Farhad Azizpour; Javad Alibeigi
Abstract
One of the most important challenges of developing countries is a lack of precise vision on possible concequences of development programs and projects to be conducted. It necessitates the evaluation of impacts of relocating and resettlement strategies in rural areas. The present study was aimed at evaluation ...
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One of the most important challenges of developing countries is a lack of precise vision on possible concequences of development programs and projects to be conducted. It necessitates the evaluation of impacts of relocating and resettlement strategies in rural areas. The present study was aimed at evaluation of economic, social, environmental, and physical-spatial concequences of resettlement strategy in two villages of Larini Olia and Larini Sofla in Sirvan county, Illam province. Based on type, the present study is a descriptive-analytical research. Required data were collected trough documentary and field methods. The statistical community included 129 households, of them 84 were selected by Chocran and random methods as a sample. Data analysis was done by T test in SPSS software. The questions posed by the present study include: what are the opinions of rural residents about executing the policy of rural resettlement? And, how do they evaluate its concequences bsed on the necessity of project and their satisfaction of such resettlements? The results indicated that the necessity of resettlement was evaluated by rural respondents as "very high" with a mean equals to 4.27, and their satisfaction of resettlement was "high" with a 3.88 mean figure. Moreover, the various impacts of resettlement on villages were ranked as follows: physical-spatial component with an average of 4.08 (as high), environmental component with an average of 3.70 (high), social component with 3.43 (high), and economic component with 2.93 as moderate rank respectively. The mentioned figures were used as a basis for the research theoretical framework.
Davood Mahdavi; Mojtaba Hatami
Abstract
The Eco-village is a model for promoting sustainable living by removing environmental, social and economic destabilization through the implementation of sustainable structures and practices in rural areas. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the status of key indicators of eco-village ...
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The Eco-village is a model for promoting sustainable living by removing environmental, social and economic destabilization through the implementation of sustainable structures and practices in rural areas. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the status of key indicators of eco-village pattern in tourist villages on the margins of Choghakhor wetland. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytic in nature. A researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.89 was used to evaluate the key indices of eco-village in the studied touristy villages. The statistical population of the study consisted of all local residents and tourists present in Choghakhor. The sample size in this study was 311 persons estimated according to Cochran formula with error of 0.05. The results show that the studied villages are not in desirable condition in terms of all three dimensions of eco-village, because the mean value of the results is just 2.76. The results also show that the natural dimension indices of eco-village pattern are better than other dimensions and indices in the studied villages. Socio-economic indices are in the following ranks. Therefore, the following three solutions can be offered: 1- Efforts to attract domestic and foreign investment, 2- Supporting useful and early plans for environmental efficiency, and 3- Incorporation of ecovillage projects as national plans by local and regional authorities.
Akbar Rahimi; Meisam Moharrami; Saadi Faraji
Abstract
Urban green spaces and parks are considered as a critical component of the urban planning process. Spatial distribution of parks is an important factor in proper accessibility of urban residents to such services. The present study aims at evaluating the coverage of service areas that urban parks provide ...
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Urban green spaces and parks are considered as a critical component of the urban planning process. Spatial distribution of parks is an important factor in proper accessibility of urban residents to such services. The present study aims at evaluating the coverage of service areas that urban parks provide for people as well as their functions in 10 urban regions of Tabriz city using network analysis and FAHP methods to find the optimal location for expanding and developing the green spaces. The network analysis was done using land use and transit network maps. Then, based on eight effective locational criteria, the location of urban parks was completed. The results indicated that central regions of the city have better access to the neighboring parks than the others. Also, access to local parks is not proper in east, north-west and south areas of Tabriz, but other areas do so. Accessibility to district, regional, and urban parks is suitable in western, eastern and south-eastern parts of Tabriz. Application of FAHP to locating green spaces showed that central and eastern regions of Tabriz are more suitable for creating and expanding the parks and green spaces.
Reza Lahmiyan
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 109-119
Abstract
Human has always sought shelter starts with the creation of human civilization is gradually making the city occurred. Increase social interaction between humans and characteristics of urban communities today due to the creation of different patterns and it also has been developed. According to ...
