Mostafa Taleshi; abdolhamid nazari; Mohammad Ali Moinfar
Abstract
One of the fundamental goals in physical development planning is to reduce the vulnerability of the constructed space to environmental hazards. One of the most important dangerous crises in the geographical space of the country is the occurrence of earthquakes and the resulting economic and social damages. ...
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One of the fundamental goals in physical development planning is to reduce the vulnerability of the constructed space to environmental hazards. One of the most important dangerous crises in the geographical space of the country is the occurrence of earthquakes and the resulting economic and social damages. The occurrence of the Bam earthquake in 2003 led to the implementation of the "Reconstruction Plan of Bam city and surrounding villages" in 2005, which has had thought-provoking changes in the planning and reconstruction of rural housing. This study intends to identify and analyze the evolution of housing and its basic functions in the structural-functional understanding of rural housing by physically examining and evaluating the mentioned plan. The present study is applied in terms of purpose with a "positivist" approach and is descriptive-analytical based on methodology. Information and data were collected through documentary and field methods in the form of questionnaires, observations and purposeful interviews. Data were recorded, processed and analyzed in statistical software and GIS environment. The statistical population of the study was the villages covered by the Bam city reconstruction plan. Twelve villages were selected using cluster sampling method based on the effect of earthquake penetration and the formation of a three-dimensional matrix. The three-dimensional matrix included: the number of households in the village, the distance of the village from the fault and the epicenter of the earthquake, and the amount of damage to the village. In the next step, the samples were determined based on Morgan table and finally, by distributing the researcher-made questionnaires in proportion to the weight of the population of each village, 354 questionnaires were completed by the heads of households. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined using experts in the field of rural planning and Cronbach's test (0.94), respectively. Findings show that in the housing pattern of the affected villages of Bam, fundamental changes have taken place in retrofitting and the type and location of materials, map, number of rooms and the level of infrastructure compared to before and after the earthquake. One of the results of the effectiveness of the reconstruction plan is the visible functional changes and the lack or incompatibility of some functions in the newly built houses. This means that pre-earthquake bio-subsistence housing has become purely post-reconstruction bio-housing. The role of the villagers in these developments has been very small, which has been due to the centralism of the project. In reviewing the design and reconstruction of rural houses at risk of earthquakes, the following should be considered: institutionalization of rural participation, utilization of indigenous knowledge, rural housing with socio-economic functions and especially the origins of special culture, planning and intervention in rural physical context and access to the pattern of sustainable rural housing.
mohsen shaterian; Razieh Karimi
Abstract
Public spaces are one of the most important elements of the city, where various cultural, social, and economic activities take place. These spaces create a lively city due to the creation of social interactions. The present study aims to know the influence of physical factors on social interactions. ...
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Public spaces are one of the most important elements of the city, where various cultural, social, and economic activities take place. These spaces create a lively city due to the creation of social interactions. The present study aims to know the influence of physical factors on social interactions. The study area includes the neighborhoods located in the old texture of Kashan city. The research is descriptive-analytical and a field survey was used to do it. The statistical population includes 51,576 residents of Kashan old texture and 200 sample were selected using Sample Power with a confidence level of 95% and a possible error of 5%. At the same time, using previous studies, a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was designed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Classification and analysis of findings was done using SPSS software. Modeling has also been done using AMOS software. Based on the obtained results, there is no correlation between physical factors and social interactions in the Pearson correlation test, because in the old neighborhoods of Kashan, no attention has been paid to the collective and public spaces appropriate to the physical structure. The results obtained from the application of structural equations also indicate that social security and comfort variables have the highest factor loadings of 97% and 89%, respectively. This shows that with the increase of security, the comfort of residents also increases, that is, security affects comfort.
shifteh farokhi; s.majid Mofidi Shemirani; samaneh jalilisadrabad
Abstract
Children are an important and sensitive group whose opinion and wishes should be asked about their living environment. This causes the formation of child-friendly neighborhoods that meet their needs. The reason for choosing South Poonk neighborhood was the car traffic, high density and low participation ...
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Children are an important and sensitive group whose opinion and wishes should be asked about their living environment. This causes the formation of child-friendly neighborhoods that meet their needs. The reason for choosing South Poonk neighborhood was the car traffic, high density and low participation of children in the neighborhood. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the ways of children's participation in order to create child-friendly neighborhoods. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research is of an applied type and in terms of location, it is a field and documentary research. The statistical population is children under the age of 18 in South Pounak neighborhood, which includes 7291 people and about 20.5% of the population of the area. One of the methods of children's participation is to draw a picture, which children are chosen by a simple random method. Therefore, by analyzing the children's drawings, it is possible to direct the South Pounak neighborhood to be child-friendly. The research results from the examination of 50 children's drawings show that 19 categories were liked and noticed by children. Among the categories, respectively, active and passive interaction with the natural and artificial environment, as well as climatic comfort have the most attention and access to public transportation, creating special routes for cycling and walking, were less important in children's drawings. Also, the environmental dimension is ranked first with 26.45% and transportation is ranked last with 6.07% from the point of view of children. Therefore, it is possible to create child-friendly neighborhoods by involving children.
