Leila Vossoughi; Sadegh Khoshnamak; Abdollah Sedighi
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 46-55
Abstract
Ecotourism is a strategy of tourism development based on environmental protection and local community welfare. It has been associated with successful experiences in different places of the world. The role of ecotourism in supplementing and integrating rural development is accepted as a bottom line in ...
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Ecotourism is a strategy of tourism development based on environmental protection and local community welfare. It has been associated with successful experiences in different places of the world. The role of ecotourism in supplementing and integrating rural development is accepted as a bottom line in the world. Various factors are involved in the process of development and prosperity of ecotourism including green marketing as an important one. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of green mixed marketing in rural ecotourism development. The sample comprises 200 tourists and visitors of Ghare Su village who have been selected based on a random method. Questionnaire was used to collect the data and SPSS21 and Lisrel8.5 software were applied to statistical data analysis. Results of the study showed that all green mixed marketing elements such as green product, green price, green promotion and green place have affected the ecotourism development in Ghareh Su village as the case of the present study. Among the mentioned elements of mixed marketing, the green promotion is the most important factor in rural ecotourism development. In conclusion, it is suggested that due to the importance of green promotion to ecotourism attractions in the village, special attention should be paid to environmental issues and to inform the tourists and local community about the measures and activities that have been taken to protect the environment and reduce its negative impacts.
Mohammad Ghasemi Siani; Hasan Afrakhteh; Vahid Riyahi; Farhad Azizpour
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 47-64
Abstract
The occurred changes in rural areas along with their complex and various dimensions are considered as one of the main subjects of contemporary geography. Such changes include: 1- changes of physical vision of rural space in form of unbalanced expansion of rural settlements, farming patterns, new forms ...
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The occurred changes in rural areas along with their complex and various dimensions are considered as one of the main subjects of contemporary geography. Such changes include: 1- changes of physical vision of rural space in form of unbalanced expansion of rural settlements, farming patterns, new forms of agricultural and industrial facilities; 2- subtle social changes in form of discontinuity of social cohesion, cooperation, social order and calmness; 3- rural statistics changes in form of agricultural employment, number of households, and number of migrants. From a political viewpoint, all these changes can be considered as a threat for rural life authenticity. Using villagers’ participation and qualitative methods, the present study tries to investigate the occurred physical changes in villages of BonRoud and Julgeh division, Isfahan county. To do so, twenty seven targeted interviews were conducted. Required analysis was done based on the basic theory. The results indicate that some factors are involved in changes occurred in rural residency style such as: the influence of urban culture, improvement of human capital, domination of new life-spacing patterns, and tendency of people towards welfare. Such factors have changed rural residency style towards a semi-urban one, by which physical and socio-economic changes in rural areas are happening.
Kasra Ketabollahi; Masoud Alimardani; Abdolhamid Ghanbaran
Abstract
In the past, squares were one of the most people-oriented urban places in Iranian cities. But in recent decades they have been in utter disarray. Nowadays, the social concept of the square is gone and its traffic role has become more important. Azadi square in Sanandaj is no exception. The main purpose ...
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In the past, squares were one of the most people-oriented urban places in Iranian cities. But in recent decades they have been in utter disarray. Nowadays, the social concept of the square is gone and its traffic role has become more important. Azadi square in Sanandaj is no exception. The main purpose of the present study is to achieve the creative process of physical development in urban squares and its use in case study place-making. A theoretical framework was adopted based on documentary review which showed compatibility of square nature with place-making approach in terms of "urban architecture, hard and soft landscape, motives and incentives, activity, and environment". The applied method of the present study is an analytical-participatory, by which the following techniques are used to assess the components of place-making: observation, survey, GIS, node and mane, Envy-Met. It will also integrate the analytic hierarchical process (AHP) with the SWOT table, and use it in the QSPM matrix to prioritize SWOT factors and place-making components. While presenting strategies, policies and physical development of the case study and the creative process of physical development of the urban squares, it is identified that the importance of landscape, incentives, activity, and architectural components of the building have, respectively, the greatest impacts on the place-making of urban squares.
Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari; Ahmad Roumiani; HamidReza Ghasemi
Abstract
Renovation projects are among the most important tools for interferencing the organization of developmental activities and the physical expansion of villages which result in the improvement of living conditions in rural areas. Such projects provide grounds for a series of public services. They facilitate ...