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Human has always sought shelter starts with the creation of human civilization is gradually making the city occurred. Increase social interaction between humans and characteristics of urban communities today due to the creation of different patterns and it also has been developed. According to the city's multi-faceted phenomenon and dynamic, forecasting, planning and perfect for all of it absolutely does not exist. The pattern of growth and physical development as spatial pattern of human activities at a time when certain defined into two main categories: horizontal expansion of urban sprawl and model compact city is divided to review this template to achieve sustainable urban development will be essential. In the study ahead of Sari in Mazandaran province and one of the city's center is also using the a descriptive – analytical Analytical for six decades between the years 1335 to 1395 were examined. The highest population density in the first decade of 1335 with 238.8 persons per hectare and the lowest decade in terms of population density of 70.8 persons per hectare is about 1355. The purpose of this study was to identify and measure physical growth pattern of Sari in different periods that to achieve a balanced distribution of degree, degree of aggregation, density and size of Metropole has been used. By surveys that show results The city is looking at expanding the space of slow growth and the relative density With early onset of urbanization and uncontrolled migration from rural to urban areas, where development occurs very rapidly, It may be scattered or spread of irregular horizontal growth pattern for the city imagine the consequences would be the undesirable as well.
Mohammadreza Karami; Sohrab Amirian
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 110-124
Abstract
Risk zoning is an important approach to the pre-crisis management process, which assists planners and managers to be prepared for reducing vulnerability. The key issue is the selection of vulnerability criteria and how these criteria are combined. It is also important to select the suitable model ...
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Risk zoning is an important approach to the pre-crisis management process, which assists planners and managers to be prepared for reducing vulnerability. The key issue is the selection of vulnerability criteria and how these criteria are combined. It is also important to select the suitable model that can best illustrate the vulnerability. The city of Tabriz, from the viewpoint of size, industrial, economic, social and cultural conditions, is considered as the metropolis of northwest of the country, however, its proximity to a large and active fault has created an unfavorable condition for the city. In the present paper, using IDRISI and ArcGIS software, 15 selected criteria have been analyzed. Also, a combination of Fuzzy and AHP logic models were applied to analysis of vulnerability of urban areas and their population. The results showed that regions 10 and 1 of city municipality have the worst possible conditions respectively. Conformation of the results to the existing situation indicates the high accuracy of the chosen model for zoning the earthquake hazard.
Mohammad MirzaAli; Abdol Hamid Nazari; Majid Ownegh
Abstract
Nowadays, recognizing the ways to achieve sustainability has dramatically changed through different patterns of vulnerability reduction in rural planning and disaster management. The attitude to natural hazards has also changed, and the dominant view has shifted from focusing on reducing "vulnerability" ...
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Nowadays, recognizing the ways to achieve sustainability has dramatically changed through different patterns of vulnerability reduction in rural planning and disaster management. The attitude to natural hazards has also changed, and the dominant view has shifted from focusing on reducing "vulnerability" to improving "resilience". According to figures, "floods", storms and earthquakes have caused the greatest damages and casualties to human societies. Iran and Golestan province are not exceptional. Results of the present study show that 215 villages are facing the permanent danger of flood. In recent years, measures have been taken to reduce vulnerability, especially in case of physical dimensions of villages in Golestan province; however, enough attention has not yet been paid to effective attempts for measuring resilience against the flood risks. Therefore, based on systemic and sustainable development approaches the main goal of the present research is analyzing and measuring the relations between physical-environmental, economic, social, and institutional factors of rural communities with the rate of their resilience against flood in Gorganroud watershed. This research is a fundamental-applied study and has been completed based on a descriptive-analytical method. The study area contains 106 villages with 22,942 households. Using multistage and random cluster sampling and Cochran formula, 31 villages with 318 households were selected as the sample size. Validity of the questionnaire was verified using the Delphi method and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by the total amount of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the rural household questionnaire α1= 0.86 and for the rural managers (Dehyar) questionnaire α2= 0.89. The overall results of the present research showed that there is a significant relationship between the environmental-physical, and social components of the study areas and the resilience of the inhabited communities against the floods. But there is not a meaningful relationship between the economic components of these villages and the resilience of their inhabitants in dealing with floods. Meanwhile, the average resilience of various dimensions of entire sub-basins of the study area was often ranked as "moderate to weak" grouping. The average figures for resilience of various dimensions were as follows: environmental-physical 2.89, social 3.68, institutional 2.92 and economic 2.64. These figures confirm the “moderate to weak” grouping of the area against flood resilience. In conclusion, it can be said that rural households in sub-basins of ChehelChai, Ghurechai and TilAbad and Sofla of Gorganrood have an overall moderate resilience, and rural households in sub-basins of Madarsoo, Rudbar-Mohammad-Abad-Zaringol and Sarisoo locate at an overall weak resiliency group.