Milad Fathi; hasan sajadzadeh; Seyyed Mahmoud Moini
Abstract
Science and Technology Parks play an important role in the scientific development of the country. The physical environment of these parks in two areas of architecture and urban planning should be designed with the aim of improving the efficiency of employees. The purpose of this article is to analyse ...
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Science and Technology Parks play an important role in the scientific development of the country. The physical environment of these parks in two areas of architecture and urban planning should be designed with the aim of improving the efficiency of employees. The purpose of this article is to analyse the relationship between urban factors (spatial structure and quality of open space) and physical architectural factors in science and technology parks on employee productivity. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. The scope of the study includes "Alborz Science and Technology Park" and "Communication and Information Technology Science and Technology Park". Data collection was done with a questionnaire, and the statistical sample included 226 employees of companies operating in these two parks. According to Vischer's (2007) model, architectural environmental variables were divided into three groups: "physical", "functional" and "psychological". These variables were ranked using analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. To understand the spatial structure, the space layout method was used in the UCL.Depthmap.10 software environment. Measuring the quality of the urban environment was also done through the researcher's questionnaire. In the inferential analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and path analysis using "partial least squares" method were used. The findings of the research showed that most of the factors of Vischer's model have a greater effect on productivity than urban factors from the point of view of employees. But these architectural variables do not express all the effects, so that the impact of spatial structure on employee productivity is less than "physical factors", but more than "functional factors". Also, under the variables of spatial structure, the effect of "Unity", "Depth" and "Connection" variables on productivity was not equal.
Ramezanipour Mehrdad; Mehdi Mousainejad; kia bozorgmehr; ameneh haghzad,
Abstract
The coastal cities of Mazandaran province, while enjoying natural, economic and tourism attractions, have experienced rapid growth in recent years due to the growth of the floating population and the arrival of immigrants and tourists. These cities face many issues and problems, including; Indiscriminate ...
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The coastal cities of Mazandaran province, while enjoying natural, economic and tourism attractions, have experienced rapid growth in recent years due to the growth of the floating population and the arrival of immigrants and tourists. These cities face many issues and problems, including; Indiscriminate construction in the coastal strip, horizontal growth and uncontrolled expansion of cities towards agricultural lands, many changes in the spatial and physical structure of the city, and the lack of development of public spaces commensurate with the development of private and economic spaces. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of physical changes in the coastal cities of the western region of Mazandaran province on the vitality of public spaces. The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical and survey in nature. The statistical population of this research was the citizens of the coastal cities of Nowshahr, Chalus, Tunkabon and Ramsar. The sample size was determined based on the Cochran formula of 382 people who were selected from the statistical population using the stratified probability sampling method. The data was collected by survey method, and the most important tool was the questionnaire. The results indicate that the state of physical developments of the studied cities in the fields of paying attention to the per capita and standards in the design and creation of urban spaces and the organization of the image and landscape of urban spaces have been evaluated optimally, but in the field of vitality of the public space, factors such as mixing of uses, access system and social interactions in the design and creation of public spaces have received less attention than other factors. Based on the regression model, components such as: attention to the appearance and urban landscape, development of facilities and services, increase in the level of occupation and change of natural landscape, the amount of use of the internal development of the city, environmental pollution, the land-uses and the increase in land demand, have a significant effect on vitality of public spaces. According to the structural model of the research, the component of physical changes has had the greatest effect on such components as: existence of social and psychological comfort, visual attractiveness, physical diversity and access system. And the component of physical changes has had the least effect on components such as: social interactions and diversity and flexibility of land-uses and activities.
tahereh sadeghloo; zahra behrooz; Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari
Abstract
Recently, fluctuations in land and housing prices have been a national concern for the people and the government. In recent years, factors such as population growth, limited construction space, especially in metropolitan areas, and the tendency to invest outside the cities have led to an influx of tourists ...
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Recently, fluctuations in land and housing prices have been a national concern for the people and the government. In recent years, factors such as population growth, limited construction space, especially in metropolitan areas, and the tendency to invest outside the cities have led to an influx of tourists to the surrounding rural areas. This has paved the way for rising land prices in rural areas, speculation in the land and housing market, as well as increasing heterogeneous physical changes in rural areas. Binalood township of Khorasan Razavi province is one of the regions that is facing the development of tourism and high demand for land and housing, with fluctuations and rising land and housing prices. The present study seeks to investigate the most important causes affecting the change and fluctuation of land and housing prices in rural areas of Shandiz District of Binalood Township by descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study includes rural managers, real estate consultants and residents of Shandiz villages. Using the Cochran's formula, 250 households in 11 villages with more than 30 households were selected for this study. A questionnaire has been designed in two parts, which includes the dimensions affecting land prices and housing prices with 12 dimensions and 52 indicators. The results of data analysis in SPSS environment indicate that according to Friedman test, the infrastructure-physical dimension with an average of 5.32 in the group of rural managers, 5.67 in the group of real estate consultants and 5.23 among rural residents had the greatest impact on land and housing prices. Also, based on the results of Kruskal-Wallis test, there is a significant difference between the dimensions affecting land and housing prices among the studied villages. Finally, using the path analysis process, the extent of direct and indirect impact and the sum of each of the determined dimensions on the price of land was determined. According to that, the functional dimension had the greatest effect on land prices and the spatial-functional dimension had the greatest impact on housing prices in the study areas.
