Ahmad Pourahmad; Yaghob Abdali; Alireza Sadeghi; Sara AllahGholiPour
Abstract
Nowadays, a large number of cities and settlements are built in places that are exposed to natural or man-made disasters. So, addressing the physical problems of residential buildings of cities and explaining the concept of resilience are two essential issues to be considered. Thus, enough ...
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Nowadays, a large number of cities and settlements are built in places that are exposed to natural or man-made disasters. So, addressing the physical problems of residential buildings of cities and explaining the concept of resilience are two essential issues to be considered. Thus, enough attention should be paid to rehabilitating such problematic tissues. The study area comprises the central part of Hamedan, with 55387 inhabitants and 13663 residential buildings with an area of 29722351 square meters. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on methodology it is a descriptive-analytical one which follows a physical-structural approach. Investigated indices in the present study include: building structure, material types, number of floors, aggregation, building age, permeability, building quality and number of units. Spatial Autocorrelation method was used to explore patterns of regression and to weigh the spatial data layers. Also Spatial Autocorrelation technique of Moran (Aselin local Morans) has been applied to investigate the spatial distribution pf residential resielience prioritization. Results of the present study show that 22147924 square meters (74.52 percent of the total area), which includes 7280 building blocks locates in low-resielence to non-resielence range of measure. Such a situation necessitates a quick and mitigate planning for rehabilating the area specially in case of building structure, permeability, building quality and building age.
Asghar Norouzi; Elahe Ebrahimi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 93-109
Abstract
Governance as a new idea is replacing the concept of government. The concept of governance is based on cooperation between governments and civil societies. The fundamental principle of the concept is that instead of full responsibility for the country’s administration by the government, the citizens, ...
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Governance as a new idea is replacing the concept of government. The concept of governance is based on cooperation between governments and civil societies. The fundamental principle of the concept is that instead of full responsibility for the country’s administration by the government, the citizens, private sectors, and public institutions are also responsible for running the country. In recent decades, the approach has been developed in rural areas and modern management with a focus on rural district administration and Islamic Councils is one its manifestations. The present study, using descriptive-analytical method, investigates the realization of good governance indicators in rural areas of Lenjan County. The study is a practical type and the required data was collected by documentary-field methods. The statistical society includes all the villagers in which the sample was obtained by cluster random sampling method. Accordingly, views and international experiences were studied and explored, among them eight important indicators of good governance in sample villages were tested through completion of 250 questionnaires by the heads of households. The results of applying t-test showed that good governance indicators with total mean of 3.24 have been realized less than the desired level. Specifically, the indicators of justice and equality were higher than the desired mean of the researcher (3.5), but the rest were lower than the desired level. The result of kruskal-Wallis test to compare villages’ rankings also showed that there were significant differences between villages regarding realization of good governance. The results of applying one-way analysis variance (ANOVA) also showed that regarding good governance indicators villages were significantly different.
Ahmad Hami; Saadi Faraji; Farzin Emami
Abstract
Paying attention to the quality indicators of park formation can lead to coherence and social sustainability of cities. The present research is aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of regional parks in Tabriz in order to provide a suitable and practical solution for managers and designers ...
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Paying attention to the quality indicators of park formation can lead to coherence and social sustainability of cities. The present research is aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of regional parks in Tabriz in order to provide a suitable and practical solution for managers and designers of green spaces. Data collection was done using questionnaire which were completed by 300 park visitors. Different methods were applied for data analysis including descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and step by step regression. Using factor analysis, eleven sub-components were extracted with an alphfa greater than 0.7 of main components of the research. The main components include: access and communication, socialization, comfort and perspective, user and activity; and the sub-components include: accessibility, furniture, facilities and services, security, social groups, various social activities, meeting place, environment, quality of management, quality of maintenance, and design quality. The results of the analysis showed that accessibility, socialization, user and activities, comfort and perspective were ranked from the highest quality to the lowest one, respectively. Among the sub-components, environment is the most important factor in the quality of parks, and the importance of social groups, access to the park, security, meeting place, various social activities, furniture, and facilities were ranked in the following order, respectively. The results of Pearson test also showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between independent components (access and communication, socialization, comfort and perspective, user and activity) with the dependent variable (regional park quality). These components are also able to explain and define 54.6% of the quality of the regional parks (dependent variables).
Rahman Zandi; Mokhtar Karami; Jalal Taheri
Abstract
During the last four decades, the rapid growth of urbanization has dramatically transformed many natural phenomena. Such changes led eventually to changes in the Earth's surface temperature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between land use changes and spatial variations ...