Siavash Ataei; Asghar Norouzi; Mostafa Taleshi
Abstract
The present research aims to analyze the factors affecting the inefficiency of rural management and its role in the unbalanced physical development in the vicinity of Tehran metropolis within the rural settlements of Rey County. This research is applied in terms of objective and mixed (hybrid) in terms ...
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The present research aims to analyze the factors affecting the inefficiency of rural management and its role in the unbalanced physical development in the vicinity of Tehran metropolis within the rural settlements of Rey County. This research is applied in terms of objective and mixed (hybrid) in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study was the rural settlements of Rey County, and a sequential mixed sampling method (probability and purposive) was used to determine the sample size. Data collection tools included questionnaires and interviews. Furthermore, the collected data were analyzed using factor analysis and qualitative content analysis. The research results indicated, firstly, that the rural management system, as a complex and multidimensional process, has led to the formation of an inefficient rural management system through aspects such as policy pressures and gaps, different intellectual foundations, the inability to control land speculation, lack of inter-sectoral coordination between urban and rural institutions, and weakness in supervising and enforcing regulations in the villages surrounding metropolises. On the other hand, the rural management system, in the form of factors such as policy-planning divergence (with a coefficient of 0.772), territorial-mission divergence (with a coefficient of 0.740), and the inefficiency of laws and directives (with a coefficient of 0.745), has caused this inefficiency and subsequently brought about unbalanced physical development in the vicinity of Tehran metropolis.
Rahmatollah Bahrami
Abstract
The healthy village project aims at creating a suitable village for living and promoting the health of community members through their participation. Housing is considered as one of the important projects of the healthy village. The present study aims at evaluating sustainable housing indices by descriptive-analytical ...
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The healthy village project aims at creating a suitable village for living and promoting the health of community members through their participation. Housing is considered as one of the important projects of the healthy village. The present study aims at evaluating sustainable housing indices by descriptive-analytical method in Kurdistan province. Findings of the present study indicated that 48 percent of rural settlements in Kurdistan province do not have access to enough sun light, 73 percent of the villages lack safe drinking water, in 82 percent of villages the sewage systems is not covered, and 48 percent of houses are considered as low-durable structures. The analytical results based on the t-test showed that of 22 studied variables, only 4 cases were above the average. Also, the results showed that according to comparative studies with the average figures of the country, the most rural houses of Kurdistan province located in the unhealthy category. Therefore, one of the strategies for sustainable housing is low interest loans and designing houses in accordance to environmental conditions of villages.
ahmad hajarian
Abstract
Since natural hazards cause severe social, economic, cultural, physical, and functional disruptions in cities, promoting urban resilience not only helps maintain the initial performance of cities, but also leads to their improvement and prosperity after the occurrence of hazards. The aim of the present ...
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Since natural hazards cause severe social, economic, cultural, physical, and functional disruptions in cities, promoting urban resilience not only helps maintain the initial performance of cities, but also leads to their improvement and prosperity after the occurrence of hazards. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting urban resilience. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, interpretive and analytical in nature, and qualitative and quantitative in terms of method. Grand Theory, Delphi, and finally Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) models were used to analyze the data. The statistical population in the present study includes experts and elites in the field of urban planning in general and urban management in particular. Purposive sampling was used to collect data, and finally (30) people were selected as a sample. In the present study, categories including economic, social, cultural, and physical were identified as effective factors in urban resilience. Then, using the Delphi method in two stages of the survey; the experts' agreement was announced regarding the factors raised. The results of the self-interaction matrix showed that the economic factor has an effect on other factors. The physical factor, which is the most important factor in urban resilience, is affected by other factors and does not have an effect on another factor by itself.
Seyed Ramin Ghafari; Asiyeh Miri
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 117-128
Abstract
Like other biosystems, rural settlements are subject to varying dynamism and transformations due to their spatial positions and locations. They are affected by their spatial-locational positions and have always undergone changes over time. But the question is whether this transformation has been commensurate ...