Seyed Amirhossein Garakani; Mahsa Bashiri
Abstract
Housing is the foremost priority in the reconstruction of disaster-affected areas, consuming a significant portion of human and financial resources. Housing reconstruction is pivotal in the recovery of post-disaster communities and must be expedited. In Iran, post-disaster housing reconstruction faces ...
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Housing is the foremost priority in the reconstruction of disaster-affected areas, consuming a significant portion of human and financial resources. Housing reconstruction is pivotal in the recovery of post-disaster communities and must be expedited. In Iran, post-disaster housing reconstruction faces diverse legal challenges, some recurring and others contingent on the temporal and event-specific conditions. To prevent the recurrence of past errors and enhance reconstruction processes, these issues must be identified and analyzed. Data collection involved structured and semi-structured interviews, along with document analysis of existing reports and records. Data from document analysis were categorized and analyzed using qualitative coding (thematic analysis). The coding outputs are presented, delineating activities within the reconstruction process. Legal challenges in post-disaster housing reconstruction in Iran can be categorized into two primary domains: 1) institutional-behavioral and 2) spatial. The institutional-behavioral domain encompasses challenges related to organizational structures and resource management. These challenges, which affect all reconstruction activities, are inter-institutional or stem from the absence of appropriate laws, plans, and processes tailored to disaster conditions. The spatial domain includes legal challenges in core post-disaster housing reconstruction activities, such as damage assessment, demolition and debris removal, temporary housing, and housing reconstruction. These challenges generally arise from the lack of necessary plans, guidelines, and processes, the inaccessibility of required databases, and the absence of laws suited to post-disaster emergency conditions
majid yasouri; masoumeh noroozinezhad; Seyyedeh Fatemeh Emami
Abstract
One of the most important plans of the government to organize the country's villages in the last two decades has been the rural conducting plan. It seems necessary to evaluate the consequences of the implementation of these plans in different dimensions in order to know the results and also to identify ...
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One of the most important plans of the government to organize the country's villages in the last two decades has been the rural conducting plan. It seems necessary to evaluate the consequences of the implementation of these plans in different dimensions in order to know the results and also to identify their strengths and weaknesses. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and analyze the level of satisfaction of villagers with the economic, social and physical performance of the implementation of the rural conducting plans in Divshal rural district. The research is descriptive and survey type. The statistical population of the study was 2671 rural households and the sample size according to Cochran's formula was 336. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient test, regression test and path analysis using Amos software. According to the research findings, the correlation coefficient was 0.708, according to which there is a direct and positive relationship between the implementation of the rural conducting plans and the realization of villagers' satisfaction with the rural environment. Based on the adjustment coefficient (0.63), more than 63% of the satisfaction indicators can be explained. The results of one-sample t-test showed that the performance of the rural conducting plans in different dimensions was higher than the theoretical median of the research objectives. According to the results of route analysis, the highest impact belongs to the variables of housing and environment and the least impact belongs to the variables of participation and employment in the non-agricultural sector. As a result, the physical dimension of the project implementation had the most and the social dimension had the least impact on the level of villagers' satisfaction with the implementation of the rural conducting plans.
saleh arekhi; Behnam Ata; esmail shakooei
Abstract
Due to human activities, the face of the earth is always changing. For the optimal management of natural areas, it is necessary to know the trend and amount of changes in vegetation/land use. Estimating these changes is very important. The purpose of the present research is to monitor land cover changes ...
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Due to human activities, the face of the earth is always changing. For the optimal management of natural areas, it is necessary to know the trend and amount of changes in vegetation/land use. Estimating these changes is very important. The purpose of the present research is to monitor land cover changes using satellite images in the Gorganrood watershed in Golestan province. The images of TM sensor in 1987, ETM+ sensor in 2000 and OLI sensor in 2019 were processed and analyzed. After performing geometric and atmospheric corrections, monitoring and classification of images using six change monitoring techniques in Gorganrood basin with an area of 8020 square kilometers were analyzed and the changes occurred in this basin in two time periods, from 1987 to 2000 and 2000 to 2019 was investigated. Change monitoring techniques include red band difference, infrared band difference, PCA difference and standardized PCA difference, change vector analysis and comparison after classification. Statistical methods have been used to determine the threshold. After determining the change threshold, the areas with decreasing, increasing and unaffected changes have been identified. In order to evaluate the accuracy of change monitoring techniques, after the ground impressions obtained through field visits, Google Earth satellite images and aerial photos, the manufacturer's accuracy, the user's accuracy, the total accuracy and the Kappa coefficient were used. The results showed that the standardized PCA1 method had the highest total accuracy and kappa coefficient in both periods. The values of these two parameters are equal to 96.5% and 94% for the first period and 91.5% and 86% for the second period respectively. PCA1 method with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient equal to 84.5% and 74% for the first period and 89% and 82% for the second period after standardized PCA1 method has the highest level of accuracy among other methods. On the other hand, the near-infrared band difference method had the lowest total accuracy and kappa coefficient in both periods compared to other methods. The results also show that between 1987 and 2019, agricultural lands (rainfed) had the most positive changes. The extension of these lands has mostly been at the price of loss of pastures (due to higher fertility). In the space of 32 years, pastures have also undergone changes and transformations, and the decreasing changes in them can be attributed to the plowing of pastures and their allocation to agriculture.