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Renovation projects are among the most important tools for interferencing the organization of developmental activities and the physical expansion of villages which result in the improvement of living conditions in rural areas. Such projects provide grounds for a series of public services. They facilitate communication, life flow, and organization of construction activities in villages. They have preserved rural life and have improved the life quality in rural areas. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of physical renewation on the quality of rural life in villages of Torghabeh and Shandiz (Binaloud county). The research method was descriptive-analytical and based on nature it was an applicable research. Documentary and field methods were used for data collection. The statistical population of this research included 10 villages in which physical renovation projects were conducted. Also, 131 out of 3724 households were selected as a sample for the present study. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for determining the reliability of the questionnaire. It was equaled to 0.812 for all indicators which confirmed the suitability of the research tool. Descriptive statistics (standard deviation, mean and coefficient of variation) and inferential statistics (single sample and analysis of variance) were used for data analysis. Vikor model was applied for classification of villages based on their life quality indexes. The results of one-sample t-test showed that among the indicators, employment and activity status with an average of (3.702), credit attraction and cost reduction (3.44), reduction of environmental changes (3.33) and preservation of architectural style (3.26) have had the most impacts on the life quality of the studied villages, respectively. Also, the Vikor model showed that the village of Dehbar (0.68) placed at the highest level of ranking, and the villages of Dehno (0.98) and Nagorno (0.97) possessed the lowest rank of the rate of renoation effects on the life quality improvements at the studied villages.
mohammad reza Rezvani; mojtaba Ghadiri Masoum; Seied hadi karimi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 49-62
Abstract
Transportation plays an important role in social development. The areas which have less access to transportation face large structural barriers in their process of social development. In this regard, the lack of access to transportation is major obstacle to achieve the sustainable rural development purposes. ...
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Transportation plays an important role in social development. The areas which have less access to transportation face large structural barriers in their process of social development. In this regard, the lack of access to transportation is major obstacle to achieve the sustainable rural development purposes. So access to transportation as an indicator of sustainable rural development can have different effects on indicators of social development in rural areas. This study examines the impact of the access to Sanandaj - Diwandareh road on improving social indicators of villages that located on the periphery of the road. Required data has been gathered by documents and field studies and questionnaire. In this regard first, social development index as the dependent variable was defined and designed in the form of 6 indicators. Then 64 items related to education, health, employment and income, social participation, social security and social services were defined to measure the indicators. The sample for investigation was 210 rural households and 14 local authorities of villages. The sample was selected and sorted randomly. For validity and reliability of the questionnaire we have used rural experts’ comments and Cronbach’s alpha test, respectively. Collected data were analyzed by independent and paired t-test. The results suggest an inverse relationship between the level of social development of the villages and their distances from the Sanandaj – Diwandarreh road. Also there is a significant difference between the status of social development indicators of villages that are located on the periphery of the axis and those which are located in 10 kilometers far from the road.
Mahmoud Jomepour; Shahrzad Tahmasbi tehrani
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 49-60
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality of life and livability in rural central city of Shahriar in Tehran, Dimensions and indicators of quality of life and livability is common such that to assess the viability of quality of life as a common approach to the topic is used to assess viability. ...
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality of life and livability in rural central city of Shahriar in Tehran, Dimensions and indicators of quality of life and livability is common such that to assess the viability of quality of life as a common approach to the topic is used to assess viability. Research direction is based on the location-based quality of life.In addition to data collection, library studies, is a survey, and the Cochrane formula for determining the sample size of 362 patients and their families and Analysis Unit of the heads of families was determined by. Order to select the classification method group villages Venture Towns and classified using seven villages were selected randomly, and finally using the proportional contribution of each village turned out questionnaires. Then examine three dimensions of economic, social and environmental were studied in the villages. response to questions from the test T One-sample t and chi-square were used. The results indicate that the quality of life and livability in the study villages are located in low viability and quality of life and in all social (health, Solidarity and social participa-tion, cohesion and belonging, place, person, and social security), economic (employment, income, housing, transportation, infrastructure and educational facilities), and environ-mental ( Quality place in the absence of infection) assessments are down significantly, and no significant difference also in terms of livability and quality of life in villages in the study area there.
Mahdi Cheraghi; Zahra Malek Jafarian; Javad Abbasi; Sayed ali Badri
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 50-59
Abstract
During the recent decades, rural lifestyle in Iran has dramatically changed due to the rapid expansion of cities as well as change of the type and frequency of interactions between urban and rural areas. Such a change was, per se, resulted in some other vast changes in socio-economic circumstances of ...