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Like other biosystems, rural settlements are subject to varying dynamism and transformations due to their spatial positions and locations. They are affected by their spatial-locational positions and have always undergone changes over time. But the question is whether this transformation has been commensurate with the needs of the rural community? In the present study, not only the changes in the pattern and performance of rural houses are considered, but also it analyzes the role of spatial-locational factors affecting the typology of rural housing. Attention is also paid to the extent and scope of such structural changes in accordance with today's circumstances. Since the current study is based on a futuristic approach, it is considered as a development-oriented research in order to emerge a new thought. Both documentary and field methods were applied to collect required data and information. For the first, relevant books, articles, reports, documents, annual reports and other sources of information were reviewed, and for the second, 10 villages of a rural district namely western Kayar were selected as samples in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province. After completing the questionnaire, the data were processed using SPSS software. Findings of the present study suggest that: from a spatial-locational viwpoint, socio-cultural and economic components have more influence on the type of rural housing than the natural-ecological components. It also was confirmed that spatial processes have different effects on different places. The results show that, due to the profound functional transformations in rural houses in the study area, the adaptation to the natural environment has largely been replaced by adaptaion to urban plans. Therefore, There is a need to introduce a proper spatial-locational pattern to be in accordance with environmental characteristics and cultural features of the region. Such a pattern can deal with the heterogeneities and abnormalities that overwhelm the texture and pattern of the villages.
Shahbakhti Rostami; Mostafa Taleshi; Ghadir Firouznia
Abstract
At the present, Payam-e-Noor University (PNU) has more than 500 educational centers and units around the country. The need for rational management of this university requires that new management technologies be used at different levels. The relatively large number of centers, students and users of educational ...
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At the present, Payam-e-Noor University (PNU) has more than 500 educational centers and units around the country. The need for rational management of this university requires that new management technologies be used at different levels. The relatively large number of centers, students and users of educational services at Payam-e-Noor University has created a huge amount of data and information. It seems that managing and organizing this amount of data is not in the power of a particular person or persons, even if they are very strong managers. In most cases, managers and officials do not have accurate statistics and information on the various situations of the centers under their management. This can lead to insufficient knowledge and sometimes incorrect decisions in university administration. On the other hand, sometimes the amount of information and data is so large that many people feel lost in the seemingly unrelated mass of information. Creating a comprehensive database containing all the data, statistics, figures and various information related to the centers and units can help manage and organize them. The present study is based on the data of Golestan Comprehensive System of Payam-e-Noor University from 2014 to 2017. In this study, before testing any hypothesis or examining the relationships between variables, the emphasis is on creating a comprehensive database for Payam-e-Noor University that can be used in the environment of geographic information systems. Based on this database and according to different research or administrative-executive needs, various analyzes of this database can be performed. The results of this study are in the form of a comprehensive database in the environment of geographic information systems, which as a powerful tool can provide managers with appropriate and useful solutions. Managers can make the right and effective decisions based on it. Therefore, using the results of this research can lead to better management at the level of central organization, provinces and centers and units of the PNU.
Hasan Hekmatnia
Abstract
The growth and development of urbanization has a major impact on the supply of land for construction and urban development in urban areas. Widespread use of urban land for residential use has led to the horizontal expansion of cities and the increase in vacant land within cities, which has rapidly expanded ...
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The growth and development of urbanization has a major impact on the supply of land for construction and urban development in urban areas. Widespread use of urban land for residential use has led to the horizontal expansion of cities and the increase in vacant land within cities, which has rapidly expanded the suburbs. In this regard, the paradigm of intensive urban development, smart growth and the use of vacant land within the city to achieve social and spatial stability and equity are presented. The present article aims to explain how the city of Yazd as a desert and arid city is compactly and extensively developed using the concept of urban density. According to the surveys carried out during the years 1966-2016, the area of Yazd city has increased by about 19.5 times and its population has increased by 6.5 times. During these years, the sharp decrease in gross population density and its significant gap with net population density (154.6) indicate that the city is over-stretched and more spaces are left vacant and inactive in Yazd. An examination of the components of development in Yazd shows that if there is no growth in the outer and surrounding areas in the coming years, all future growth and physical expansion of the city will be limited to the use of vacant land. Within the next 25 years, Yazd will not need to increase its area, and the existing area of the city will meet the residential and non-residential needs of its citizens.
Mostafa Taleshi; Asadollah Heidari
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 101-114
Abstract
One of the main challenges of the territorial space planning system, especially local-regional spaces in Iran, is the functional disruption of urban and rural settlements, followed by structural-functional disorientations of the settlement system. One of the effective approaches in balancing disruption ...