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During the last four decades, the rapid growth of urbanization has dramatically transformed many natural phenomena. Such changes led eventually to changes in the Earth's surface temperature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between land use changes and spatial variations of thermal islands in Mashhad from 1998 to 2016. Thus, land surface temperature and land use changes of Mashhad were extracted using Landsat satellite imagery (1998- 2016). The CA Markov model has also been used to simulate and predict the expansion of Mashhad. From 1998 to 2016, the constructed area, green space, rangeland and barren lands are changed from 138.52, 46.49, 35.85 and 100.71 square kilometers to 198.87, 29.98, 31.29 and 64.62 square kilometers, respectively. Thermal islands in terms of number and extent in 1998 were less extensive and less synchronous than in 2016. In 1998 the maximum level of temperature was between 42 to 48 degrees Celsius but it reached 46 to 52 in 2016. With respect to the expansion of constructed area in the mentioned time period, the thermal islands are moved from outside of the city to the inside and have been overlapped with hard and impenetrable planes. The obtained results from the prediction illustrate that the expansion of city will occur in northwestern sides more than the others and it will be less in southern sides due to the existence of altitudes.
heidar lotfi
Abstract
Border markets are among the variables that affect the balance of economic space between the border regions of Iran and other regions of the country. The process of balancing can have positive and negative effects on the border regions and the rest of the country. The main question of the present study ...
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Border markets are among the variables that affect the balance of economic space between the border regions of Iran and other regions of the country. The process of balancing can have positive and negative effects on the border regions and the rest of the country. The main question of the present study is that how can the Iranian border markets, specifically Marivan border market have a convergening and overlapping role in balancing the other economic spaces of Iran? The present study attempts to apply the SWOT model by classifying and analyzing the internal and external factors as well as considering the economic strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the border markets to be balanced with the other economic spaces of Iran. To determine the weight of criteria, Analytica Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied. Results of the present study indicate that the optimal strategies to make a balance between border markets and other economic regions of the country are competitive strategies. The main goal of such strategies is to apply specific methods to prevent and eliminate the external threats (such as goods smuggling) by internal strengths. This strategy is related to the external situation of border markets that evaluates the negative points (the threats ahead) related to the outside. The goal of this strategy is to reduce the threats as much as possible.
Fazileh Khani; Somayeh Sadat Mousavi
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 99-116
Abstract
Geographical diffusion theory deals with description and explanation of quality and expansion of a phenomenon in a spatial extent and temporal span. It tries to explore the reasons and factors involved in diffusing and expanding the events and phenomena from a region to the others. It also tries to examine ...
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Geographical diffusion theory deals with description and explanation of quality and expansion of a phenomenon in a spatial extent and temporal span. It tries to explore the reasons and factors involved in diffusing and expanding the events and phenomena from a region to the others. It also tries to examine the role of such diffusions in physical development of rural areas. On the other side, there is a concept named entrepreneurship which is closely related to some other concepts such as: innovation, risk, creating or renewing socio-economic structure, self-sufficiency and independency. As entrepreneurship can be interpreted as an innovation, it interacts with diffusion theory and might be examined by the mentioned theory. The purpose of the present study is to understand the processes by which an entrepreneurship-distribution occurs based on the Hägerstrand’s diffusion model. The study area includes a rural district (Dehestan) named Souleghan in northwest of Tehran province. Based on its aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on its nature, it is a descriptive-analytical one. Statistical sample includes 82 rural households in Souleghan who were recognized as entrepreneurs in field of plant and flower growing. Data collection was based on both methods of documentary and field study. Applied techniques to collect the data comprise; interview, field observation, and a questionnaire based on Likert range. Findings of the present study indicate that the current diffusion of entrepreneurship in souleghan rural district is in accordance with the second stage of diffusion wave's profile. It also is matching with the intermediate step in the direction of S-curve of Hägerstrand’s diffusion theory. The results show that some characteristics of the mentioned enterprenuership (such as; simplicity, attractiveness, profitability, and economic features) are compatible with the experiences and financial needs of rural people. So, it can be considered as an effective factore to accept an innovation and diffusing it by innovators. It has also had spectacular effects on the physical improvement of houses, pathways and public spaces of villages in the study area.
Shahrivar Rostaei; Shiva Alizadeh
Abstract
Examining housing quality issues, among other things, is one of the key issues in housing planning. Housing is a physical place that is considered as a shelter and basic need of the family. The quantity and quality of housing reflects the socio-economic status of the city and many realities of society. ...