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During the recent decades, rural lifestyle in Iran has dramatically changed due to the rapid expansion of cities as well as change of the type and frequency of interactions between urban and rural areas. Such a change was, per se, resulted in some other vast changes in socio-economic circumstances of rural residents and needing the concept of liveliness in rural communities which has a different nature from what is happening in urban environments. The present study concerns with evaluating the effectiveness of Rural Conductor Plans in creating lively rural settlements according to real needs and wishes of their residents. Based on typology, this study is an applicable research and based on methodology, it is a descriptive-survey one. The sample includes 6 villages, of which 3 with conductor plans and 3 without them in GhaniBiglou district, Zanjan County. Required data was collected through both documentary and fieldwork. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were applied to analyze the data. The results show that implementation of Rural Conductor Plans has been led to improve the quantitative and qualitative components of liveliness in studied villages. It especially is evident in case of physical status of the villages.
Mohamad Hasan Yazdani; Sahar Hassanpour; Reza Hashemi Masoomabad
Abstract
In housing category, preparation of plans and programs for social and physical dimensions of housing can prevent gaps and inequalities of resident’s well-being and the city’s unplanned growth. Accordingly, the aims of the present study are: the spatial analysis of social and physical dimensions ...
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In housing category, preparation of plans and programs for social and physical dimensions of housing can prevent gaps and inequalities of resident’s well-being and the city’s unplanned growth. Accordingly, the aims of the present study are: the spatial analysis of social and physical dimensions of housing, showing the imbalance proportion of supply and demand for housing, and showing the relationship of housing shortage with horizontal expansion of Ahwaz city. Based on type the present study is an "applied-developmental" and based on method it is a "descriptive-analytical" research. Required data was collected using a library-documentary method. A total number of 20 social and physical indicators were applied for leveling the regions of Ahwaz city. Data analysis was done based on several methods such as; Superiority and Inferiority Ranking (SIR), Holdren, Shannon's Entropy, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and Visual PROMETHEE software. Findings of the present study indicated that regions 2, 3, 4 and 8 are in a favorable situation in terms of social and physical indicators, whereas, regions 1, 6 and 7 possess a different social and physical situation. It shows an imbalance distribution of affordable housing across the city of Ahwaz. The Pearson correlation coefficient with a sig of two-sided 0.501 confirmed the imbalance supply and demand of housing in Ahwaz. Also, the results of Holdren and Shannon’s entropy methods represented an unplanned expansion of residential areas during 2006 to 2011, but such development was not coincident with housing demand and has taken place in regions where housing shortages have not been severe. This can be considered as an indicator of unsustainable growth of Ahvaz city in the housing sector.
Mohammad hosein Saraei; Reza Ahmadi
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the socio-semiotic discourse of the Holy defense in the entrance landscape of Dezful city and the role of local governance in creating a designed and purposeful entrance landscape. The purpose of the research is to investigate and analyze how to use the landscape ...
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In the present study, we have investigated the socio-semiotic discourse of the Holy defense in the entrance landscape of Dezful city and the role of local governance in creating a designed and purposeful entrance landscape. The purpose of the research is to investigate and analyze how to use the landscape of the entrance to present discourses, narratives and imagery of national and local governance. The research uses a combination of descriptive-analytical and field methods, and its foundation is based on qualitative research method. We examine all the squares, toponyms, entrance and memorial billboards located at the entrances, and categorize them in terms of different discourse and imagery patterns. The findings show that the discourse of sacred defense, religious and historical are 3 major discourses and cross-border resistance is an emerging discourse in the landscape of Dezful entrances. The discourse of holy defense has decisively dominated the landscape of Dezful's entrance and in a contextual way, it is engaged in a kind of illustration of the role and position of Dezful in one of the most important events of Iran's contemporary history, namely the 8-year war. In this imagery, all the signs related to the legacy of the sacred defense are presented in the context of a mythological narrative of Dezful's role during the war. Indeed, many heritage initiatives are designed by local authorities to match national discourses and strategies. As a result, the existing entrance landscape is a represented landscape in which the dominant groups use their desired discourses, myths and ideologies in writing and illustrating the entrances of the city and encode them in the framework of the ruling values of their mental world. The political authority and cultural hegemony of some groups is the result of this process.
Shahbakhti Rostami
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 55-64
Abstract
During the last couple of decades, some factors such as population growth, need for higher levels of employment, limitations of agriculture sector and search for new activities have necessitated establishing and expanding industrial activities in Iran. An industrial estate, as one of the most suitable ...
