Maryam RostamPisheh; Seyed Mohammadreza Nasir Salam; Said Tizghalam Zonouzi
Abstract
Those eco-tourism resorts that are principally built and are compatible to virgin rural environments are considered as the important elements of tourism services especially eco-tourism. One of the most important principles of such resorts is their architectural criteria. There are many eco-tourism attractions ...
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Those eco-tourism resorts that are principally built and are compatible to virgin rural environments are considered as the important elements of tourism services especially eco-tourism. One of the most important principles of such resorts is their architectural criteria. There are many eco-tourism attractions in Guilan province which is a suitable place for establishing eco-tourism resorts. The growing number of tourists in the study area necessitates enough attention to the architecture of such resorts. The aim of present study is to do an architectural comparative evaluation of two eco-tourism resorts namely Telarkhaneh Bordbar and Deylmay Gasht with special attention to their physical structure and related attributes. Required data was collected based on architectural parameters including physical structure, planning, atheistic and environmental indices through theoretical study and field observations. A qualitative method through deductive analysis was applied to assess the data. The results indicated that in compare to Deylmay Gasht, Telarkhaneh Bordbar resort is standing on a higher level of architectural structure and its construction is more different from native buildings. There exist family management and presentation of local culture and native arts in both resorts, but the architectural similarity with local buildings is more observable in Deylmay Gasht resort. Meanwhile, the lack of capital and high cost of traditional architecture apply to both resorts. Also, local people are interested in development and promotion of both resorts. The final result of the present study recommends betterment for Deylemay Gasht resort and improvement for Telarkhaneh Bordbar resort.
Shahram amir Entekhabi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 113-122
Abstract
During the last two decades, coastal areas of Caspian Sea have witnessed a rapid physical and spatial change in terms of converting farm lands into residential applications in rural areas. The process has been accelerated by emerging the second home phenomena, especially in settlements with a natural ...
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During the last two decades, coastal areas of Caspian Sea have witnessed a rapid physical and spatial change in terms of converting farm lands into residential applications in rural areas. The process has been accelerated by emerging the second home phenomena, especially in settlements with a natural attraction such as beaches. Converting farmlands into residential construction encompasses a considerable economic interests and this is the reason why farmers are not eager enough to continue their previous agricultural activities. Coastal villages of Hssan Roud-Zibakenar in Guilan province are considered as one of the most impacted areas by second home constructions. Based on a documentary-comparative method, the present study has compared the first and second Rural Conductor Plans (Tarh-e-Hadi) of Zibakenar area to review the physical and spatial changes occurred at the last two decades. For better understanding of socio-economic motivations behind the spatial changes, a field work was performed and appropriate questionnaire were completed. The results of field work show that there is an increasing trend among rural residents to convert their farmlands into residential lots for construction of second homes. Such a process not only has changed the socio-cultural contexture of the area, but also has changed the rural landscape and the structural-functional characteristics of rural area.
Yousef Darvishi
Abstract
Open spaces located in central neighborhoods of cities can be considered as the most important programmable spaces from a non-operational defense perspective. Since such spaces belong to the public or the public bodies, they can, in times of crisis, be used for relief and temporary accommodation of damaged ...
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Open spaces located in central neighborhoods of cities can be considered as the most important programmable spaces from a non-operational defense perspective. Since such spaces belong to the public or the public bodies, they can, in times of crisis, be used for relief and temporary accommodation of damaged people. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate and identify the limitations and possibilities of open spaces in district 1, Tabriz in terms of composition of masses and open spaces from the perspective of non-operating defense. For this purpose, various software applications are applied including: ArcGIS10, Auto cad, and Excel in order to zoning the spaces based on their different vulnerability levels and to analyze the data. The findings of the present research indicated that most old neighborhoods in district 1 Tabriz are vulnerable to the non-operating defense scale. Also, the structure of open spaces in the study area shows that more than 11.7% of the district is inappropriate spaces for the critical situations.
Reza Lahmian; Zahra Nabizadeh
Abstract
One aspect of the sustainability of urban development is balanced physical development in line with environmental, ecological, and socio-economic conditions. In the last decades of the twentieth century, despite many efforts in the field of sustainable physical-spatial development of cities, this issue ...