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Examining housing quality issues, among other things, is one of the key issues in housing planning. Housing is a physical place that is considered as a shelter and basic need of the family. The quantity and quality of housing reflects the socio-economic status of the city and many realities of society. Housing is an integrated part of the development of the national economy. Addressing housing indicators as the main planning tool can be considered as one of the most sensitive stages of planning. In order to ensure social growth, the housing sector, in addition to the housing unit itself, also includes the environment around it. Certainly, identifying housing quality levels in different urban areas is an effective step in explaining the quality of life and the sense of satisfaction of city dwellers. The indicators examined in the present study include indicators related to safe housing with sustainability and structural durability and a suitable living space. In the present article, an attempt is made to evaluate the quality of housing in Urmia metropolis based on available statistics. For this purpose, descriptive and analytical methods have been used based on the data available in the Statistics Center of Iran. The raw data in the Excel spreadsheet was converted to 35 indicators and entered into the SPSS software to perform factor analysis on them. To perform factor analysis, eight factors were identified, four of which were primary and the other secondary. The factors were then entered into the GIS environment and analyzed. The results indicate an unequal and inappropriate distribution of quality housing indicators in the city of Urmia. The results showed that 18.21% of the statistical areas are among the most deprived areas, 18.18% are deprived, 53.53% are average, 18.13% and 57.9% are completely deprived. It seems that more attention should be paid to areas 1, 2 and 3 to reduce inequalities to some extent. The results of this study showed that deprived clusters are appeared in regions 3 and 2, and delighted clusters in regions 1 and 4. This situation indicates the existence of class distance and dichotomy in urban space and the difference in having the studied indicators in 2011.
Masoud Safaeepour; safiyeh damanbagh
Abstract
The worn-out central texture of Ahwaz as the city's first core, faces some problems such as physical quality decline, access and traffic problems, overcrowding and population concentration due to its commercial nature and other factors. The existence of important monuments, cultural values, and most ...
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The worn-out central texture of Ahwaz as the city's first core, faces some problems such as physical quality decline, access and traffic problems, overcrowding and population concentration due to its commercial nature and other factors. The existence of important monuments, cultural values, and most importantly the commercial role of this area, necessitates the proper and sustainable approach to study and planning. Therefore, in this study, it was attempted to use the regeneration approach to identify the priority planning of worn-out central tissues of Ahwaz. The present study follows a descriptive-analytical method. To collect the descriptive data a library-documentary method was applied and to collect the analytical data a survey was conducted by which a questionnaire was formulated to collect the opinions of 40 experts in Ahwaz urban planning arena. To analyze the data, the Fuzzy Delphi Hierarchical Analysis model (FDAHP) and linear regression in SPSS software were used. Findings of the present study indicated that in the relative fuzzy weighting for the dimensions of research, the economic regeneration component of the worn-out central fabric of Ahwaz has the highest relative weight at this stage and the cultural regeneration is second. At this stage, the environmental remediation component has been evaluated by experts with less priority. Therefore, according to Ahwaz experts, economic re-creation is the main concern in the worn-out central texture of Ahwaz.
Esmaeil Aliakbari; Majid Akbari
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 86-100
Abstract
Infill development is a complex and multifaceted category. The importance of this development policy lies in sustaining the city and protecting its perepherial environment. This paper attempts to identify the areas of infill development, using a descriptive-analytical method and documentary data, and ...
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Infill development is a complex and multifaceted category. The importance of this development policy lies in sustaining the city and protecting its perepherial environment. This paper attempts to identify the areas of infill development, using a descriptive-analytical method and documentary data, and to identify the programs and priorities of the physical development scenario of Tehran metropolitan. The results show that based on a regional and land use prospect, Tehran does not have a same capacity and infill opportunities for all its regions. Thus, the physical development scenario of Tehran needs to pay more attention to the issue in order to reach an internalized development. Reaching such development requires the following attempts as primary bases for a physical development scenario: prioritizing the peripheral areas and areas requiring intervention, utilizing the potential of infill land use for new development in a short period of time, identifying alternatives and spaces for deployment in the areas of redevelopment, preventing the segregation, preserving the integrity of new and redeveloped reserves for settling down of the population, the creation of multifunctional functions and revitalization of target areas in a worn-out textures based on a bottom-up planning approach.
Tajeddin Mansouri; Heydar Jahanbakhsh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 89-102
Abstract
In the last three decades of the twentieth century to the early development of psychol-ogy as the environment changes, scientific, technological and cultural life in the physical environment emerged. The impact of these developments and current issues in environ-mental psychology and behavioral science ...