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During the last couple of decades, some factors such as population growth, need for higher levels of employment, limitations of agriculture sector and search for new activities have necessitated establishing and expanding industrial activities in Iran. An industrial estate, as one of the most suitable ways of optimal application of geographic space, is a place for the concentration of productive and industrial units. Good decisions about expanding and managing these estates require reliable spatial data. Therefore, to have a proper management and to obtain the organizational objectives of industrial estates in Iran, there is a need to create reliable databases containing spatial data. Implementation of modern information systems such as GIS to storing, analyzing, displaying and updating spatial data related to industrial estates of Iran is an advantage and any delay to apply this technology can lead to increase the executive and managerial costs. Kermanshah is one of 31 provinces of Iran located in west of the country and does have several industrial estates. It seems that establishing an information system based on GIS is a necessity for each. This paper, first introduces the industrial estate of Faraman in Kermanshah city which contains 160 productive and industrial units. Then how a geographic information system is designed and applied to this estate is discussed in details. The methodology of this study comprises: 1- collecting all required spatial data, 2- conducting focus groups include managers and knowledgeable individuals, 3- digitizing required maps, 4- providing a comprehensive list of all possible data and transferring them into a Geo_Database, 5- entering data into computer and 6- linking spatial and aspatial data. Although the final investigation about success of geographic information system for the industrial estate of Faraman has not yet reached enough time, the introductory surveys among managers and executive personnel of the estate indicate a new and better situation of managing the estate when they use GIS. The success of this experience can be shared with other industrial estates of Kermanshah province and even other estates in elsewhere of Iran.
Esmaeil Aliakbari; Mostafa Taleshi; Ozra Emadodin
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 55-70
Abstract
If Image each region as a spatial system and its cities and settlements like a system components , among these components, Various linkage and interactions that form the functional - structure of the area have the main role of this responsibility. Understanding the increasing continuity and the interweaving ...
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If Image each region as a spatial system and its cities and settlements like a system components , among these components, Various linkage and interactions that form the functional - structure of the area have the main role of this responsibility. Understanding the increasing continuity and the interweaving of spatial system is necessary for any kind of thinking and actions for the harmonious development of city and periphery This paper tries to introduce a pattern for integrated development of urban and periphery based on tourism capabilities of prei-urban with using of cognitive-explanation method and analyzing documents of views. The framework of this pattern according to theoretical evidences of integrated development approach, is based on balance and integration in development of urban and preiphery.The foundation of such pattern of monitoring the social, economic and physical changes of city and the settlements around the city emphasized on identifying the logics of attractiveness of urban and preiphery and tourism capacity that motive city attractiveness of peri-urban areas, and it is proposed in the context of the integrated and flexible spatial organization in order to maintain physical and functional identity and coherent physical composition of a city.
Ahmad Hami; Elham Faham
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 56-65
Abstract
Nowadays one of the most important issues in urban design is providing a valuable situation for women and fulfilling their physical, mental, social and recreational needs. Dealing with amenity issues of women and their active presence in society has necessitated the development of Ladies Parks in many ...
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Nowadays one of the most important issues in urban design is providing a valuable situation for women and fulfilling their physical, mental, social and recreational needs. Dealing with amenity issues of women and their active presence in society has necessitated the development of Ladies Parks in many Iranian cities. However, less attention has been paid to recognize women motivations to use such kind of parks and their effects on development of such spaces. Tabriz city is not exceptional among the Iranian cities. The present study aims to identify women motivations to go to Ladies Parks in Sahand, Tabriz. Using a face to face method, 120 visitors of the park were interviewed. The questions were about the reasons and motivations of women to go to the park, impacting factors on their physical health, their favorite activities and correctitude of creating Ladies Park idea. For analyzing the data, SPSS and Excel software were applied. The results of the present study showed that the main factor to motivate the women to use the Ladies Park is doing exercise and sport activities in order to reach the body fitness and weight losing. Also, some other reasons such as unemployment, loneliness, spending leisure time and visiting friends are the internal factors for using the Ladies Park by women of Sahand city. Physical development of social spaces as well as expansion of sport facilities can play an effective role in success of Ladies Parks.
Hamid Jalalian; Faramarz Barimani; Vahid Riyahi; Morteza Mahralitabar Fiafouzjae
Volume 4, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 57-74
Abstract
Development experts with examining the role of government, business and civil society in development, found government and market failure in many cases and that it is turn to test civil society’s role in people and local institutions development. Therefore the strengthening of community-based organizations ...