Mohammad javad samani nezhad; neda khodakaramian gilan; mohsen niazi
Abstract
Like living organisms, the regeneration of cities is done through the renewal of worn-out cells and tissues. Sometimes the process of wear and tear is faster than the process of renewal, which causes the accumulation of wear and tear to reach a critical stage and makes it necessary to accelerate the ...
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Like living organisms, the regeneration of cities is done through the renewal of worn-out cells and tissues. Sometimes the process of wear and tear is faster than the process of renewal, which causes the accumulation of wear and tear to reach a critical stage and makes it necessary to accelerate the renewal of worn tissues. What is important is the level of people's participation in improving and renovating worn-out structures. The current research is of a qualitative type and the method of conducting it is a systematic literature review using a meta-composite approach to analyze data extracted from selected sources. Finally, in the systematic review process, 28 sources were selected and used for qualitative analysis and coding. For this purpose, reliable documents accessible in search systems such as Google, NOormagz, Magiran Elm-Net and SID were referred to in the time period of 2010 to 2014. Then, by collecting and categorizing the counted codes, 15 dimensions and 67 indicators were extracted. The codes include physical, social, environmental, managerial, psychological, service, infrastructural dimensions, partial participation, how people are involved, the level of learning of executive and functional levels, the motivation that creates it, the quality of people's cooperation, the executive realm and the subject. The results of the research show that the low value of land and housing with frequency (27) and non-standard buildings with frequency (23) are indicators that have played great importance in various researches. On the other hand, informing, endogenous and exogenous motivation, the quality of imposed and forced cooperation, etc. are some of the less important indicators in this field. The most important aspects of the innovation of this research are the multi-level and systematic look at people's participation in the improvement and renovation of the worn-out urban fabric and also the identification of the main elements of this issue.
Saeed Zanganeh Shahraki; Keramatollah Ziari; Seyed Ali Hosseini; Mohammad Sina Shahsavari
Abstract
The significant increase in urbanization along with excessive population density and activity in cities and its growing trend in terms of functional and physical diversity has increased the importance of the issue of urban vulnerability against natural hazards such as floods. Using 54 key indicators ...
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The significant increase in urbanization along with excessive population density and activity in cities and its growing trend in terms of functional and physical diversity has increased the importance of the issue of urban vulnerability against natural hazards such as floods. Using 54 key indicators in the framework of the MOVE model, this research has determined the level of social-physical vulnerability in the areas of Tehran. Then the results are spatially analyzed and the degree of vulnerability of each dimension as well as the final index has been determined. MOVE and GWR models have been used in this research. The results showed that in the final index, the southwest and northeast neighborhoods of Tehran had the most unfavorable conditions, and on the contrary, the central areas of Tehran had the most suitable conditions. Regions 18, 19, 20 and 4 had the most neighborhoods with medium to very high vulnerability status. Also, the neighborhoods located in regions 8, 6, 10 and 7 had the best conditions, respectively. Also, the results of the geographically weighted regression model showed that the sub-indicator of exposure had the most impact, and the sub-indicators of lack of resilience and susceptibility were placed in the next ranks, respectively. In the meantime, according to the R2 coefficient that is close to the average in total for all sub-indices, it can be said that the final index obtained had a great impact on the high vulnerability of the residents of the studied neighborhoods.
parvaneh shahhosseini
Abstract
Human and natural factors are effective in the distribution of cities and urbanization. In Iran, the role of the human factor is greater, and this has been due to the implementation of development policies and programs. This factor has led to regional inequality and geographical imbalances, including ...
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Human and natural factors are effective in the distribution of cities and urbanization. In Iran, the role of the human factor is greater, and this has been due to the implementation of development policies and programs. This factor has led to regional inequality and geographical imbalances, including on the north and south coasts which is well reflected in the distribution pattern of cities. In the present article, we try to compare the distribution patterns of cities on the north and south coasts, which have a common feature, being adjacent to the sea. So, the question is what is the pattern of spatial distribution of cities on the north and south coasts of the country? The research method is descriptive-inferential and using the model of the nearest neighborhood and Moran coefficient, the location of the studied cities have been compared with each other. The results show that the spatial distribution of cities in the northern coastal basin is more concentrated than the spatial distribution of cities in the southern coastal basin except Khuzestan plain. Northern cities have favorable natural conditions, traction poles, transit routes, and anti-deprivation policies, and therefore they are more spatially correlated with each other. The spatial distribution of cities in the southern coastal basin is clustered in the western part and the spatial auto-correlation is positive, but to the east, the density of cities and their spatial cohesion is reduced. For this reason, the density and spatial cohesion of cities on the east of the southern coast is minimized.
amirhossen shirazian; Mostafa Amirfakhriyan; mohammadrahim rahnama
Abstract
Achieving environmental quality criteria is not possible without considering the pattern of physical development. The quality of the place is one of the effective causes in the occurrence of various diseases, however, regarding specific diseases such as cancer, the studies conducted are in the first ...