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In the last three decades of the twentieth century to the early development of psychol-ogy as the environment changes, scientific, technological and cultural life in the physical environment emerged. The impact of these developments and current issues in environ-mental psychology and behavioral science principles to the design of urban space and time are based on. Then the theoretical aspects of the topics discussed , and the organs of perception as it was considered very important. Fundamental understanding of the urban environment made people understand the meaning of what it is. Quality of space , place, identity , social interaction and non- verbal communication and socialization areas defined what the attitude of people in urban form. These areas, especially in urban land-scapes cultural context - the historical markers of identity and sense of place in relation to the environment and human and spiritual needs of human beings are in other words sense of place and identity in a particular place by increased human contact with the environ-ment and therefore improve the quality fabric and urban landscape are. This study aimed to investigate how to improve the urban landscape through the body and revive cultural values - the historic Modares Street Kermanshah, techniques using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been made. Research findings based on questionnaire data in two views of experts and non- experts approach , EXPERT CHOICE software are analyzed. These results indicate areas of effective and important component of the urban landscape design instructor streets to achieve their research goals. Our results also demonstrate the practical application of the elements in landscape design instructor Street toward restor-ing cultural values - are the historic city .
Mostafa Taleshi; Shahbakhti Rostami; Esmail Aliakbari; Hamidreza Vejdani
Abstract
The uncontrolled human activities and overuses of land and resources are the main causes of land use changes in a regional scale. The political ecology as a theoretical approach can be applied to shed a light on the quality and rate of human interventions and their impacts on land use system. The process ...
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The uncontrolled human activities and overuses of land and resources are the main causes of land use changes in a regional scale. The political ecology as a theoretical approach can be applied to shed a light on the quality and rate of human interventions and their impacts on land use system. The process of land use change in rural areas of Iran as well as Hamedan county has experienced a fast track. A prominent example of such changes is the expansion of construction in agricultural, garden and pasture lands around the rural settlements in forms of villas, second homes and rural houses extensions. The present study tracks the changes of land use in agricultural lands, pastures, constructions, barren lands and water bodies in peripheral villages of Hamedan city using Landsat imagery during 1998-2017. The applied method to the present study is a descriptive-analytical with an applicable approach which uses both quantitative and qualitative patterns of research. GIS was used for quantitative analysis and creating map layers. For qualitative analysis, the emphasis was on participatory approaches. Then, the obtained data and information were combined, categorized, and ranked using A’WOT method. The results of the study showed that some factors such as: slope, rainfall, soil fertility and rural population changes did not have a significant effect on land use change. Also, contrary to claims, it was indicated that poorer groups of the society are less affective actors of land grabbing and land use changes than the rich groups. Distance from Hamedan city and its surrounding highways have had a significant effect on land cover changes. According to the results of the present research, human factors, especially political factors, power and wealth relations were the most important factors of land use and land cover changes in the study area.
Hassan Darabi; Sajad Sortiji
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 99-112
Abstract
Strategic assessment is a method for improving the processes of decision making, policy, and planning. Land use suitability evaluation is a method for strategic assessment of environment. Based on its intrinsic logic, land use suitability assessment method has proper capabilities for strategic assessment. ...
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Strategic assessment is a method for improving the processes of decision making, policy, and planning. Land use suitability evaluation is a method for strategic assessment of environment. Based on its intrinsic logic, land use suitability assessment method has proper capabilities for strategic assessment. The method tries to shed a light on the issue of how close are the implemented planning projects to the strategic goals. The present study applies Land use Suitability Index (LSI) at district one of Tehran to achieve the following goals: the extent to which a program has influenced the improvement of the present status, and if the method is able to find the proper answers for existing problems and questions. The findings of the present study showed that the applied method is suitable to find the proper answers. It also showed that implementing the proposed method in district one of Tehran has led to relative improvement of the proposed program. It means that improvement has been achieved by decreasing the land use incompatibility and increasing the relative land use compatibility. The results also indicated that if enough attention is paid to some critical parts, even more improvement will be achieved and there would be greater possibility for higher levels of urban development.
Farhad Azizpour; Javad Alibeigi
Abstract
One of the most important challenges of developing countries is a lack of precise vision on possible concequences of development programs and projects to be conducted. It necessitates the evaluation of impacts of relocating and resettlement strategies in rural areas. The present study was aimed at evaluation ...