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Development experts with examining the role of government, business and civil society in development, found government and market failure in many cases and that it is turn to test civil society’s role in people and local institutions development. Therefore the strengthening of community-based organizations in development was considered important. In this regard, this study aims to determine the effectiveness of saving credit associations on spatial - physical development of rural settlements, 30 members of this community were chosen with snowball technique and in the semi-structured interviews and direct observation required data was compiled and were analyzed by contentanalysis and indactive approach. The data consists of interviews, divided into units and then compression means are summarized. Finally, by inductive way sub and main themes of abstraction have been extracted. The findings show that association in terms of physical capital (housing, communications, rural facilities) and natural capital (protection of the environment, water resources, livestock diversity, ownership of land) and rural settlements from the perspective of space on stream of consciousness, population and money rural settlement has been effective. In general, the results of show that although these associations are social – economic organizations, but can not be spatial – physicaly ignored. It seems that if empower the associations and using them to solve problems is better and faster to got results. The researchers also want to study these formations is proposed considering the local nature and having no (or low) similar to the outer approach of qualitatively can results in a more useful way form.
Farhad javan; Hasan Afrakhteh; Vahid Riahi
Abstract
Tourism as a booming and rugged activity of the present century has a significant impact on rural areas. One of the special characteristics of the tourism effects system, especially in rural areas, is its various and wideness economic, social, cultural, political, institutional, and environmental effects. ...
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Tourism as a booming and rugged activity of the present century has a significant impact on rural areas. One of the special characteristics of the tourism effects system, especially in rural areas, is its various and wideness economic, social, cultural, political, institutional, and environmental effects. Such impacts, depending on different spatial situations, can vary in intensity and direction. The present research aims to spatial analysis of tourism effects in rural settlements of Rezvanshahr county. Based on aim, this research is an analytical descriptive study. The statistical sample is rural settlements of Rezvanshahr. The analysis of built environment in rural areas was done using remote sensing data. GIS and the maximum probability with two user's algorithm were used for data analysis. The results of the study showed that intensity of rural tourism effects in Rezvanshahr county is different according to various spatial units. Therefore, the physical effects of rural tourism (such as second homes, service units, land use changes, and land prices) in coastal areas are more intensive than those in plains and foothills areas.
Ali Movahed; Mazhar Ahmadi
Abstract
As a result of rapid growth of cities and their horizontal expansion, a considerable amount of urban lands has been put away from any efficient applications. Such kind of valuable lands cover 15 to 25 percent of cities’ areas in forms of old-fashions and timeworn textures. The 19th ...
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As a result of rapid growth of cities and their horizontal expansion, a considerable amount of urban lands has been put away from any efficient applications. Such kind of valuable lands cover 15 to 25 percent of cities’ areas in forms of old-fashions and timeworn textures. The 19th district of Tehran has a strategic situation as the western gateway of the city. At present, inactive industries and abandoned warehouses have occupied a significant amount of areas in district 19. Such areas are susceptible for many problems such as; economic depression, reduction of land values, environmental pollutions (accumulation of garbage and construction waste), visual contaminations, disruption in urban functions (services and accessibilities), reducing permeability in parts of the district, negative impact on environmental security, reduction of vitality and happiness of the urban environment which is necessary for social development of the city. Therefore, the present study titled “Planning and organizing abandoned and disused spaces of district 19” has been done based on the existing necessities and in line with the urban infill development policy. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable one. The research method was descriptive-analytic and data collection was based on both documentary and field methods. After identification of the region and extraction of indicators and criteria, we attempted to identify the abandoned spaces of the region. The organizing strategies of land were recognized using SWOT and QSPM models. Based on priority, they include: redevelopment of abandoned lands in line with the economic and social development of the region, setting tax for abandoned lands and their transactions, allocating disused spaces to required services, giving priority to restoration of lands with access to the internal and external road networks, increasing quality and integrating texture of the region, and creating coherence in the regional spatial organization. Finally, strategic policies and implementation mechanisms of these strategies are also presented.
Bahram Imani; Ali Toorani; Hamideh Khosravi Mehr
Abstract
According to many thinkers and development experts, the lack of social capital is one of the obstacles to development in different countries. Social capital is needed for development above all else. Due to the necessity of studying and examining this concept, especially in rural areas that are more deprived ...
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According to many thinkers and development experts, the lack of social capital is one of the obstacles to development in different countries. Social capital is needed for development above all else. Due to the necessity of studying and examining this concept, especially in rural areas that are more deprived of developmental benefits, the present study deals with the leveling of rural centers in Minoudasht county on this basis. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary and field studies (questioning) has been applied. The statistical population of the study is the total number of heads of households in which 370 people were estimated using the Cochran's sampling formula. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed in the form of Vikor model and thus the studied villages were ranked and leveled. The spatial distribution of social capital at the rural center level indicates that the northwestern region has less social capital than other areas, including the center, south, southwest, and southeast. Also, the results of Pearson test show that there is a significant relationship between the components of population size and ethnic and linguistic diversity and geographical location with social capital. The relationship between population and ethnic-linguistic diversity is inversely related to social capital, and the relationship between geographical location and social capital is direct. There was no statistically significant relationship between the two components of income and literacy and social capital. Finally, in order to improve the level of social capital in the studied villages, this research suggests the following: holding group panels by local managers to explain the importance of social capital components, further monitoring the performance of local managers in building trust for villagers, strengthening social networks, and continuous education of villagers in order to accept social capital as an important factor in the development of local communities.