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One of the main challenges of the territorial space planning system, especially local-regional spaces in Iran, is the functional disruption of urban and rural settlements, followed by structural-functional disorientations of the settlement system. One of the effective approaches in balancing disruption and balance adjustment toward a balanced and sustainable pattern is the regional network pattern. Regarding this issue, some settlement systems are in the early stages of formation and some suffer from the damage caused by the changes in the transition from unbalanced network to a balanced one. The settlement system of Hashtroud-Charoymagh district is faced the structural - functional barriers in the early stages of the formation of a regional network system. In the present study, an inductive research method along with a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques is applied to test the factors and forces influencing the formation of regional network. For quantitative analysis, we have used the Nodexl network analysis, GIS, AHP model, and clustering techniques. In qualitative method, regular interviews with stakeholders were conducted to recognize the flow of goods, information and capital in the region. Research findings showed that the spatial flows of primary economic activities which affect the formation of a regional network were incomplete in rural settlement’s physical system, or were following a one-way pattern. In order to modify the structural constraints and strengthen the functional system of rural settlements in the Hashtroud-Charoymagh area, the following attempts need to be done: applying supportive policies and investment of related government institutions, increasing the rate of rural participation, and creating productive foundations by rural stakeholders. Such attempts might lead to form a regional network that would be in interaction with other transnational and national networks.
Ghadir Firouznia; Mohammad Reza Rabbani
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 103-112
Abstract
Human settlements as a spatial phenomenon always are influenced by Different nat-ural and human factors and are changing during all times. One of these affecting factors is industry. In Iran, the industry as other countries have had excessive changes in society in particular changes in rural settlement ...
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Human settlements as a spatial phenomenon always are influenced by Different nat-ural and human factors and are changing during all times. One of these affecting factors is industry. In Iran, the industry as other countries have had excessive changes in society in particular changes in rural settlement to urban settlement. This article, by relying on descriptive – analytical method, intends to illustrate the impact of industry on the devel-opment of Nazarabad. by using secondary data. Industrial development in this settlement caused village Nazarabad with a population of 799 people and area of 6 acres in 1335 to a city with a population of 97722 and area of 3574 acres in 1385.
Maryam RostamPisheh; Seyed Mohammadreza Nasir Salam; Said Tizghalam Zonouzi
Abstract
Those eco-tourism resorts that are principally built and are compatible to virgin rural environments are considered as the important elements of tourism services especially eco-tourism. One of the most important principles of such resorts is their architectural criteria. There are many eco-tourism attractions ...
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Those eco-tourism resorts that are principally built and are compatible to virgin rural environments are considered as the important elements of tourism services especially eco-tourism. One of the most important principles of such resorts is their architectural criteria. There are many eco-tourism attractions in Guilan province which is a suitable place for establishing eco-tourism resorts. The growing number of tourists in the study area necessitates enough attention to the architecture of such resorts. The aim of present study is to do an architectural comparative evaluation of two eco-tourism resorts namely Telarkhaneh Bordbar and Deylmay Gasht with special attention to their physical structure and related attributes. Required data was collected based on architectural parameters including physical structure, planning, atheistic and environmental indices through theoretical study and field observations. A qualitative method through deductive analysis was applied to assess the data. The results indicated that in compare to Deylmay Gasht, Telarkhaneh Bordbar resort is standing on a higher level of architectural structure and its construction is more different from native buildings. There exist family management and presentation of local culture and native arts in both resorts, but the architectural similarity with local buildings is more observable in Deylmay Gasht resort. Meanwhile, the lack of capital and high cost of traditional architecture apply to both resorts. Also, local people are interested in development and promotion of both resorts. The final result of the present study recommends betterment for Deylemay Gasht resort and improvement for Telarkhaneh Bordbar resort.
Shahram amir Entekhabi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 113-122
Abstract
During the last two decades, coastal areas of Caspian Sea have witnessed a rapid physical and spatial change in terms of converting farm lands into residential applications in rural areas. The process has been accelerated by emerging the second home phenomena, especially in settlements with a natural ...
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During the last two decades, coastal areas of Caspian Sea have witnessed a rapid physical and spatial change in terms of converting farm lands into residential applications in rural areas. The process has been accelerated by emerging the second home phenomena, especially in settlements with a natural attraction such as beaches. Converting farmlands into residential construction encompasses a considerable economic interests and this is the reason why farmers are not eager enough to continue their previous agricultural activities. Coastal villages of Hssan Roud-Zibakenar in Guilan province are considered as one of the most impacted areas by second home constructions. Based on a documentary-comparative method, the present study has compared the first and second Rural Conductor Plans (Tarh-e-Hadi) of Zibakenar area to review the physical and spatial changes occurred at the last two decades. For better understanding of socio-economic motivations behind the spatial changes, a field work was performed and appropriate questionnaire were completed. The results of field work show that there is an increasing trend among rural residents to convert their farmlands into residential lots for construction of second homes. Such a process not only has changed the socio-cultural contexture of the area, but also has changed the rural landscape and the structural-functional characteristics of rural area.