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Achieving environmental quality criteria is not possible without considering the pattern of physical development. The quality of the place is one of the effective causes in the occurrence of various diseases, however, regarding specific diseases such as cancer, the studies conducted are in the first steps. The present study tries to measure the spatial patterns of cancer deaths in Mashhad and show that 1) What is the pattern of deaths? And 2) to what extent is it related to the quality characteristics of the environment? The study is descriptive-analytical and the study variables include 1) characteristics related to the deceased and 2) characteristics related to the quality of the environment (including air pollution and green space per capita). For this purpose, after developing a conceptual research model, by receiving information related to the deceased and the quality of the environment, a spatial database was created in the ArcGIS software environment. In the next step, using classical statistical models (correlation and t-test) and spatial statistics (spatial autocorrelation, orientation and spatial regression) data were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial pattern of the deceased did not follow the pattern of population distribution and the difference in the spatial pattern of the deceased according to gender and their average age at the neighborhood level. The use of spatial autocorrelation models showed two hot cores in the north and southwest of Mashhad and a cold core around the holy shrine. Which shows the need to pay attention to spatial differences. The results of correlation and spatial regression test indicated that the frequency of deaths in the neighborhoods is related to the average level of air pollution and green space per capita. However, the need for further studies at various intervals is suggested to confirm the findings.
Seyyed Mehdi Moussakazemi; rostam saberifar; hossein rahimi; Narges sadat Razavi
Abstract
Improving the quality and living conditions of dysfunctional and inefficient urban tissues requires strategies appropriate to the condition and characteristics of each tissue. In the current research, the existing condition of the ineffective tissues of Neishabur city has been examined and compared from ...
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Improving the quality and living conditions of dysfunctional and inefficient urban tissues requires strategies appropriate to the condition and characteristics of each tissue. In the current research, the existing condition of the ineffective tissues of Neishabur city has been examined and compared from the physical aspect. These tissues have been studied in two separate categories, including middle tissue (historical) and marginal tissue. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The current situation has been analyzed and evaluated using the SWOT technique. Priority intervention strategies in context have been determined using experts' opinions. ACCEPT method and experts' opinions have been used to identify priority regeneration strategies. In the middle (historical) texture, seven strategies and in the marginal context four strategies have been determined as priorities. According to the desirability score, in the middle context, "activation of historical, cultural and religious resources and services of tourism in the context and around the existing elements", and in the marginal texture, "encouraging residents to document properties and units and providing facilities have been determined as the most important priorities of the physical dimension. The results show that the conditions of the dysfunctional tissues of Neishabur are different from each other in terms of the situation in the middle (and historical) and marginal tissues, and therefore it is necessary to adopt regeneration strategies that are appropriate to the conditions in each tissue.
akram karimkhani; mohammadhossein saraei
Abstract
The increasing growth and expansion of cities under the influence of population growth and migration, has led to unplanned construction and many changes in the spatial structure, especially the physical development of cities in unfavorable places that require basic guidance and organization. In the present ...
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The increasing growth and expansion of cities under the influence of population growth and migration, has led to unplanned construction and many changes in the spatial structure, especially the physical development of cities in unfavorable places that require basic guidance and organization. In the present descriptive-analytical research, using Fuzzy ANP method, the development and growth of Yazd city has been evaluated. Using weighted overlap method in GIS the analysis of the development pattern and guiding urban growth has been done. To analyze the effective factors in the development model of urban area, first 7 main criteria (including environmental, economic, demographic, land and housing market, spatial-physical, government plans and policies, and access to public services) with 32 sub-criteria were determined for Yazd urban area by examining the internal and external sources. Then questionnaires were completed by 20 officials of relevant organizations. Using the Fuzzy ANP model, the coefficient of importance of each indicator was obtained and the most important factor in the development pattern of urban areas was determined. The results show that spatial-physical criteria with 0.170, and population with 0.158 have the highest and economic criteria with 0.052 and government plans and policies with 0.035 have the least impact on the growth and development of Yazd. Because region one in the north of Yazd city has less worn-out texture and region 3 in the south lacks fertile agricultural lands, these regions can be suggested for the future expansion of the city.
somayye norouzi gelehkolaie; Ahmad hatami; somaye parvizy
Abstract
Cities are growing and developing at a high speed, and the urbanization process is one of the most important issues facing urban planners. Along with the high level of population growth, land use change and its conversion to urban uses is also an important issue. The present study is an attempt to explain ...