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One aspect of the sustainability of urban development is balanced physical development in line with environmental, ecological, and socio-economic conditions. In the last decades of the twentieth century, despite many efforts in the field of sustainable physical-spatial development of cities, this issue still remains one of the major challenges for geographers, urban planners, architects and urban planners. In many developing countries, accelerated urbanization and increasing urban populations have exacerbated environmental hazards. This is doubly important in small towns. Physical development, in addition to changing land use, has severely limited the basic needs of urban society, including the provision of safe and adequate water, per capita green space, urban waste management and environmental pollution. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of physical development on the instability of urban development from an environmental perspective in the city of Sorkhrud, using a descriptive-analytical method. To do this, first the physical development of the city using the Shannon entropy model was examined and then the role of physical development on environmental problems was evaluated through three components and seven criteria. The three components include; physical, functional and environmental, and the seven criteria were observance of standard land uses, urban furniture, observance of building height, urban green space, maintaining soil balance, land use change of agricultural land. The results suggest that unbalanced physical development has led to unorganized environmental instability in the city, such as land use change and increased environmental pollution. Green space development is the best option for moderating unbalanced physical development.
Mohamad Salavarzi zadeh Salavarzi zadeh; Hojat Sheikhi; Zaynab Shekari
Abstract
As an interface between the city and citizens, urban neighborhoods have formerly played a major role in shaping and organizing urban activities over the time. They also were encouraging the feelings of belongings, identity, and social relations among their residents by providing the required daily services. ...
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As an interface between the city and citizens, urban neighborhoods have formerly played a major role in shaping and organizing urban activities over the time. They also were encouraging the feelings of belongings, identity, and social relations among their residents by providing the required daily services. However, such neighborhoods don’t play any important roles in various urban plans and programs nowadays. Meanwhile, the idea of sustainable development at neighborhood level is recently emerging among urban planner circles again. Returning to the urban neighborhood solution is considered as a viewpoint that addresses the current problems of cities and urban life. It seeks possible ways to solve the problems using the powerful internal forces and existing social capitals. The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of social capital and its components in neighborhood sustainable development of Illam city. The applied method is analytical-descriptive. Documentary methods are used to complete the theoretical and literature reviews of the study. Field methods and questionnaires are used to accomplish the other parts of the research. The sample includes all the residents of 14 districts of Illam city among them, 383 persons were selected by Cochran formula to complete the questionnaires based on a Cluster sampling. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by a formal way and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (0.871). To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) as well as inferential statistics (correlation and multiple regressions) were carried out. The findings revealed that variables of normalization, civil participation and social solidarity have a positive and meaningful effect. But the variables of linking to social networking and social security have a reverse effect and the variable of social trust has no effects on neighborhood sustainable development in Illam city.
Ali Reza Soleimani
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 125-137
Abstract
It seems that the rate of vulnerability of urban worn out buildings, especially in metropolises, beyond the oldness of construction, is due to various social, economic, managerial, and environmental factors that need to be investigated. Therefore, any planning to deal with hazards should pay enough attentions ...
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It seems that the rate of vulnerability of urban worn out buildings, especially in metropolises, beyond the oldness of construction, is due to various social, economic, managerial, and environmental factors that need to be investigated. Therefore, any planning to deal with hazards should pay enough attentions to the mentioned factors. The present study aims at investigating the barriers affecting rehabilitation of worn out residential buildings in five regions of Urmia city. The research type is exploratory and its method is descriptive-analytic. A total of 35 indicators have been selected in order to investigate the barriers of the rehabilitation of worn out buildings. The statistical population of the study comprises 53254 heads of households living in worn-out buildings. Household’s postal codes were obtained through the Urmia municipality's sources of information. Based on simple random sampling, 383 people were selected as the sample size from the household codes using the Cochran formula. Formal validity of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha formula based on oppinions of professors and experts as well as the final coefficient part of the questionnaire. Calculated Cronbach figures include 0.874 to 0.894. To complete a factor analysis, the number of variables were reduced to four significant factors namely; economic, managerial, social and environmental factors respectively. The findings showed that the economic factor with 85.7 per cent was the main barrier to rebuilding the worn out constructions in Urmia. Totaly, the four mentioned factors are capable of explaining 94.17 percent of the subject. Also, the results of the fuzzy topsis model and the spatial analysis rank regions as 1, 2, 3, 5, and 4, respectively. According to the findings, preparing and implementing the retrofitting programs with a financial support approach are necessary for the rehabilitation of Urmia worn out houses.
hojjat sheikhi; Rohalah Shasavari
Abstract
Cities are complex systems that are vulnerable to natural or human threats. The current dominant view in disaster and urban management has been the risk reduction approach. However, today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will allow them to quickly return to the pre-crisis (initial and ...