Yousef Darvishi
Abstract
Open spaces located in central neighborhoods of cities can be considered as the most important programmable spaces from a non-operational defense perspective. Since such spaces belong to the public or the public bodies, they can, in times of crisis, be used for relief and temporary accommodation of damaged ...
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Open spaces located in central neighborhoods of cities can be considered as the most important programmable spaces from a non-operational defense perspective. Since such spaces belong to the public or the public bodies, they can, in times of crisis, be used for relief and temporary accommodation of damaged people. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate and identify the limitations and possibilities of open spaces in district 1, Tabriz in terms of composition of masses and open spaces from the perspective of non-operating defense. For this purpose, various software applications are applied including: ArcGIS10, Auto cad, and Excel in order to zoning the spaces based on their different vulnerability levels and to analyze the data. The findings of the present research indicated that most old neighborhoods in district 1 Tabriz are vulnerable to the non-operating defense scale. Also, the structure of open spaces in the study area shows that more than 11.7% of the district is inappropriate spaces for the critical situations.
Reza Lahmian; Zahra Nabizadeh
Abstract
One aspect of the sustainability of urban development is balanced physical development in line with environmental, ecological, and socio-economic conditions. In the last decades of the twentieth century, despite many efforts in the field of sustainable physical-spatial development of cities, this issue ...
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One aspect of the sustainability of urban development is balanced physical development in line with environmental, ecological, and socio-economic conditions. In the last decades of the twentieth century, despite many efforts in the field of sustainable physical-spatial development of cities, this issue still remains one of the major challenges for geographers, urban planners, architects and urban planners. In many developing countries, accelerated urbanization and increasing urban populations have exacerbated environmental hazards. This is doubly important in small towns. Physical development, in addition to changing land use, has severely limited the basic needs of urban society, including the provision of safe and adequate water, per capita green space, urban waste management and environmental pollution. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of physical development on the instability of urban development from an environmental perspective in the city of Sorkhrud, using a descriptive-analytical method. To do this, first the physical development of the city using the Shannon entropy model was examined and then the role of physical development on environmental problems was evaluated through three components and seven criteria. The three components include; physical, functional and environmental, and the seven criteria were observance of standard land uses, urban furniture, observance of building height, urban green space, maintaining soil balance, land use change of agricultural land. The results suggest that unbalanced physical development has led to unorganized environmental instability in the city, such as land use change and increased environmental pollution. Green space development is the best option for moderating unbalanced physical development.
Mohamad Salavarzi zadeh Salavarzi zadeh; Hojat Sheikhi; Zaynab Shekari
Abstract
As an interface between the city and citizens, urban neighborhoods have formerly played a major role in shaping and organizing urban activities over the time. They also were encouraging the feelings of belongings, identity, and social relations among their residents by providing the required daily services. ...
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As an interface between the city and citizens, urban neighborhoods have formerly played a major role in shaping and organizing urban activities over the time. They also were encouraging the feelings of belongings, identity, and social relations among their residents by providing the required daily services. However, such neighborhoods don’t play any important roles in various urban plans and programs nowadays. Meanwhile, the idea of sustainable development at neighborhood level is recently emerging among urban planner circles again. Returning to the urban neighborhood solution is considered as a viewpoint that addresses the current problems of cities and urban life. It seeks possible ways to solve the problems using the powerful internal forces and existing social capitals. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of social capital and its components in neighborhood sustainable development of Illam city. The applied method is analytical-descriptive. Documentary methods are used to complete the theoretical and literature reviews of the study. Field methods and questionnaires are used to accomplish the other parts of the research. The sample includes all the residents of 14 districts of Illam city among them, 383 persons were selected by Cochran formula to complete the questionnaires based on a Cluster sampling. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by a formal way and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (0.871). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (correlation and multiple regressions) were carried out. The findings revealed that variables of normalization, civil participation and social solidarity have a positive and meaningful effect. But the variables of linking to social networking and social security have a reverse effect and the variable of social trust has no effects on neighborhood sustainable development in Illam city.
Ali Reza Soleimani
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 125-137
Abstract
It seems that the rate of vulnerability of urban worn out buildings, especially in metropolises, beyond the oldness of construction, is due to various social, economic, managerial, and environmental factors that need to be investigated. Therefore, any planning to deal with hazards should pay enough attentions ...
