Alireza behrad; Parviz akbari; Malihe Ahmadi
Abstract
The Mehr housing plan was designed to house the lower decks of society in the ninth government. Qualitative-physical dimensions of housing can be investigated from two angles: first, the housing structure as a residential unit, the second is the physical relationship of housing with its residential environment ...
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The Mehr housing plan was designed to house the lower decks of society in the ninth government. Qualitative-physical dimensions of housing can be investigated from two angles: first, the housing structure as a residential unit, the second is the physical relationship of housing with its residential environment which is a social indicator of the role and place of housing in urban development. Considering the importance of housing and especially Mehr housing, the city of Kerman is investigated and the quality housing components are summarized in order to be used as a model for construction and appraisal of Mehr housing. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality components of Mehr housing in terms of physical characteristics of housing. The question posed in the present study is: which components affect the quality of housing? Based on aim this research is developmental-applied which uses an analytical-descriptive method for data collection. Two models of AHP and TOPSIS have been used for data analysis. Based on their importance, the present study considers six main components in two different categories of "physical and qualitative" alternatives. The components are: housing pattern, housing strength and safety, environmental quality, accessibility, infrastructure, and land use. Analysis of the results indicated that the criterion of the shape and pattern of housing with land-use scale are the most important criteria. Finally, the comparison of the final weight results indicated that the results of qualitative alternative is superior to the other.
Mahmood FalSolayman; Javad Mikaniki; Mahshad Eghtedari
Abstract
One of the initiatives of the councils act is appointing an executive officer called "Dehyar" in each village. Dehyar is responsible for implementing decisions taken by the Islamic council of the village. Dehyars as the rural mangers enjoy much power and resources. They would certainly play an important ...
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One of the initiatives of the councils act is appointing an executive officer called "Dehyar" in each village. Dehyar is responsible for implementing decisions taken by the Islamic council of the village. Dehyars as the rural mangers enjoy much power and resources. They would certainly play an important role in rural development if they have enough motivation and skills. After two decades of implementation, it is necessary to recognize and evaluate the functions of Dehyars in terms of physical-developmental, environmental, social and economic indicators. As a survey, the present study aimed to evaluate the performance of modern rural management in AnbarAbad county. The sample included 40 randomly selected villages and 180 households selected by Cochran formula of 14520 households. The required questionnaires were completed based on existing variances of the research (0.119), population proportion, and household dimension of each village. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and Waspas model. The results of the polls indicated that the effects of Dehyar performance on improving the physical-developmental, environmental, and social conditions of the villages are moderate and it is high for the economic condition. Also, results of the Waspas model indicated that Dehyars of Jahad-abad, Ali-abad, Garmsar and Mardehek villages are ranked from first to fourth, respectively, in terms of having the best performance in compare to the other villages of Anabar-abad city.
Sayed Ali Badri; Mohammadreza Rezvani; Parvin Khodadadi
Abstract
Iran’s rural sector faces many problems in terms of ecological, physical, economic and social dimensions. These problems lead to the situation in which villages become places for high-income urban groups, physical unrest, land use change, and a lack of attention to the process of developing policies ...
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Iran’s rural sector faces many problems in terms of ecological, physical, economic and social dimensions. These problems lead to the situation in which villages become places for high-income urban groups, physical unrest, land use change, and a lack of attention to the process of developing policies and programs against their products and outcomes. As a result, the future of physical development in rural areas faces a serious challenge. The aim of the present study was to analyze the current situation in the framework of developing a spatial policy for the sustainable physical development of rural areas of the country. In this regard, both the content of rural development policies and the process of formulating these policies and the role of effective factors in it have been examined. The method of obtaining cognition in this research is qualitative, which is divided into two methods: 1- method of analysis of directional qualitative content; and 2 - Grand Theory. The results show that the existing spatial policy development framework for sustainable physical development of rural areas in Iran consists of policy factors, policy processes and policy content. Important factors such as the lack of general policies of the political system in rural development, centralism and the marginal position of rural society at the national level affect the framework of spatial policy development. Also, current policy processes, following the factors, have several challenges that include sectoral and centralized policies, as well as the lack of coherence and coordination of agencies in the development of programs. Therefore, solving these challenges requires reforming processes and institutions instead of expanding administrative organization, integrating agricultural and rural development policies, and ultimately creating and strengthening clusters, systems, and networks. Analysis of the qualitative content of the documents showed that the factors of planning, budgeting and formulation of national sustainable development strategy, the need for coordination of sectors and communication of different national and local levels as well as economic dimension, infrastructure-physical dimension have the greatest role and influence in developing spatial development policy of rural areas.