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One of the most important challenges of developing countries is a lack of precise vision on possible concequences of development programs and projects to be conducted. It necessitates the evaluation of impacts of relocating and resettlement strategies in rural areas. The present study was aimed at evaluation of economic, social, environmental, and physical-spatial concequences of resettlement strategy in two villages of Larini Olia and Larini Sofla in Sirvan county, Illam province. Based on type, the present study is a descriptive-analytical research. Required data were collected trough documentary and field methods. The statistical community included 129 households, of them 84 were selected by Chocran and random methods as a sample. Data analysis was done by T test in SPSS software. The questions posed by the present study include: what are the opinions of rural residents about executing the policy of rural resettlement? And, how do they evaluate its concequences bsed on the necessity of project and their satisfaction of such resettlements? The results indicated that the necessity of resettlement was evaluated by rural respondents as "very high" with a mean equals to 4.27, and their satisfaction of resettlement was "high" with a 3.88 mean figure. Moreover, the various impacts of resettlement on villages were ranked as follows: physical-spatial component with an average of 4.08 (as high), environmental component with an average of 3.70 (high), social component with 3.43 (high), and economic component with 2.93 as moderate rank respectively. The mentioned figures were used as a basis for the research theoretical framework.
Davood Mahdavi; Mojtaba Hatami
Abstract
The Eco-village is a model for promoting sustainable living by removing environmental, social and economic destabilization through the implementation of sustainable structures and practices in rural areas. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the status of key indicators of eco-village ...
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The Eco-village is a model for promoting sustainable living by removing environmental, social and economic destabilization through the implementation of sustainable structures and practices in rural areas. The main purpose of the present study is to evaluate the status of key indicators of eco-village pattern in tourist villages on the margins of Choghakhor wetland. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytic in nature. A researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability of 0.89 was used to evaluate the key indices of eco-village in the studied touristy villages. The statistical population of the study consisted of all local residents and tourists present in Choghakhor. The sample size in this study was 311 persons estimated according to Cochran formula with error of 0.05. The results show that the studied villages are not in desirable condition in terms of all three dimensions of eco-village, because the mean value of the results is just 2.76. The results also show that the natural dimension indices of eco-village pattern are better than other dimensions and indices in the studied villages. Socio-economic indices are in the following ranks. Therefore, the following three solutions can be offered: 1- Efforts to attract domestic and foreign investment, 2- Supporting useful and early plans for environmental efficiency, and 3- Incorporation of ecovillage projects as national plans by local and regional authorities.
Akbar Rahimi; Meisam Moharrami; Saadi Faraji
Abstract
Urban green spaces and parks are considered as a critical component of the urban planning process. Spatial distribution of parks is an important factor in proper accessibility of urban residents to such services. The present study aims at evaluating the coverage of service areas that urban parks provide ...
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Urban green spaces and parks are considered as a critical component of the urban planning process. Spatial distribution of parks is an important factor in proper accessibility of urban residents to such services. The present study aims at evaluating the coverage of service areas that urban parks provide for people as well as their functions in 10 urban regions of Tabriz city using network analysis and FAHP methods to find the optimal location for expanding and developing the green spaces. The network analysis was done using land use and transit network maps. Then, based on eight effective locational criteria, the location of urban parks was completed. The results indicated that central regions of the city have better access to the neighboring parks than the others. Also, access to local parks is not proper in east, north-west and south areas of Tabriz, but other areas do so. Accessibility to district, regional, and urban parks is suitable in western, eastern and south-eastern parts of Tabriz. Application of FAHP to locating green spaces showed that central and eastern regions of Tabriz are more suitable for creating and expanding the parks and green spaces.
Reza Lahmiyan
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 109-119
Abstract
Human has always sought shelter starts with the creation of human civilization is gradually making the city occurred. Increase social interaction between humans and characteristics of urban communities today due to the creation of different patterns and it also has been developed. According to ...
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Human has always sought shelter starts with the creation of human civilization is gradually making the city occurred. Increase social interaction between humans and characteristics of urban communities today due to the creation of different patterns and it also has been developed. According to the city's multi-faceted phenomenon and dynamic, forecasting, planning and perfect for all of it absolutely does not exist. The pattern of growth and physical development as spatial pattern of human activities at a time when certain defined into two main categories: horizontal expansion of urban sprawl and model compact city is divided to review this template to achieve sustainable urban development will be essential. In the study ahead of Sari in Mazandaran province and one of the city's center is also using the a descriptive – analytical Analytical for six decades between the years 1335 to 1395 were examined. The highest population density in the first decade of 1335 with 238.8 persons per hectare and the lowest decade in terms of population density of 70.8 persons per hectare is about 1355. The purpose of this study was to identify and measure physical growth pattern of Sari in different periods that to achieve a balanced distribution of degree, degree of aggregation, density and size of Metropole has been used. By surveys that show results The city is looking at expanding the space of slow growth and the relative density With early onset of urbanization and uncontrolled migration from rural to urban areas, where development occurs very rapidly, It may be scattered or spread of irregular horizontal growth pattern for the city imagine the consequences would be the undesirable as well.