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It seems that the rate of vulnerability of urban worn out buildings, especially in metropolises, beyond the oldness of construction, is due to various social, economic, managerial, and environmental factors that need to be investigated. Therefore, any planning to deal with hazards should pay enough attentions to the mentioned factors. The present study aims at investigating the barriers affecting rehabilitation of worn out residential buildings in five regions of Urmia city. The research type is exploratory and its method is descriptive-analytic. A total of 35 indicators have been selected in order to investigate the barriers of the rehabilitation of worn out buildings. The statistical population of the study comprises 53254 heads of households living in worn-out buildings. Household’s postal codes were obtained through the Urmia municipality's sources of information. Based on simple random sampling, 383 people were selected as the sample size from the household codes using the Cochran formula. Formal validity of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha formula based on oppinions of professors and experts as well as the final coefficient part of the questionnaire. Calculated Cronbach figures include 0.874 to 0.894. To complete a factor analysis, the number of variables were reduced to four significant factors namely; economic, managerial, social and environmental factors respectively. The findings showed that the economic factor with 85.7 per cent was the main barrier to rebuilding the worn out constructions in Urmia. Totaly, the four mentioned factors are capable of explaining 94.17 percent of the subject. Also, the results of the fuzzy topsis model and the spatial analysis rank regions as 1, 2, 3, 5, and 4, respectively. According to the findings, preparing and implementing the retrofitting programs with a financial support approach are necessary for the rehabilitation of Urmia worn out houses.
hojjat sheikhi; Rohalah Shasavari
Abstract
Cities are complex systems that are vulnerable to natural or human threats. The current dominant view in disaster and urban management has been the risk reduction approach. However, today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will allow them to quickly return to the pre-crisis (initial and ...
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Cities are complex systems that are vulnerable to natural or human threats. The current dominant view in disaster and urban management has been the risk reduction approach. However, today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will allow them to quickly return to the pre-crisis (initial and normal) state in the event of a crisis. Resilience is a new concept that is mostly used in dealing with unknowns and uncertainties. The overall goal of the present study is to evaluate the level of resilience of the city of Pol-e Dokhtar during a flood. In order to achieve the aforementioned goals, a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach was used. In order to measure the dimensions of resilience in the neighborhoods of Pol-e Dokhtar, 384 households were selected as a sample community using the Cochran formula. In order to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire in the SPSS software environment, statistical methods based on comparison of means, Friedman tests and regression were used. The TOPSIS model was used to rank the resilience of the neighborhoods. As a result, based on five resilience assessment indicators; the Basijian, Old Core (Hasteh Ghadimi) and Pasdaran neighborhoods have a more favorable situation than other neighborhoods in Pol-e-Dokhtar city. The East and West Coast neighborhoods (Sahel Sharghi va Gharbi) and Sazmaniha neighborhoods have the worst situation in terms of resilience against floods. The results of the Friedman test to determine the most important and influential resilience indicators of Pol-e-Dokhtar city showed that the physical index with an average of 3.533 and the economic index with an average of 3.251 were ranked first and second, respectively.
Hadi Zeraatkar; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi; Mohammad Sadegh Alipour
Abstract
In order to programming for employment creation and sustainable development of a region, it is necessary to have adequate knowledge of its situation and advantages. This paper, using Shift -Share Model, studies the relative advantage of GDP and the employment of main economic sectors in provinces of ...
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In order to programming for employment creation and sustainable development of a region, it is necessary to have adequate knowledge of its situation and advantages. This paper, using Shift -Share Model, studies the relative advantage of GDP and the employment of main economic sectors in provinces of Iran. In this model three effects including national growth, structural growth and competitive growth have been considered that lead to changes in the attractiveness of the major economic sectors for employees and producers. Accordingly, the advantages of major economic sectors including agriculture, industry and services in different provinces of the country have been identified and ranked in 2010 and 2014, using employment and value-added data of them. Regarding the employment, five provinces including Hormozgan, Semnan, Fars, Kerman, and Bushehr are absorbing labor force more quickly than others; and based on GDP, fourteen provinces including west Azerbaijan, Ardebil, Bushehr, North Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Fars, Qazvin, Qom, Kermanshah Gilan, Markazi, Hormozgan, Hamadan, and Yazd have been identified as engines of national development.
Mitra Ghafourian; Mina Peysokhan; Elham Hesari
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 129-144
Abstract
The issue of privacy has always been regarded as an essential criterion in designing and constructing Islamic cities. Since the existing pattern of house-building in Tehran tends to neglect the privacy principle, there exists a necessity to reintroduce it in modern Iranian architecture and culture. The ...