Jalal Rezaeenoor; Ahmad Hatami; Ali Talesh Kazemi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 26-46
Abstract
Urban life quality as a dynamic and multidimensional concept is one of the most important areas of urban studies in different countries focusing on all objective and non-objective aspects of life. The purpose of the present study is to determine the status of life quality index and the weaknesses and ...
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Urban life quality as a dynamic and multidimensional concept is one of the most important areas of urban studies in different countries focusing on all objective and non-objective aspects of life. The purpose of the present study is to determine the status of life quality index and the weaknesses and strengnesses of its criteria in the areas of Qom city. The research method was descriptive-analytic and the data gathering method was a combination of documentary and expert assistance. Then a questionnaire was designed to be completed on the field. What is being discussed in this paper is the accurate understanding of the concept of life quality and measuring citizen’s satisfaction of it in urban areas of Qom. Data analysis was performed using the ISM, FAHP and WASPAS methods. The results show that regions 1 and 4 with , were selected as the best regions. The selection, of course, was based on some factors such as high levels of regional security; easier access to public transportation; having more administrative centers, job status, better neighborhoods and the availability of appropriate cultural facilities. Also, regions 2 and 6 were selected as the worst regions due to their worse job conditions, accommodation of low-income households, inadequate access to services and stores, and disposal of sewage.
AbdolHamid Nazari; mahmoud pak
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 27-38
Abstract
The indigenous pattern of rural housing is formed according to physical and ecological factors . it takes advantage of systemic approach in which all sub-systems have structural-functional links and evolve during the time. Nowadays, as understanding the ecology of rural housing in different parts of ...
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The indigenous pattern of rural housing is formed according to physical and ecological factors . it takes advantage of systemic approach in which all sub-systems have structural-functional links and evolve during the time. Nowadays, as understanding the ecology of rural housing in different parts of the country is important, the necessity of studying ,maintaining and sustaining the indigenous patterns are important, too. / the “Improvement of rural housing “ plan is considered as one of the most important physical plans that has broadly accepted by a large number of rural residents because of assigning low interest bank credits by the government. The plan has been successful in case of removal of deprivation and quake-resistant built-up, however, the plan has not achieved a lot of success in case of regarding the criteria of indigenous housing pattern. The present study has evaluated the “improvement of rural housing” plan in turkman sahra region based on the mentioned criteria. The applied method is an explanation-analitic one based on field study and field data collection.to do so,280 households were selected based on a random sampling. The sample also was divided into two groups: the group of people who have benefited the bank credits and another group without using bank credits. The findings of the study indicate that the plan has successes and shortcomings. successes include: the improving of rural culture in relation to plan and map of houses, regarding the security butter, and rebuilding energy-consuming pattern. shortcomings include: location of the house inside yard, houses, direction, alteration of economic functions, and the height of the buildings.
Pari Shokri Firoozjah
Volume 4, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 27-44
Abstract
Today, natural disasters and damages caused by these accidents in different parts of the world have made making cities safer to become a long-term and achievable challenge so that urban communities are looking for conditions to reduce the damage so they can get to pre-crisis situation as soon as possible. ...
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Today, natural disasters and damages caused by these accidents in different parts of the world have made making cities safer to become a long-term and achievable challenge so that urban communities are looking for conditions to reduce the damage so they can get to pre-crisis situation as soon as possible. Meanwhile, viability is an important way to strengthen communities and cities by using their capacities. In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytic method to investigate the viability of Babol area against environmental hazards that’s questionnaire was arranged with four dimensions, 16 indicators and 31 sub-indicators and total of 383 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the statistical population of the study, based on the Cochran model. To investigate the research issues and data analysis has been used from the multi-variable decision-making model "VIKOR" and the standard weights of each of the indicators have been calculated using Chanol Entropy method. The results of the research data were analyzed using SPSS, GIS and Excel software it is shown that among different dimensions of urban vibration in 12 areas of Babol, physical dimensions (with a mean of 3.54) and then social (with an average of 3.14) are more appropriate but in general, about 50% of the studied areas in Babol have low glare and irregularity and only 25% of the regions are quite viable in terms of indicators.