Mohammadreza Karami; Sohrab Amirian
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 110-124
Abstract
Risk zoning is an important approach to the pre-crisis management process, which assists planners and managers to be prepared for reducing vulnerability. The key issue is the selection of vulnerability criteria and how these criteria are combined. It is also important to select the suitable model ...
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Risk zoning is an important approach to the pre-crisis management process, which assists planners and managers to be prepared for reducing vulnerability. The key issue is the selection of vulnerability criteria and how these criteria are combined. It is also important to select the suitable model that can best illustrate the vulnerability. The city of Tabriz, from the viewpoint of size, industrial, economic, social and cultural conditions, is considered as the metropolis of northwest of the country, however, its proximity to a large and active fault has created an unfavorable condition for the city. In the present paper, using IDRISI and ArcGIS software, 15 selected criteria have been analyzed. Also, a combination of Fuzzy and AHP logic models were applied to analysis of vulnerability of urban areas and their population. The results showed that regions 10 and 1 of city municipality have the worst possible conditions respectively. Conformation of the results to the existing situation indicates the high accuracy of the chosen model for zoning the earthquake hazard.
Mohammad MirzaAli; Abdol Hamid Nazari; Majid Ownegh
Abstract
Nowadays, recognizing the ways to achieve sustainability has dramatically changed through different patterns of vulnerability reduction in rural planning and disaster management. The attitude to natural hazards has also changed, and the dominant view has shifted from focusing on reducing "vulnerability" ...
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Nowadays, recognizing the ways to achieve sustainability has dramatically changed through different patterns of vulnerability reduction in rural planning and disaster management. The attitude to natural hazards has also changed, and the dominant view has shifted from focusing on reducing "vulnerability" to improving "resilience". According to figures, "floods", storms and earthquakes have caused the greatest damages and casualties to human societies. Iran and Golestan province are not exceptional. Results of the present study show that 215 villages are facing the permanent danger of flood. In recent years, measures have been taken to reduce vulnerability, especially in case of physical dimensions of villages in Golestan province; however, enough attention has not yet been paid to effective attempts for measuring resilience against the flood risks. Therefore, based on systemic and sustainable development approaches the main goal of the present research is analyzing and measuring the relations between physical-environmental, economic, social, and institutional factors of rural communities with the rate of their resilience against flood in Gorganroud watershed. This research is a fundamental-applied study and has been completed based on a descriptive-analytical method. The study area contains 106 villages with 22,942 households. Using multistage and random cluster sampling and Cochran formula, 31 villages with 318 households were selected as the sample size. Validity of the questionnaire was verified using the Delphi method and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by the total amount of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the rural household questionnaire α1= 0.86 and for the rural managers (Dehyar) questionnaire α2= 0.89. The overall results of the present research showed that there is a significant relationship between the environmental-physical, and social components of the study areas and the resilience of the inhabited communities against the floods. But there is not a meaningful relationship between the economic components of these villages and the resilience of their inhabitants in dealing with floods. Meanwhile, the average resilience of various dimensions of entire sub-basins of the study area was often ranked as "moderate to weak" grouping. The average figures for resilience of various dimensions were as follows: environmental-physical 2.89, social 3.68, institutional 2.92 and economic 2.64. These figures confirm the “moderate to weak” grouping of the area against flood resilience. In conclusion, it can be said that rural households in sub-basins of ChehelChai, Ghurechai and TilAbad and Sofla of Gorganrood have an overall moderate resilience, and rural households in sub-basins of Madarsoo, Rudbar-Mohammad-Abad-Zaringol and Sarisoo locate at an overall weak resiliency group.
Rahmatollah Bahrami
Abstract
The healthy village project aims at creating a suitable village for living and promoting the health of community members through their participation. Housing is considered as one of the important projects of the healthy village. The present study aims at evaluating sustainable housing indices by descriptive-analytical ...