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Cities are growing and developing at a high speed, and the urbanization process is one of the most important issues facing urban planners. Along with the high level of population growth, land use change and its conversion to urban uses is also an important issue. The present study is an attempt to explain the spatial patterns of Kermanshah city in the last 25 years. The research is applied in nature and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and based on remote sensing data. First, the images of 1995-2005-2020 were obtained from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites in TM and OLI sensors. Then, using NVEI software and supervised classification method, the images were converted into land use maps in four classes: urban, agricultural, mountain and water. Then the maps were prepared using ARCGIS software to enter FRAGASTATS software and in the next step, they were entered to this software to analyze the landscape of the land. In the next step, these maps were analyzed using spatial metrics (PALAN-PD-NP-LSI-LPI-AWMFD-ENN-MN). In the last stage, by entering these metrics into the Shannon entropy model, a general overview of the spatial growth pattern of Kermanshah city in the last 25 years was obtained. The results of this research showed that the city of Kermanshah has experienced different growth patterns in the last 25 years. Patterns can be categorized into 3 periods. In the first period (year 1995), due to the rapid growth of urbanization and the inadequacy of urban planning patterns, the city experiences a period of scattered growth in isolated urban spots. In the second period (2005), due to the reduction of migrations and the development of the city within the limits of the existing spots, the city spends a period of compact pattern. But again, in the third period (2020), the city of Kermanshah has entered a period of dispersion pattern, which has approached the spatial pattern of a scattered city in all the metrics of the landscape.
Afshin Bahmani; hamed ghadermarzi
Abstract
Poverty is a universal, complex and multifaceted phenomenon. This phenomenon exists relatively in all societies. What poses poverty as a serious challenge to policymakers is the lack of access to basic living standards such as housing, food and clothing. The purpose of the present study is to identify ...
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Poverty is a universal, complex and multifaceted phenomenon. This phenomenon exists relatively in all societies. What poses poverty as a serious challenge to policymakers is the lack of access to basic living standards such as housing, food and clothing. The purpose of the present study is to identify the factors that lead to housing poverty and to measure the degree of poverty in rural areas of Dehgolan Township. This research is of applied type and its nature is descriptive-analytical. The method of data collection is both documentary and field and the questionnaire has been used as the main tool for collecting field data. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), SERVQUAL technique, IPA matrix and poverty census index (HI) were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings of factor analysis, 38 statements were identified and named in the form of 10 sub-criteria and 4 factors (physical and functional poverty, poverty of security and comfort, poverty of enjoyment and health, and supportive and legal poverty). These four factors explain 81.8% of the cumulative variance of the factors contributing to rural housing poverty. The results show that although the quality of new rural housing in various dimensions is relatively favorable and rural housing poverty is reduced in various dimensions, but there are differences between the expected average and perceived quality. This has led to a kind of weakness, especially in the physical and economic dimensions, and the main reason is the change in the functional spaces of the native houses and the low payment facilities.
Shadali Tohidloo
Abstract
The issue of rural housing is an institutional-structural process and is very sensitive and important. Success of the issue necessarily depends on the participation and interaction of all stakeholders, which includes three groups of attendees, observers and officials. The present study seeks to explain ...
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The issue of rural housing is an institutional-structural process and is very sensitive and important. Success of the issue necessarily depends on the participation and interaction of all stakeholders, which includes three groups of attendees, observers and officials. The present study seeks to explain and analyze the role of rural development actors in organizing rural housing in Zanjan Township with a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was done by two methods: field and documentary. The statistical population includes 13 sample villages in Zanjan Township with a population of 14075 people, of which 374 persons were selected as a sample according to Cochran's formula. For data analysis, factor analysis, structural equation model and multi-subject-multiplayer model were used with the help of SPSS, Lisrel and Mactor software. Findings showed that land price indices (0.665); ease of receiving infrastructure facilities (0.743); type of construction materials (0.764); and regarding the standard of facade design and layout (0.747) are among the most important factors of improving the quality of rural housing. Based on the structural equation model, actors had the most caus-effect relationships with the managerial index (5.01) and the physical index (4.82). Based on a multi-theme multi-player model, the activists of the Islamic Revolution Housing Foundation; Dehyari of the village and the inhabitants of the village "with the impetus of" residential strength; administrative costs and construction license; adherence to the standard of facade design and layout; house price; issuance of manufacturing license; resolving common housing disputes and ease of obtaining infrastructure facilities are the main factors in rural housing developments. Therefore, for the development of rural housing, some attempts need to be done, such as physical improvement; empowering the weak sections of the villages and facilitating the legal acquisition of land for the villagers.
sahar Mahdavi; Farzaneh Sasanpour; Ali Shamai; Habib alah Fasihi
Abstract
The indiscriminate continuation of urbanization and the sprawl growth of cities has inevitably created the phenomena of creep, corrosion, annexation or integration. The annexation of large villages to the city is one of the policies of urban development that has been carried out in order to reduce numerous ...