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Cities are complex systems that are vulnerable to natural or human threats. The current dominant view in disaster and urban management has been the risk reduction approach. However, today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will allow them to quickly return to the pre-crisis (initial and normal) state in the event of a crisis. Resilience is a new concept that is mostly used in dealing with unknowns and uncertainties. The overall goal of the present study is to evaluate the level of resilience of the city of Pol-e Dokhtar during a flood. In order to achieve the aforementioned goals, a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach was used. In order to measure the dimensions of resilience in the neighborhoods of Pol-e Dokhtar, 384 households were selected as a sample community using the Cochran formula. In order to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire in the SPSS software environment, statistical methods based on comparison of means, Friedman tests and regression were used. The TOPSIS model was used to rank the resilience of the neighborhoods. As a result, based on five resilience assessment indicators; the Basijian, Old Core (Hasteh Ghadimi) and Pasdaran neighborhoods have a more favorable situation than other neighborhoods in Pol-e-Dokhtar city. The East and West Coast neighborhoods (Sahel Sharghi va Gharbi) and Sazmaniha neighborhoods have the worst situation in terms of resilience against floods. The results of the Friedman test to determine the most important and influential resilience indicators of Pol-e-Dokhtar city showed that the physical index with an average of 3.533 and the economic index with an average of 3.251 were ranked first and second, respectively.
Hadi Zeraatkar; Yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi; Mohammad Sadegh Alipour
Abstract
In order to programming for employment creation and sustainable development of a region, it is necessary to have adequate knowledge of its situation and advantages. This paper, using Shift -Share Model, studies the relative advantage of GDP and the employment of main economic sectors in provinces of ...
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In order to programming for employment creation and sustainable development of a region, it is necessary to have adequate knowledge of its situation and advantages. This paper, using Shift -Share Model, studies the relative advantage of GDP and the employment of main economic sectors in provinces of Iran. In this model three effects including national growth, structural growth and competitive growth have been considered that lead to changes in the attractiveness of the major economic sectors for employees and producers. Accordingly, the advantages of major economic sectors including agriculture, industry and services in different provinces of the country have been identified and ranked in 2010 and 2014, using employment and value-added data of them. Regarding the employment, five provinces including Hormozgan, Semnan, Fars, Kerman, and Bushehr are absorbing labor force more quickly than others; and based on GDP, fourteen provinces including west Azerbaijan, Ardebil, Bushehr, North Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan, Fars, Qazvin, Qom, Kermanshah Gilan, Markazi, Hormozgan, Hamadan, and Yazd have been identified as engines of national development.
Mitra Ghafourian; Mina Peysokhan; Elham Hesari
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 129-144
Abstract
The issue of privacy has always been regarded as an essential criterion in designing and constructing Islamic cities. Since the existing pattern of house-building in Tehran tends to neglect the privacy principle, there exists a necessity to reintroduce it in modern Iranian architecture and culture. The ...
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The issue of privacy has always been regarded as an essential criterion in designing and constructing Islamic cities. Since the existing pattern of house-building in Tehran tends to neglect the privacy principle, there exists a necessity to reintroduce it in modern Iranian architecture and culture. The present study aims at investigating the issue of privacy in houses located within traditional parts of Tehran via analyzing typology. This would help the residents of those areas to renew and reapply the privacy principle at their residential apartments. In the present study a functional approach was adopted accompanied by a descriptive-analytical method of analysis. Using maps and field observations, houses from both traditional and modern era were selected in two quarters of Sanglaj and Imamzadeh Yahya in Tehran. The process of typology of entrance spaces was conducted based on the hierarchy of entry. The research findings indicate that there exists a kind of hierarchy of entrance in traditional houses based on the needs of their residents which is missing in modern houses, because it is neglected by the designers. Through creating such spatial features in entrance spaces, not only privacy is enhanced but also a proper definition of private and semi-private spaces can be achieved. Privacy enhancement will be effective to prevent the interruption in functions of other spaces. Accordingly, recognizing the spaces of entry can lead to providing a more appropriate pattern for enhancing privacy.
Hojatollah Khosravi Mal Amiri; Hossein Soleimani; Sayed Ramin Ghaffari; Ahmad Khadem al-Hosseini
Abstract
Assessing and measuring the resilience of rural communities is one of the most important tools in determining the sustainability of rural settlements when environmental hazards occur. In the Dehdez section, there are numerous rural and nomadic settlements and are prone to many environmental hazards throughout ...