Vahid Zamani; Mahmoud Mohammadi; Mahmoud Ghalehnoee
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 63-80
Abstract
Realizing structural characteristics of the urban street network has a crucial role in understanding dynamic and transforming events in a city. One of the most effective structural characteristics of street network is street network centrality which regarding former studies has a substantial effect on ...
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Realizing structural characteristics of the urban street network has a crucial role in understanding dynamic and transforming events in a city. One of the most effective structural characteristics of street network is street network centrality which regarding former studies has a substantial effect on some events namely, distribution of activities along streets especially commercial and service activities that have a significant effect on the formation of motorized and pedestrian traffic flow throughout the city. Thus, considering street network centrality strongly improves the outcomes of urban land use and traffic planning. The current article aims at explaining the relationship between street network centrality and location selection of commercial and service activities. Firstly, it reviews key concepts related to street network centrality; specifically, focuses on metric centrality in the urban street network. Secondly, street network centrality of Qom city is modeled using Multiple Centrality Assessment (MCA) method in terms of centrality indices of intermediary, global and local closeness. Finally, datasets of street network centrality and location of activities transform to one scale unit using Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to calculate and analyze the degree of spatial correlation between them. Correlation between mentioned variable layers is measured using Pearson’s correlation coefficient as well as spatial correlation index (SCI) which defined by the authors. Results indicate that there is a direct and high correlation between the selected street centrality indices and location selection of commercial and service activities in Qom. The highest correlation coefficients are for intermediary and local closeness centrality respectively. Global closeness centrality has the third place in terms of the correlation coefficient. As a conclusion, findings of this paper confirm that street network centrality has a significant effect on location selection of commercial and service activities in Qom city; the activities choose locations with better network centrality.
Seyyed Jafar Hejazi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 65-79
Abstract
Urban areas as the milestones of human societies are the engines of economic growth and social development, which ultimately lead to physical and land use changes in the cities. On the other hand, occurred changes in medical, commercial, administrative and educational land use play an effective role ...
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Urban areas as the milestones of human societies are the engines of economic growth and social development, which ultimately lead to physical and land use changes in the cities. On the other hand, occurred changes in medical, commercial, administrative and educational land use play an effective role in job creation. A study on the relationship between these changes and employment rates along with a scenario design is an important step towards more accurate urban planning. The purpose of this study was to estimate the urban employment rates resulted from land use development in Kianpars and Kianabad neighborhoods of Ahvaz city using linear regression model. To achieve the mentioned purpose, two scenarios were considered: first scenario deals with land use development based on current trend and second scenario discusses land use development management for a decade starting from 2016 to 2026. Based on aim, the research is an applied study following a descriptive-analytical method. A documentary method is used for collecting information about theoretical foundations, and linear regression and ArcGIS software are used to analyze the data. The results indicate that all areas of the Kianpars neighborhood will grow according to the first scenario in the horizon of the plan in 2016, but in the second scenario regions 22 and 35 experience non kind of growth, and regions 24 and 29 had negative growth (2%). In the neighborhood of Kianabad, regions 40, 48 and 50 will have no growths in both scenarios. In total, it can be said that one of the main causes of employment changes in the studied neighborhoods is the increase or decrease of employment-creator land uses such as medical, commercial, educational, and administrative in the studied scenarios. However, due to the evident role of land-use changes in employment-creation, enough attention should be paid to urban land-use management of areas with high levels of employment in Comprehensive and Detailed urban plans. High concentration of these types of land-uses plays an important role in attracting the population that consequently increase traffic jam; air, sound and visual pollutions. Kianpars neighborhood is a real example of such situation.
Asghar Heydari; hossein hataminejad; Fatemeh Azizi
Abstract
Urban viability is one of the basic foundations of sustainable urban development. The viability approach can be attributed to increased awareness of unstable urban life patterns, which in the long run reduces the potential of environmental resources. The term 'viability' refers to the degree to which ...
