suitability for the future expansion. Based on the final map obtained, it can be said that the favorable areas for the future expansion of Bonab city are mostly located in the north and northwest areas. Urbanization is one of the basic challenges that the world society is facing in the 21st century. Nowadays, the irregular growth pattern of cities and irregular urban development have destructive effects on cities and their surrounding environment. In the meantime, the city of Bonab is not an exception to this rule. In this descriptive-analytical research with applied purpose, using the fuzzy method and remote sensing, the physical expansion and growth of Bonab city has been evaluated. In order to analyze the effective factors in the pattern of development and physical growth of the studied area, first, 10 related and main criteria including: slope, direction of slope, height, type of vegetation, distance from faults, distance from waterways, distance from communication network, distance from rivers, distance from rural settlements and distance from susceptible lands were referenced using the geographic information system were placed in the numerical range of zero to one. Then, the specified layers were fuzzy and membered by different functions, and lastly, the final map was prepared using fuzzy criteria and fuzzy gamma. In relation to the modified fuzzy gamma model, values ​​of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 have been used to identify potential areas for the physical expansion of Bonab city. The analysis and evaluation of the accuracy of the model was done based on gamma layers and a number of raster layers, as a result the gamma 0.9 was introduced as the final layer of land suitability for the future expansion. Based on the final map obtained, it can be said that the favorable areas for the future expansion of Bonab city are mostly located in the north and northwest areas. https://psp.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_11351_6f72cd8d4cb5bac58ff1422635d69250.pdf