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Assessing and measuring the resilience of rural communities is one of the most important tools in determining the sustainability of rural settlements when environmental hazards occur. In the Dehdez section, there are numerous rural and nomadic settlements and are prone to many environmental hazards throughout the year. Rural settlements and their inhabitants do not have adequate resilience in various dimensions in the face of environmental hazards. The purpose of this study is to explain the resilience pattern of rural settlements in Dehdez section of Izeh county. In the theoretical foundations section, various methods are explained based on previous research and theories, and then the conceptual model is presented. The study method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population under study includes all heads of households in rural areas above 20 households with 3003 people. The sample size was 341 according to Cochran's formula. The research tool includes a questionnaire with 60 questions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS software and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations. The results indicate that each of the coefficients of impact of environmental-natural, social and economic indicators, institutional-managerial and physical-spatial on the resilience of rural settlements located in the research area are 0.73, 0.40, 0.19, and 0.25 respectively. In the resulting resilience pattern of the present study, the rural settlements of Dehdez district are generally in good condition in terms of resilience. This pattern places more weight on the natural index than on the human. As a result, in terms of natural-environmental index and adaptation to environmental conditions, villages have the highest resilience and in the institutional-management index, which requires organizational, institutional and human actions and efficiency, have the lowest resilience.
Ahmad Bokharaei; Nader Sanati Sharghi; ShahBakhti Rostami; MohammadHasan Sharbatiyan
Abstract
Based on the definition of social happiness advocated by veenhoven, it can be posited that he considers happiness as the type of behavior that leads to desirable quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to define and analyze social happiness at urban areas. First of all, it should be noted that ...
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Based on the definition of social happiness advocated by veenhoven, it can be posited that he considers happiness as the type of behavior that leads to desirable quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to define and analyze social happiness at urban areas. First of all, it should be noted that one who drives happiness by spreading joy through energetic behaviors and expressions, charm, humors and passions in friendly and intimate circles is considered as belonging to the warm-type happiness promotion category. Further, one who conveys a good sense to others belongs to the cold-type happiness promotion category. After interviewing the happiness promoters in this study, we came across people who were the opposite of the former group. We labeled them as happiness reception, who absorbed joy and happiness in the intimate circles. Based on this classification, it should be stated that as far as social vitality in cities is concerned, the social happiness variable and its components play a significant role in the life of individuals and urban planning. Based on this process, in the present paper a mixed research methods was used. The first step involved a qualitative study (collective case study). The second step was a quantitative analysis (survey) and the last step was the point interpolation. Based on these three steps, a random and spatial-regional based sampling was conducted. The research area was the city of Mashhad and its districts during the second half of 2018. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview, an interview-based questionnaire, and a spatial distribution mapping of the findings on the urban areas. The results showed that the social vitality of citizens was at the average level. Meanwhile, districts (1-2-4-5) were lower than average; district 9 was at the average level and districts (3-6-7-8-10-11-12 and Samen area) were higher than average. In terms of the social happiness, districts 10-11-12 had the highest and districts 1-4-5 had the lowest social vitality. In the urban areas of Mashhad, districts 10 and 5 had the highest and lowest social vitality among the 13 urban districts of the city, respectively.
Azadeh Sargazi; Mahdieh Pazhouhanfar
Abstract
Home is the origin and destination of life for human being. People leave their homes for work and social activities, and then they return to home as soon as they finish their works. But, the man's house is in a residential block behind some of the same-sized windows quiet identical, nowadays. Due to ...
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Home is the origin and destination of life for human being. People leave their homes for work and social activities, and then they return to home as soon as they finish their works. But, the man's house is in a residential block behind some of the same-sized windows quiet identical, nowadays. Due to its similarity tothe other houses, such a home is difficult to identify not only for guests but also for family members from outside. The sense of belonging is an emotional and meaningful relationship between the person and the place. Such emotional relationship would persuade people to return to home as a valuable resting place.In fact, the sense of belonging is an indicator by which one can measure the degree to which people are distinct from other places.The present study is a descriptive-analytical-applicable research that investigates the effect of physical factors of residential complexes on increasing the sense of belonging to one's place of residence based on a field study. The sample includes residents of Shahbaloot and Pardisan complexes in Gorgan city. Using Cochran formula, 262 persons were selected as the statistical sample. SPSS software was used for data analysis.Research findings show that "dimensions and size" and "spatial relationships and arrangement" had the greatest impact on the sense of belonging.