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The healthy village project aims at creating a suitable village for living and promoting the health of community members through their participation. Housing is considered as one of the important projects of the healthy village. The present study aims at evaluating sustainable housing indices by descriptive-analytical method in Kurdistan province. Findings of the present study indicated that 48 percent of rural settlements in Kurdistan province do not have access to enough sun light, 73 percent of the villages lack safe drinking water, in 82 percent of villages the sewage systems is not covered, and 48 percent of houses are considered as low-durable structures. The analytical results based on the t-test showed that of 22 studied variables, only 4 cases were above the average. Also, the results showed that according to comparative studies with the average figures of the country, the most rural houses of Kurdistan province located in the unhealthy category. Therefore, one of the strategies for sustainable housing is low interest loans and designing houses in accordance to environmental conditions of villages.
ahmad hajarian
Abstract
Since natural hazards cause severe social, economic, cultural, physical, and functional disruptions in cities, promoting urban resilience not only helps maintain the initial performance of cities, but also leads to their improvement and prosperity after the occurrence of hazards. The aim of the present ...
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Since natural hazards cause severe social, economic, cultural, physical, and functional disruptions in cities, promoting urban resilience not only helps maintain the initial performance of cities, but also leads to their improvement and prosperity after the occurrence of hazards. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting urban resilience. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, interpretive and analytical in nature, and qualitative and quantitative in terms of method. Grand Theory, Delphi, and finally Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM) models were used to analyze the data. The statistical population in the present study includes experts and elites in the field of urban planning in general and urban management in particular. Purposive sampling was used to collect data, and finally (30) people were selected as a sample. In the present study, categories including economic, social, cultural, and physical were identified as effective factors in urban resilience. Then, using the Delphi method in two stages of the survey; the experts' agreement was announced regarding the factors raised. The results of the self-interaction matrix showed that the economic factor has an effect on other factors. The physical factor, which is the most important factor in urban resilience, is affected by other factors and does not have an effect on another factor by itself.
Seyed Ramin Ghafari; Asiyeh Miri
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 117-128
Abstract
Like other biosystems, rural settlements are subject to varying dynamism and transformations due to their spatial positions and locations. They are affected by their spatial-locational positions and have always undergone changes over time. But the question is whether this transformation has been commensurate ...
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Like other biosystems, rural settlements are subject to varying dynamism and transformations due to their spatial positions and locations. They are affected by their spatial-locational positions and have always undergone changes over time. But the question is whether this transformation has been commensurate with the needs of the rural community? In the present study, not only the changes in the pattern and performance of rural houses are considered, but also it analyzes the role of spatial-locational factors affecting the typology of rural housing. Attention is also paid to the extent and scope of such structural changes in accordance with today's circumstances. Since the current study is based on a futuristic approach, it is considered as a development-oriented research in order to emerge a new thought. Both documentary and field methods were applied to collect required data and information. For the first, relevant books, articles, reports, documents, annual reports and other sources of information were reviewed, and for the second, 10 villages of a rural district namely western Kayar were selected as samples in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province. After completing the questionnaire, the data were processed using SPSS software. Findings of the present study suggest that: from a spatial-locational viwpoint, socio-cultural and economic components have more influence on the type of rural housing than the natural-ecological components. It also was confirmed that spatial processes have different effects on different places. The results show that, due to the profound functional transformations in rural houses in the study area, the adaptation to the natural environment has largely been replaced by adaptaion to urban plans. Therefore, There is a need to introduce a proper spatial-locational pattern to be in accordance with environmental characteristics and cultural features of the region. Such a pattern can deal with the heterogeneities and abnormalities that overwhelm the texture and pattern of the villages.
Shahbakhti Rostami; Mostafa Taleshi; Ghadir Firouznia
Abstract
At the present, Payam-e-Noor University (PNU) has more than 500 educational centers and units around the country. The need for rational management of this university requires that new management technologies be used at different levels. The relatively large number of centers, students and users of educational ...