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The indiscriminate continuation of urbanization and the sprawl growth of cities has inevitably created the phenomena of creep, corrosion, annexation or integration. The annexation of large villages to the city is one of the policies of urban development that has been carried out in order to reduce numerous economic, social, physical and environmental problems. The application of the urban village model can create an effective role in preserving the environment and improving the quality of life in rural settlements and order and peace in urban settlements in the country by guiding and controlling new constructions compatible with the characteristics of the rural context. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. With Cochran's formula, the sample count is 385 people have been obtained. The sampling method in this research is simple random and the reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha is 0.850. The aim of the research is to identify and rank annexed zones in order to promote sustainability based on the urban village model. To analyze the data, the CODAS method has been used as one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods. Based on the results of weighting, population criteria, building density, space design and walkability, environmental protection and cleanliness are weighted respectively (0.16), (0.12), (0.08), (0.8). 0, (0.06), the most important criteria among the 20 existing ones. The results of CODAS technique show that Mahdasht and Ahidasht neighborhood with (1/80) and (1/55) rank first and second, respectively, Baladeza and Balamaliek (1.40) third and fourth, Sharif Abad and Hevela with (1.38) and (0/419) fifth and sixth, Zoghalchal and Paeindeza with (-0/219) and (-0/921), ranked 7th and 8th, and finally, the neighborhoods of Pol Gardan and Qoroqh with (-1/83) and (-2/48) have taken the ninth and tenth place. Based on the obtained results, Mahdasht with the highest amount and Qarq with the lowest amount of sustainability in social, economic, physical and environmental indicators, respectively, were recognized as the most appropriate and the most inappropriate option among the extension areas of Sari city in line with the implementation of the urban village model.
miri Bahareh; Aeizh Azmi; Mohmmad Akbarpour
Abstract
Sustainable housing is the center of economic and social activities of rural households and a factor affecting their well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the structural and functional stability of rural housing in Sarfirouzabad district, Kermanshah Township. Based on nature, ...
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Sustainable housing is the center of economic and social activities of rural households and a factor affecting their well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the structural and functional stability of rural housing in Sarfirouzabad district, Kermanshah Township. Based on nature, the present study is applied-developmental, based on scope, it is case study, and based on method is descriptive-analytical. The reliability of the research (using Cronbach's alpha coefficient) is equal to 0.94 and the validity of the research was confirmed by the opinion of geographers. The statistical population of the study includes 527 households. The Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, which resulted in the selection of 216 rural households. The sampling method was simple random. The results showed that six villages (66%) were recognized as sustainable villages in terms of housing sustainability, 1 village (11%) as semi-sustainable villages and 2 villages (22%) as unstable villages. Also, the item of durability of materials with a total effect of 0.317 was in the first priority, while the item of building strength with an overall effect of -0.153 had the lowest impact and is in the last priority.
hosniyeh shiran; Hamid Reza Rakhshaninasab
Abstract
One of the main policies of the country and one of the most important strategies of the government in recent years is the "Mehr Housing Project" with the aim of providing housing for different groups. The purpose of this study is "Comparative evaluation of residents' satisfaction with Mehr housing in ...
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One of the main policies of the country and one of the most important strategies of the government in recent years is the "Mehr Housing Project" with the aim of providing housing for different groups. The purpose of this study is "Comparative evaluation of residents' satisfaction with Mehr housing in Zahedan." The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. In the process of collecting data and information, documentary and field methods have been used. The statistical population of the study is the residents of Mehr Shargh and Gharb housing complexes in Zahedan and includes 4950 heads of households. The sample size was estimated to be 562 heads of households based on Cochran's formula and SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The results of Pearson correlation analysis show that there is a significant relationship between age and monthly income and education with satisfaction with the residential complex. However, the results of t-test showed that the satisfaction of the residents of Mehr Zahedan housing complexes with a total average of 79 sub-criteria is lower than the average (2.41). Friedman test was used for the final ranking of indicators and the most important effect is the performance-structural index including accesses and facilities. SAWARA model was used to analyze the most effective indicators affecting the quality of housing according to experts. The most important content indicators are the presence of CCTV cameras and closer proximity to the shopping center. Finally, the results of independent t-test to compare the two residential complexes of Mehr showed that there is no significant difference in terms of satisfaction in Mehr housing in Zahedan.
masoomeh tavangar
Abstract
High-rise construction is one of the approaches based on new theories of urban development and the maximum use of valuable urban land. This approach has been adopted by urban managers and policymakers to meet the growing needs of the growing urban population. Mashhad is the second largest metropolis ...
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High-rise construction is one of the approaches based on new theories of urban development and the maximum use of valuable urban land. This approach has been adopted by urban managers and policymakers to meet the growing needs of the growing urban population. Mashhad is the second largest metropolis after Tehran and has a special political-administrative function as well as pilgrimage-tourism. In this respect, it is very attractive for the attraction of the population and the tourist. Therefore, high-rise construction is pursued as a grand strategy aimed at spatial development, with minimal land use and urban land reuse in urban development plans and programs. Adaptation of high-rise residence to the social and religious context of Mashhad requires identifying the challenges and weaknesses of this strategy that the present study was designed to respond to. This research is by nature an applied research. The research is a survey and its type of analysis is descriptive-comparative. In order to apply the results of the research, the proposed guidelines for eliminating social and cultural damages of high-rise buildings in Mashhad have been presented in the form of integrated land management model and high-rise construction in Mashhad.