Seyed Mehdi Mousakazemi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 113-124
Abstract
Urban population in the period of about fifty-five years from the first census in 1956 to census 2014 become more than 8 times and the rate of urbanization has increased to more than 2 times. The highest annual growth rate of urban population occurred between two censuses in 1976 and 1986. In seven censuses ...
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Urban population in the period of about fifty-five years from the first census in 1956 to census 2014 become more than 8 times and the rate of urbanization has increased to more than 2 times. The highest annual growth rate of urban population occurred between two censuses in 1976 and 1986. In seven censuses the classification of population in cities shows small towns with populations of less than 25 thousand people increase in terms of numbers but in terms of contribution to the urban population of the country have experi-enced a significant decline. In contrast, the share of the population of large towns and me-tropolis has increased. Metropolitan Tehran, as center of population attraction acts in this periods and the other major cities in terms of population, were far away. Index of urban priorities has always been more than one although many provinces had differences that urbanization indicators show the them more precisely. Findings from this study indicate that distribution of urban areas in the country and the province is more balanced, but the urban population is more concentrated.
Kavoos alinezhad tayebi; Hassan Hosseini Amini
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 123-125
Abstract
Today the urban has a lot of vital and important military and civilian, are of great importance. Therefore, planning and action to reduce financial losses, physical, create safety and relative stability in important urban infrastructure is the most important subject in the design and urban planning. ...
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Today the urban has a lot of vital and important military and civilian, are of great importance. Therefore, planning and action to reduce financial losses, physical, create safety and relative stability in important urban infrastructure is the most important subject in the design and urban planning. Therefore, the aim of this research is Assessing the structure of Firozabad In terms of passive defense and Providing solutions for increased stability defenses Fits Defense and Security Needs and Geographical features. so, Methodology in this research is descriptive – analytical. so, has been identified Centers and users of vital, critical, and important city, by using Theoretical Foundations of passive defense and Carver Matrix theory and Finally It has been found The defense of the city Through the SWOT method. Results of research show that Principles of passive defense has not been regarded The location and concentration These uses in Firozabad and Centralization in the establishment of study centers, Not according to the principles of land use planning and defense, Camouflage, disappearance and … Is the weak point of the city. Therefore, according to the principles of passive defense in a strategic location centers and users, Decentralization of infrastructure and vital centers, sensitive and important city, According to city sustainability in urban development plans and Finally Creation and development of Urban Security are considered of the strategies To improve the sustainability of the city.
Mostafa Taleshi; Asadolah Ghobadi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 125-138
Abstract
High level of society’s safety and suitable access to infrastructure while disaster is occurred indicate social welfare development. Correct site-selection of relief center along with other land uses can be important factor in sustainable function in such a center with high safety in the time of ...
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High level of society’s safety and suitable access to infrastructure while disaster is occurred indicate social welfare development. Correct site-selection of relief center along with other land uses can be important factor in sustainable function in such a center with high safety in the time of an unforeseen occurrence.
Development of Karaj as a megalopolis in recent decade and lack of capability or enough time to organize urban fabrics and acceptable infrastructure has made problem in developing of the urban spaces. Due to different site selection criteria and role of each relief center in occurrence, fire station which is the most important center is considered for this study.
For achieving to suitable distribution of this land use in Karaj, district 4. Firstly, the site-selection model for fire-station centers based on four effective criteria including population, network of streets, radius of work, urban land use and fourteen sub-criteria and six stations is designed. Secondly, all relative criteria and indexes were weighted and surveyed by analytical hierarchy process, fuzzy logic and spatial analysis elements and finally presented the best station and related alternatives. Results of this study will be obtained a solution to organize the existing approach and help urban manager to make correct decision against space changes in further.
tahereh sadeghloo; Soudabeh Ahmadi; hamid shayan
Abstract
The rural environment is one of the elements of the spatial organization and the landscape of the village with its different physical, functional and semantic dimensions has a special importance and place in the visual organization of the rural environment. Changes in the lifestyle and needs of the villagers ...