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The issue of privacy has always been regarded as an essential criterion in designing and constructing Islamic cities. Since the existing pattern of house-building in Tehran tends to neglect the privacy principle, there exists a necessity to reintroduce it in modern Iranian architecture and culture. The present study aims at investigating the issue of privacy in houses located within traditional parts of Tehran via analyzing typology. This would help the residents of those areas to renew and reapply the privacy principle at their residential apartments. In the present study a functional approach was adopted accompanied by a descriptive-analytical method of analysis. Using maps and field observations, houses from both traditional and modern era were selected in two quarters of Sanglaj and Imamzadeh Yahya in Tehran. The process of typology of entrance spaces was conducted based on the hierarchy of entry. The research findings indicate that there exists a kind of hierarchy of entrance in traditional houses based on the needs of their residents which is missing in modern houses, because it is neglected by the designers. Through creating such spatial features in entrance spaces, not only privacy is enhanced but also a proper definition of private and semi-private spaces can be achieved. Privacy enhancement will be effective to prevent the interruption in functions of other spaces. Accordingly, recognizing the spaces of entry can lead to providing a more appropriate pattern for enhancing privacy.
Hojatollah Khosravi Mal Amiri; Hossein Soleimani; Sayed Ramin Ghaffari; Ahmad Khadem al-Hosseini
Abstract
Assessing and measuring the resilience of rural communities is one of the most important tools in determining the sustainability of rural settlements when environmental hazards occur. In the Dehdez section, there are numerous rural and nomadic settlements and are prone to many environmental hazards throughout ...
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Assessing and measuring the resilience of rural communities is one of the most important tools in determining the sustainability of rural settlements when environmental hazards occur. In the Dehdez section, there are numerous rural and nomadic settlements and are prone to many environmental hazards throughout the year. Rural settlements and their inhabitants do not have adequate resilience in various dimensions in the face of environmental hazards. The purpose of this study is to explain the resilience pattern of rural settlements in Dehdez section of Izeh county. In the theoretical foundations section, various methods are explained based on previous research and theories, and then the conceptual model is presented. The study method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population under study includes all heads of households in rural areas above 20 households with 3003 people. The sample size was 341 according to Cochran's formula. The research tool includes a questionnaire with 60 questions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS software and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations. The results indicate that each of the coefficients of impact of environmental-natural, social and economic indicators, institutional-managerial and physical-spatial on the resilience of rural settlements located in the research area are 0.73, 0.40, 0.19, and 0.25 respectively. In the resulting resilience pattern of the present study, the rural settlements of Dehdez district are generally in good condition in terms of resilience. This pattern places more weight on the natural index than on the human. As a result, in terms of natural-environmental index and adaptation to environmental conditions, villages have the highest resilience and in the institutional-management index, which requires organizational, institutional and human actions and efficiency, have the lowest resilience.
Ahmad Bokharaei; Nader Sanati Sharghi; ShahBakhti Rostami; MohammadHasan Sharbatiyan
Abstract
Based on the definition of social happiness advocated by veenhoven, it can be posited that he considers happiness as the type of behavior that leads to desirable quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to define and analyze social happiness at urban areas. First of all, it should be noted that ...
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Based on the definition of social happiness advocated by veenhoven, it can be posited that he considers happiness as the type of behavior that leads to desirable quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to define and analyze social happiness at urban areas. First of all, it should be noted that one who drives happiness by spreading joy through energetic behaviors and expressions, charm, humors and passions in friendly and intimate circles is considered as belonging to the warm-type happiness promotion category. Further, one who conveys a good sense to others belongs to the cold-type happiness promotion category. After interviewing the happiness promoters in this study, we came across people who were the opposite of the former group. We labeled them as happiness reception, who absorbed joy and happiness in the intimate circles. Based on this classification, it should be stated that as far as social vitality in cities is concerned, the social happiness variable and its components play a significant role in the life of individuals and urban planning. Based on this process, in the present paper a mixed research methods was used. The first step involved a qualitative study (collective case study). The second step was a quantitative analysis (survey) and the last step was the point interpolation. Based on these three steps, a random and spatial-regional based sampling was conducted. The research area was the city of Mashhad and its districts during the second half of 2018. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview, an interview-based questionnaire, and a spatial distribution mapping of the findings on the urban areas. The results showed that the social vitality of citizens was at the average level. Meanwhile, districts (1-2-4-5) were lower than average; district 9 was at the average level and districts (3-6-7-8-10-11-12 and Samen area) were higher than average. In terms of the social happiness, districts 10-11-12 had the highest and districts 1-4-5 had the lowest social vitality. In the urban areas of Mashhad, districts 10 and 5 had the highest and lowest social vitality among the 13 urban districts of the city, respectively.