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At the present, Payam-e-Noor University (PNU) has more than 500 educational centers and units around the country. The need for rational management of this university requires that new management technologies be used at different levels. The relatively large number of centers, students and users of educational services at Payam-e-Noor University has created a huge amount of data and information. It seems that managing and organizing this amount of data is not in the power of a particular person or persons, even if they are very strong managers. In most cases, managers and officials do not have accurate statistics and information on the various situations of the centers under their management. This can lead to insufficient knowledge and sometimes incorrect decisions in university administration. On the other hand, sometimes the amount of information and data is so large that many people feel lost in the seemingly unrelated mass of information. Creating a comprehensive database containing all the data, statistics, figures and various information related to the centers and units can help manage and organize them. The present study is based on the data of Golestan Comprehensive System of Payam-e-Noor University from 2014 to 2017. In this study, before testing any hypothesis or examining the relationships between variables, the emphasis is on creating a comprehensive database for Payam-e-Noor University that can be used in the environment of geographic information systems. Based on this database and according to different research or administrative-executive needs, various analyzes of this database can be performed. The results of this study are in the form of a comprehensive database in the environment of geographic information systems, which as a powerful tool can provide managers with appropriate and useful solutions. Managers can make the right and effective decisions based on it. Therefore, using the results of this research can lead to better management at the level of central organization, provinces and centers and units of the PNU.
Hasan Hekmatnia
Abstract
The growth and development of urbanization has a major impact on the supply of land for construction and urban development in urban areas. Widespread use of urban land for residential use has led to the horizontal expansion of cities and the increase in vacant land within cities, which has rapidly expanded ...
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The growth and development of urbanization has a major impact on the supply of land for construction and urban development in urban areas. Widespread use of urban land for residential use has led to the horizontal expansion of cities and the increase in vacant land within cities, which has rapidly expanded the suburbs. In this regard, the paradigm of intensive urban development, smart growth and the use of vacant land within the city to achieve social and spatial stability and equity are presented. The present article aims to explain how the city of Yazd as a desert and arid city is compactly and extensively developed using the concept of urban density. According to the surveys carried out during the years 1966-2016, the area of Yazd city has increased by about 19.5 times and its population has increased by 6.5 times. During these years, the sharp decrease in gross population density and its significant gap with net population density (154.6) indicate that the city is over-stretched and more spaces are left vacant and inactive in Yazd. An examination of the components of development in Yazd shows that if there is no growth in the outer and surrounding areas in the coming years, all future growth and physical expansion of the city will be limited to the use of vacant land. Within the next 25 years, Yazd will not need to increase its area, and the existing area of the city will meet the residential and non-residential needs of its citizens.
Mostafa Taleshi; Asadollah Heidari
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 101-114
Abstract
One of the main challenges of the territorial space planning system, especially local-regional spaces in Iran, is the functional disruption of urban and rural settlements, followed by structural-functional disorientations of the settlement system. One of the effective approaches in balancing disruption ...
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One of the main challenges of the territorial space planning system, especially local-regional spaces in Iran, is the functional disruption of urban and rural settlements, followed by structural-functional disorientations of the settlement system. One of the effective approaches in balancing disruption and balance adjustment toward a balanced and sustainable pattern is the regional network pattern. Regarding this issue, some settlement systems are in the early stages of formation and some suffer from the damage caused by the changes in the transition from unbalanced network to a balanced one. The settlement system of Hashtroud-Charoymagh district is faced the structural - functional barriers in the early stages of the formation of a regional network system. In the present study, an inductive research method along with a combination of quantitative and qualitative techniques is applied to test the factors and forces influencing the formation of regional network. For quantitative analysis, we have used the Nodexl network analysis, GIS, AHP model, and clustering techniques. In qualitative method, regular interviews with stakeholders were conducted to recognize the flow of goods, information and capital in the region. Research findings showed that the spatial flows of primary economic activities which affect the formation of a regional network were incomplete in rural settlement’s physical system, or were following a one-way pattern. In order to modify the structural constraints and strengthen the functional system of rural settlements in the Hashtroud-Charoymagh area, the following attempts need to be done: applying supportive policies and investment of related government institutions, increasing the rate of rural participation, and creating productive foundations by rural stakeholders. Such attempts might lead to form a regional network that would be in interaction with other transnational and national networks.
Ghadir Firouznia; Mohammad Reza Rabbani
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 103-112
Abstract
Human settlements as a spatial phenomenon always are influenced by Different nat-ural and human factors and are changing during all times. One of these affecting factors is industry. In Iran, the industry as other countries have had excessive changes in society in particular changes in rural settlement ...
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Human settlements as a spatial phenomenon always are influenced by Different nat-ural and human factors and are changing during all times. One of these affecting factors is industry. In Iran, the industry as other countries have had excessive changes in society in particular changes in rural settlement to urban settlement. This article, by relying on descriptive – analytical method, intends to illustrate the impact of industry on the devel-opment of Nazarabad. by using secondary data. Industrial development in this settlement caused village Nazarabad with a population of 799 people and area of 6 acres in 1335 to a city with a population of 97722 and area of 3574 acres in 1385.