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The rural environment is one of the elements of the spatial organization and the landscape of the village with its different physical, functional and semantic dimensions has a special importance and place in the visual organization of the rural environment. Changes in the lifestyle and needs of the villagers in recent years have also intensified and accelerated the process of landscape change. Therefore, the management and planning of these spaces, like a living entity in the suburbs of metropolises, require considerable attention. The present applied research with a descriptive-analytical method is aimed at identifying the indicators of landscape explanation and the extent of its changes in the villages on the outskirts of Mashhad metropolis. To collect data, documentary and field methods (questionnaire and observation) have been used, and data analysis has been done by (Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon and Friedman) tests. The results indicate that among the landscape components, the landscape identity component has changed the most. In fact, the occurrence of physical changes in the villages has caused a decrease in the sense of reminiscence, vitality, freshness, the degree of harmony of different spaces and the fading of local cultural values. Finally, the physical changes have caused "a further change in the identity dimension of the rural landscape". The results of Friedman's test show the highest change in the land use index among all the landscape indices. Therefore, landscape changes should be considered as the most important consequence of land use change.
Siavash Molaei; Abbas Saidi; Bijan Rahmani
Abstract
The nomadic lifestyle as the first social system of human society is accompanied by more difficulties than the rural and urban systems. Various strategies have been proposed by related planners and specialists in order to improve the quality of this way of life. One of the most important strategies is ...
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The nomadic lifestyle as the first social system of human society is accompanied by more difficulties than the rural and urban systems. Various strategies have been proposed by related planners and specialists in order to improve the quality of this way of life. One of the most important strategies is settlement of nomads. For this purpose, numerous nomadic centers (guidance and supportive) with different processes have been established for the settlement of volunteer nomads. According to the formation process of nomadic centers, the degree of acceptance and satisfaction of nomads from these centers is different. The purpose of the current research is to compare the formation process of nomadic centers and measure the acceptance and satisfaction of nomads in Kohrang area (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari). This research is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is documentary and field with a survey approach. The statistical population of the research includes settled nomadic households in the nomadic settlement centers of Kohrang district. The results show that the participation of the nomads in the implementation of the nomad settlement plan was more in the supportive centers than in the guidance centers. In terms of satisfaction, according to the results of one-sample T test, the level of satisfaction and acceptance of the nomads from the supportive centers (3.95) has been evaluated more than the guidance centers (3.26).
Abolfazl Meshkini; Elham Amirhajlou
Abstract
Urban development projects as a powerful and innovative political process is a result of the global neoliberalism project, which matures under unequal geographical development by covering up real social relations. This project infiltrates opposing but mutually beneficial groups, none of which are willing ...
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Urban development projects as a powerful and innovative political process is a result of the global neoliberalism project, which matures under unequal geographical development by covering up real social relations. This project infiltrates opposing but mutually beneficial groups, none of which are willing to withdraw from their interests. The purpose of this article is to make clear how rent appropriation continues through changes in urban development policies and projects in the last three decades in Tehran metropolis. The methodology of this article is based on the philosophy of critical realism and with a rethinking approach, it pays attention to the power and its consequences in urban planning and the class nature of urban development projects. The findings showed that there is a structural relationship between "urban development projects" and polarization in Tehran metropolis. Urban development projects, as a new way of producing the artificial environment, give priority to special economic interests compatible with the rent accumulation strategy and to a large extent ignore the interests and priorities of powerless social groups, including the urban poor and low-income classes. In addition, the urban development projects implemented in Tehran metropolis create a high level of rent gap, rent and land price increase, which lead to gentrification with a speculative and rent-seeking character.
رضایی rezaie; farhad azizpour; Asghar tahmasebi; sedighe hosseyni hasel
Abstract
Rural development as a goal or development strategy is emphasized by policy and planning systems in many countries. To achieve this goal, it is important to pay attention to the content and procedural principles of planning (rural development) based on theoretical-experimental literature and the attitude ...
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Rural development as a goal or development strategy is emphasized by policy and planning systems in many countries. To achieve this goal, it is important to pay attention to the content and procedural principles of planning (rural development) based on theoretical-experimental literature and the attitude of experts at different spatial levels, including the rural constellation. The present research has been done with the aim of providing a conceptual framework for planning the development of the rural constellation based on the viewpoints of experts. The research method is qualitative and exploratory based on interpretive approach. Also, the approach of content analysis (qualitative) has been used. The participants of the research were university experts, executive and local authorities. The sample size was determined based on theoretical saturation and the purposeful sampling method was used to select the participants. Data collection was done using documentary and field methods, form and semi-structured interview checklist. To analyze the data, the open, axial and selective coding technique was used in the Atlas TI software environment. Based on the findings, protection of limited natural-ecological resources, human-social capital, pseudo-endogenous rural economy, spatial justice, spatial integration and good rural governance were content principles, and integration, local community participation, spatiality, gradualism and simultaneity of preparation and implementation are the principles of the process that have formed the conceptual framework of planning the development of the rural system.