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Urban viability is one of the basic foundations of sustainable urban development. The viability approach can be attributed to increased awareness of unstable urban life patterns, which in the long run reduces the potential of environmental resources. The term 'viability' refers to the degree to which a society is provided based on the needs and capacities of its members. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to prioritize the main components of viability in three Kish Island resorts namely: Sadaf, Me'mar and Sahar. The research method is descriptive - analytical based on preliminary data. Data collection was done by documentary and survey methods using questionnaire. Collected data was processed using SPSS and Smart PLS software. Three methods of multivariate regression analysis, stepwise analysis and PLS path analysis were used to prioritize the components and to determine their contribution and role in the viability of the study area. Based on the results of the research, the main factors affecting the viability of the three Kish camps were prioritized based on the degree of their importance as follows: services and access, social, economic, physical and environmental components, respectively. One can improve the viability of the study area by planning to enhance and organize these components based on their degree of importance.
parisa Hashempour; Ziba Sami
Abstract
Since the main basis of human behavior is formed in accordance with his living environment, people would encounter sophisticated problems if they lack enough knowledge and strategies for their housing provision. Social factors are among the effective factors of livability of residential complexes; however ...
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Since the main basis of human behavior is formed in accordance with his living environment, people would encounter sophisticated problems if they lack enough knowledge and strategies for their housing provision. Social factors are among the effective factors of livability of residential complexes; however the reduction of social interactions in such complexes is considered as a serious problem. The present study poses a main question: how does the architectural form influence the realization of social livability in residential complexes? Aseman Tabriz, Shahid Chamran and Imam residential complexes are chosen as case studies to answer this question. This study is a quantitative-qualitative research carried out by a descriptive-analytical method. The information is collected through documentary and field methods (i.e. observations, interviews and questionnaires). The sample of the present study included 300 people who were selected based on Cochran formula. Also, data analysis was completed using SPSS software version 20. The present paper studied and analyzed the relationships of effective components upon livability of residential complexes. The results suggest that the components of social capital and security have more impacts on the livability of residential complexes; and ultimately, the architectural body affects the social livability in residential complexes.
Hasan Houshyar; Reza Ghaderi
Abstract
The present study focuses on evaluating the quality of residential spaces in Oshnaviyeh, a town located in West Azarbaijan province. Also, individual’s satisfaction of their residential space quality as well as effective indices on housing quality and housing environment are evaluated. Based on ...
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The present study focuses on evaluating the quality of residential spaces in Oshnaviyeh, a town located in West Azarbaijan province. Also, individual’s satisfaction of their residential space quality as well as effective indices on housing quality and housing environment are evaluated. Based on aim, the present study followed an applicable method; and based on its nature a descriptive-analytical one. For data collection, both documentary and field techniques were applied including interview, observation and questionnaire. A descriptive method was used for conceptual framework and theoretical basis, too. The sample size according to the population of Oshnaviyeh is 375 cases, which have been randomly surveyed at the neighborhood level. SPSS and ArcGIS are two applied software in the present study. An examination of six factors in detail showed different results, but the overall results of the research based on the combined indices indicated that: of 12 neighborhoods of Oshnaviyeh, residents of 3 neighborhoods (namely, 1, 2, and 12) have a high satisfactory level against the quality of residential spaces. The satisfaction level for one neighborhood (11) was moderated and, all other residents (including neighborhoods 3 to 10) were dissatisfied with the quality of their residential spaces. Finally, some practical suggestions have been made to reach the full satisfaction of residential spaces of Oshnaviyeh by its residents.
Asghar Norouzi
Abstract
Human societies have historically been at risk and have always suffered harmful effects. Environmental hazards are increasingly occurring with growing diversity and extent of damage, especially in rural areas. Some factors such as closely related to the environment, deprivation, lack of awareness, and ...
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Human societies have historically been at risk and have always suffered harmful effects. Environmental hazards are increasingly occurring with growing diversity and extent of damage, especially in rural areas. Some factors such as closely related to the environment, deprivation, lack of awareness, and preparedness increase the vulnerability of rural areas. However, environmental hazards are inevitable phenomena and their only solution is to deal with and manage them. One of the approaches to dealing with environmental hazards and crises is resilience. The study area of the present study is exposed to different types of hazards and is in high vulnerability condition and it is necessary to measure its resilience. The present study is an applied one and its purpose is to investigate and explain the resilience of rural settlements in Boldaji district of Borujen county. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey-based. Required data were collected using documentary and surveys at household level. The sample size was estimated to be 329 households according to the Cochran formula of 2276 families. Questionnaires were completed by simple random sampling. The results showed that the mean level of resilience in the social and physical dimensions were 3.45 and 3.23, respectively, considered as "desirable" level, in the economic dimension with a mean of 3.01 was an "average" level, and in the management dimension with a mean of 2.85 was a "undesirable" level. In addition, among the different villages, Avargan has the highest level of resilience and the lowest levels belong to Sultanabad and Aliabad. Overall, the resilience status in 21 percent of the villages was "appropriate", in 50 percent "moderate" and in about 29 percent "inappropriate".