Mohsen Ahadnejad Reveshty; Milad Hasanalizadeh
Abstract
Up-to-date information on land use and land cover, especially in urban areas, and awareness of its changes and developments over a period of time is very important for planners and managers. The present study aims to monitor spatial changes in land use and land cover in the urban area of Babol and Amirkola ...
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Up-to-date information on land use and land cover, especially in urban areas, and awareness of its changes and developments over a period of time is very important for planners and managers. The present study aims to monitor spatial changes in land use and land cover in the urban area of Babol and Amirkola in the period 1986 to 2020 and forecasting it for 2030. The present research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature and method. Data are taken from Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images. The Fuzzy ARTMAP model was used to detect and classify images, the cross-tab and LCM models were used to analyze land use and land cover changes, and the CA-Markov model was used to predict land use and land cover in 2030 in the IDRISI TerrSet software environment. ArcGIS software was also used to draw the final maps. The results showed that the conversion of garden-use and irrigated agriculture into the built environment has a growing trend, so that these lands have increased from 11.3% in 1986 to 19.7% in 2020 and according to the forecast by 2030, built-up land will reach 22.2% of the total area. Also, the ratio of built-up to non-built land has increased from 12.8 percent in 1986 to 24.5 percent in 2020, and is projected to reach 28.6 percent in 2030, which shows the high rate of garden and agricultural lands destruction.
Mohammad Marzbanrad; MohammadHasan Talebian; Eskandar Mokhtari Taleghani
Abstract
Locality is a feature that shows dependence on a place. The principles of attitude towards the place and location of any building are related to four characteristics, including figure and image, order, identity and memory, which originate from mental-internal and physical-external impressions. Emphasizing ...
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Locality is a feature that shows dependence on a place. The principles of attitude towards the place and location of any building are related to four characteristics, including figure and image, order, identity and memory, which originate from mental-internal and physical-external impressions. Emphasizing the phenomenological approach, the current research seeks to reread the principles of location in historical buildings and find the relationship between physical and perceptual factors with the attitude of place in buildings, which was carried out using a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research method. The statistical population of the research includes 1- historical monuments and 2- experts, thinkers and specialists. The statistical sample of the first group includes two historical buildings in Tehran (Sahibqraniyeh Palace) and (Firdous Garden) and the second group includes 20 experts, thinkers and experts who are experienced and knowledgeable about the subject of the research. Analysis of documentary data and field observations has been done using SPSS software. The physical indicators obtained from the theoretical findings include "materials", "form and proportions", "color", "lighting" and "natural elements", which were prioritized based on a survey among the statistical community through AHP test and using Expert Choice software. The results of the measurement of the indicators studied in the two historical monuments of Sahibqraniyeh Palace and Ferdous Garden show that there is no significant relationship between any of these indicators, and among the physical indicators, the index of "natural elements (plants and water)" has the highest percentage of influence on the perception of the building. The results of this research show that the principle of identity through physical indicators in buildings such as form and proportions, lighting along with the principle of figure and image through physical indicators (materials, color and proportions) have caused audience perceptions of these buildings. Therefore, by restoring these two important principles, the placement of buildings can be improved.
mehrdad mehrjou; Mehrnaz Molavi
Abstract
Cities, as places of population concentration and increased environmental and social loads, need to reduce vulnerability to human-induced hazards. A city is not merely a collection of buildings, but a human, social, cultural, economic, and physical phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the socio-spatial ...
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Cities, as places of population concentration and increased environmental and social loads, need to reduce vulnerability to human-induced hazards. A city is not merely a collection of buildings, but a human, social, cultural, economic, and physical phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the socio-spatial vulnerability of historical buildings in the historical fabric of Rasht and examines the potential consequences in the spaces surrounding these buildings. To assess human hazards, the Delphi technique and the ICCROM-CCI-RCE method were used. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression (predictive models) were employed to analyze the output data from Space Syntax software. Ultimately, the findings of the predictive models revealed destructive socio-spatial human behaviors around historical buildings. Two factors, movement flow and visual access, were identified as spatial vulnerability factors extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and seven categories of contextual human hazards were identified. Variables such as visual connectivity, pedestrian movement, vehicle movement, and pedestrian movement within the movement flow have significant factor loadings compared to visual access. In the visual access factor, variables such as vehicle movement and Isovist areas have acceptable factor loadings. The research results clearly showed that the social fabric must be fully considered alongside the spatial fabric. Their interaction is often overlooked during the assessment of vulnerable spaces and the prediction of human-fabric hazards in historical environments. Therefore, managers and officials must comprehensively examine the social context and how humans use space