Abstract
Informal settlements are a symbol of instability in the economic, social and cultural systems of the urban community. The consequence of this instability is to increase the degree of vulnerability in various dimensions, including physical vulnerability. These areas have affected the quality of life of ...
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Informal settlements are a symbol of instability in the economic, social and cultural systems of the urban community. The consequence of this instability is to increase the degree of vulnerability in various dimensions, including physical vulnerability. These areas have affected the quality of life of the citizens with their problems, and on the other hand, managing this part of the city is different and difficult compared to other urban areas. According to the importance of threats of informal settlements against environmental hazards, the purpose of this article is to study the effective factors of physical vulnerability and modeling in the Asad Abadi neighborhood of Khorramabad. The research method is analytical-descriptive. In terms of purpose, the research method is applied-developmental. For data analysis, multivariate regression model, support vector machine model (SVM-ԑ) and random forest (RF) algorithm were used. The research findings showed that Assad Abadi neighborhood is in poor condition according to all physical indicators. From the perspective of residents of Asad Abadi neighborhood, the public service index with a regression coefficient of 0.429 has the most effect on physical vulnerability. Based on the evaluation criteria, the sigmoidal kernel model of the vector machine gives better results than the other methods. This model correctly predicts the physical vulnerability of informal residential complexes to hazards in more than 60% of cases.
Sedigheh Lotfi; Tina Esmaeili
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyle is an important risk factor for human well-being. Inactivity is an inappropriate lifestyle that is associated with anxiety and depression disorders. In recent years, the prevalence of inactive behaviors has increased. Several factors are involved in the increase of such behaviors. ...
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Unhealthy lifestyle is an important risk factor for human well-being. Inactivity is an inappropriate lifestyle that is associated with anxiety and depression disorders. In recent years, the prevalence of inactive behaviors has increased. Several factors are involved in the increase of such behaviors. Physical elements are one of these factors. Despite the extent of the health risks of inactive behavior and the increased mortality caused by it, limited studies have been conducted to show the relationship between physical characteristics and inactive behaviors. So far, no study has been conducted on this issue in Iran. Therefore, this research aims to examine the relationship and effect of physical drivers on inactive behavior. The statistical population of this research included the residents of district 3 of Sari city and 380 people were selected as sample size. The methodology of the research is based on descriptive-analytical approach. For data analysis, SPSS and GIS software and statistical methods of Phi coefficient test and multivariate linear regression were used. The findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between physical indicators and active behaviors, and the intensity of the relationship is high in most indicators. Among the variables, sidewalks (0.484), the infrastructure development related to green spaces along the pedestrian paths (0.391) and diversity of land-uses (0.378) had the greatest effect on reducing inactive behavior.
farzad mahmoudian; Vahid Riahi
Abstract
The most basic form of studying the stability of nomadic systems in the new structure of the network society is the way of their spatial interactions. In this direction, regional planning and dynamic networks with the analysis of the indicators of spatial flows in the form of categorization under the ...
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The most basic form of studying the stability of nomadic systems in the new structure of the network society is the way of their spatial interactions. In this direction, regional planning and dynamic networks with the analysis of the indicators of spatial flows in the form of categorization under the conceptual relationships of the elements of spatial social networks will lead to the sustainability of the productive group activity of nomadic activists in the ecosystem pairs. . The current research is based on the applied purpose and descriptive analytical research method. The required data has been obtained by documentary method. The study area of Shurab Tengzai district and the statistical population are the summer and Qashlagi systems of the Babadi tribe bio-ecosystem. Weighting of the research indicators was done using the F'ANP model process and data analysis was done using the VIKOR multi-criteria decision making method. Cluster analysis method and ARC GIS software were used to classify the studied systems in terms of stability levels, and linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting stability. The results of the research showed that out of 65 studied systems, ten systems are at the level of "relatively" stable interactions inside and outside the realm of the ecosystem in terms of access and availability of facilities (mobile education, fuel, electricity, internet network, road network), natural resources and artificially, 15 systems are in the category of low stability interactions, and 40 systems are in the category of unstable interactions.
zahra jahan; farhad azizpour; alireza estelagi
Abstract
The effectiveness of the country's cultural, social and economic program strategies in the development of rural areas is affected by the internal and external factors of these areas. The present research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors on the effectiveness of the ...