Teimour Amar
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 60-72
Abstract
The main challenges of rural sustainable development in Iran can be categorized in five groups of economical, management and programming, environmental, social, and physical factors. Physical changes of rural Iran, and accordingly rural Guilan can be viewed through two perspectives. A significant part ...
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The main challenges of rural sustainable development in Iran can be categorized in five groups of economical, management and programming, environmental, social, and physical factors. Physical changes of rural Iran, and accordingly rural Guilan can be viewed through two perspectives. A significant part of changes are related to government attempts regarding the preparing and implementing the physical projects. The other part is related to rural society itself and its organic characteristics that are formed during the ages. The mentioned changes have created other massive changes in functions of rural settlements such as alterations in agriculture system, relations between settlements, urban-rural interactions, and changes of form and pattern of housing. The important point is the impact of geographic conditions on all kind of changes with their spatial appearances. The present study applies a qualitative method to answer the following two questions: first, how can physical changes of rural settlements create barriers for sustainable development? And second, what are the strategic prefrences of physical development for rural Guilan? Findings of the present study show that main physical challenges of rural Guilan during the last three decades are: 30% reduction of agricultural lands which is resulted in 40% rise in number of urban settlements, higher rates of vulnerability against natural hazards, and changes in rural settlements functions. There have been many valuable attempts to materialize the physical development in rural areas during the last thirty years; however, the lack of a strategic planning method has blocked the formulation of a proper pattern of physical development in Guilan province.
Mohamad rahim Rahnama; Mostafa Amirfakhriyan
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 61-74
Abstract
Objective: The main objective of this study is the analysis of urban areas access to health facilities. Its basis is to identify areas with poor access. And position of any area to access health care services should be identified. In this study in the first stage the spatial database of the health services ...
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Objective: The main objective of this study is the analysis of urban areas access to health facilities. Its basis is to identify areas with poor access. And position of any area to access health care services should be identified. In this study in the first stage the spatial database of the health services in software ARC-GIS (including 6 major with about 4528 lots) was formed. Then use the models to “two-step floating catchment area”, status in-dicators to each of the spaces of the city of Mashhad access areas were determined. Then using the software «spss» and the “two-step cluster analysis” method, areas of the city of Mashhad was classified according to the index access. The results of this analysis indicate a lack of conformity between the spatial distribution of population and distribution of health services. Central city has the best access to health services and the surrounding ar-eas have to be weakest. Also Mashhad city be classified into two clusters. The first cluster is with an average index access of 3.24 and includes to 2.3% in urban areas (areas have access to excellent condition).The second cluster included 97.7% city areas with a mean index of 0.061 to compared to the first cluster does not show the proper position. Graphs produced by the evaluation of model showed that the most important indicator of the first cluster to second cluster is the index access to pharmacy. Emergency access has the least role in this classification. In Mashhad city Health Services is a single center. So create a new core functionality in various sectors of health care is essential. For this purpose min-imum of two core functions of health care is essential in Mashhad city
mohammad mehdi Taghi zadeh; hossein kiumarsi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 63-74
Abstract
Current drought events and extreme extraction of underground water during the last few years have led to considerable reduction of underground water levels in many parts of Iran. The problem is more tangible in semi-arid areas where the lives of flora and fauna are closely related to the underground ...
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Current drought events and extreme extraction of underground water during the last few years have led to considerable reduction of underground water levels in many parts of Iran. The problem is more tangible in semi-arid areas where the lives of flora and fauna are closely related to the underground waters. Namdan plain located in Fars province is a fertile agriculture area which encounters the reduction of underground water levels due to high extraction and consumption of such waters. The rate of reduction is different according to different parts of the study area. Therefore, identification of areas with high reduction rates is a clear necessity in order to make any rational decisions for improving the underground water resources. The present study has applied GIS to zoning the area into three parts namely permitted, provisioned, and prohibited in terms of underground water extraction. The zoning classification was based on annual monitoring and interpolation of changes occurred in water levels of wells in the study area during 1997 to 2011. The results show that there is a direct relation between the location of deep wells and spatial distribution of prohibited and provisioned areas of underground water extraction. Spatially there were1131 (87%) deep wells out of 1311 in the mentioned zones which attracts the serious attentions of authorities to act more controls on the extraction of underground water in the study area.