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The effectiveness of the country's cultural, social and economic program strategies in the development of rural areas is affected by the internal and external factors of these areas. The present research has been conducted with the aim of identifying the effective factors on the effectiveness of the strategies of the fifth plan in the development of the villages of Nazarabad township. The current research is qualitative in terms of methodology and developmental-applicative in terms of purpose. A semi-structured interview has been used to collect information and data. The participants in the research were two groups of experts from rural areas and experts from related executive bodies. The sampling used was purposeful sampling until theoretical saturation was reached, and finally 25 interviews were conducted with rural experts and executive bodies. A grounded theory approach has been used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the research, it has been concluded that the effectiveness of the strategies of the fifth development program, such as providing new services and preparing a priority plan for rural services, according to regional and local conditions; Organizing and establishing small and medium-sized production and service entrepreneurship and employment-generating activities in rural areas by providing financial and credit incentives, improving, renovating, reconstructing and securing the physical structure of the environment and rural housing based on the Islamic-Iranian architectural model with the participation of the people, the government and public institutions etc rural development has been influenced by internal and external factors. The supply and welfare system of the local community, strengthening of vital infrastructure, institutional-management capacity building, efficient monitoring and evaluation system, employment of expert manpower, promotion of social capital, coordination in the political and social structure of the established governments are among the factors that by analyzing the role of these factors in other rural areas, the policy making system can act in future development plans in a way to increase the effectiveness of the adopted strategies.
bahram imani; alireza ghane
Abstract
Tourism is recognized as a significant source of income and a crucial factor in the development of nations. Ecotourism lodges play a pivotal role in tourism development and sustainable rural development. Therefore, understanding the inhibiting and facilitating factors in the development of these lodges ...
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Tourism is recognized as a significant source of income and a crucial factor in the development of nations. Ecotourism lodges play a pivotal role in tourism development and sustainable rural development. Therefore, understanding the inhibiting and facilitating factors in the development of these lodges is essential. This research aims to identify and explain the inhibiting and facilitating factors in the development of ecotourism lodges from the perspective of experts in the villages of Ardabil Township (specifically, Vakilabad and Sham Asbi villages). This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing a sequential exploratory design conducted in two phases, qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, the range of variables and key indicators were identified through a scoping review. Subsequently, in the quantitative phase, a survey method using questionnaires was administered to a sample of 100 professionals, experts in ecotourism lodges, and local managers from the selected villages. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were assessed using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded a value of 0.937, indicating an acceptable level of reliability. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS3 software was used for data analysis. The findings revealed that economic factors (effect coefficient 0.817) and socio-cultural factors (effect coefficient 0.802) were significant inhibiting factors, while socio-cultural factors (effect coefficient 0.904) and economic factors (effect coefficient 0.816) were significant facilitating factors for the development of ecotourism lodges in the studied areas.
Sahar Nedae Tousi; GholamReza Kazemian; Bahareh Hardani
Abstract
Transfer of development rights (TDR), as a market-oriented mechanism, which arises after the inefficiency of urban development plans in the protection of valuable lands, seeks to balance the growth and development of the city by balancing public and private interests. In Iran, the TDR approach has been ...
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Transfer of development rights (TDR), as a market-oriented mechanism, which arises after the inefficiency of urban development plans in the protection of valuable lands, seeks to balance the growth and development of the city by balancing public and private interests. In Iran, the TDR approach has been introduced in recent decades; however, due to the lack of the necessary institutional bases, it has not been able to go beyond the theoretical field and enter the field of action. Similar to most parts of Iran, the inefficiency of urban development plans in conservation has led to the destruction of valuable orchards and agricultural lands in district 9 located in the western part of Isfahan, therefore an efficient mechanism such as TDR is necessary. The main questions of the present study are: what are the leading institutional barriers to the success of this mechanism? And how can the necessary institutional capacity are provided to realize the TDR approach by emphasizing the experience of district 9 of Isfahan? The present study, using documentary study methods (such as research mixing) and survey methods (such as semi-structured and structured interviews), first theoretically identifies institutional preconditions. It then identifies the perspectives of the four institutions involved (including people, owners, developers, and urban experts) in implementing TDR policy in district 9 in the form of an extracted conceptual framework. Finally, the results of this study are analyzed by analyzing the root factors using statistical methods such as Friedman and t tests and multivariate regression. As a result of the research, the implementation of this approach due to the existence of many institutional barriers such as low awareness, unwillingness to participate and lack of legal framework requires long-term and conscious plans to achieve success.