Davood Mahdavi; Elham Hezarian
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 27-45
Abstract
Human beings have always been subject to the natural hazards as a permanent part of their life. Among them, devastating earthquakes are responsible for a large number of human casualty and financial losses. About a quarter of rural populations in Iran live in villages close to active geological faults. ...
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Human beings have always been subject to the natural hazards as a permanent part of their life. Among them, devastating earthquakes are responsible for a large number of human casualty and financial losses. About a quarter of rural populations in Iran live in villages close to active geological faults. It necessitates a serious attention about the rate of vulnerability of such settlements. The present study aims to evaluate the physical vulnerability of rural settlements against earthquakes in Yazd County. A descriptive-analytical method is applied. Collected data include the spatial, graphical and locational data. Two models were used for data analysis: Topsis MDM and AHP. The results showed that all villages in Fajr rural district were less vulnerable against earthquake occurrence. In contrast, all villages in rural district of Allah Abad, except the village of Tamehr, were more vulnerable against earthquakes. Results also indicated that the age of most rural buildings were more than 20 years and their low-quality materials mainly include wood and mud. In addition, insufficient access to the networks and the lack of rural housing insurance are the other factors to increase the risk of vulnerability of rural settlements. For these reasons, it is necessary to encourage modernization and rehabilitation of buildings, selecting appropriate planning programs and supporting new ideas.
Saadi Mohammadi; Chnoor Mohammadi; Amjad Hedayat
Abstract
Among the numerous indicators of development, health index is one of the most important indicators of progress in each country, and to a large extent, the success rate of national development programs depends on achieving the objectives of this sector. Inequality in health and medical careness among ...
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Among the numerous indicators of development, health index is one of the most important indicators of progress in each country, and to a large extent, the success rate of national development programs depends on achieving the objectives of this sector. Inequality in health and medical careness among the regions displays the differences in the extent of development of health facilities among cities, villages, regions and countries. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the spatial distribution of health indices in Kermanshah province and to identify the privileged and deprived counties in terms of health-medical situation. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on method it is a descriptive-analytical one. The sample of the present study includes 14 counties of Kermanshah province. Required data were extracted from the Population and Housing Census and the annual statistical report of 2015 of Kermanshah province. In order to determine the level of development of provincial counties in terms of per capita health-medical indicator, 41 variables were used and quantified. Shannon entropy method was applied to determine the importance of each variable. For data analysis, the SAW and TOPSIS models were applied. Also the mean rank, Brada and Copelend methods were used to integrate the results of the models (SAW, TOPSIS). Pearson correlation was used to show the relationship between urbanization rate and distance from the center of the province with the status of development of health services. The results of the present research indicated that four counties were located at develped category. They include: Qasarshirin, Paveh, Sunqor and Kermanshah, respectively. Three counties namely Javanrood, Kangavar and Sahneh were categorized as semi-developed, respectively. Dalahu, Harsin, Gilan-Gharb, Islamabad, and SarPul Zahab were classifies as developing counties. And finally, Ravansar and SalasBabajani were considered as deprived counties of Kermanshah province. According to the results, it was found that there is inequality and difference in distribution of health services among the counties of Kermanshah province and the conditions of counties are different from each other. Also, it was found that there were not any correlations between the rate of urbanization and distance fron the center of province with the development of health-medical services.
Zeinab Kazemi Chamsourak; Hamid Jalalian; Ahmad Zanganeh
Abstract
Rural settlements, as spatial systems, have always been affected by internal and external forces and changes in their structures and functions. Transitional villages are more dynamic and experience more developments than other rural settlements because of their features that are considered neither rural ...
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Rural settlements, as spatial systems, have always been affected by internal and external forces and changes in their structures and functions. Transitional villages are more dynamic and experience more developments than other rural settlements because of their features that are considered neither rural nor urban. The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the changes occurred in transitional rural settlements of Aivan county (Illam province, Iran). This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. Data collection was done by two methods: documentary and field. In documentary method, statistical information and data of the settlements of the study area, literature, and related theoretical bases were collected and studied. In the field method, first-hand data and information were obtained using the Dehyar, Shura (11 questionnaires) and rural residents in transitional villages (184 questionnaires). The statistical population of the study is 55 inhabited villages with a total population of 16281 and 3848 households in Aivan county. Eleven populated villages were selected as transitional and sample villages using four indices of population, centrality, distance to city center and number of governmental and nongovernmental institutions. AHP and TOPSIS methods were applied to weight the aforementioned indicators by experts and to weight the sample villages, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-sample T-test. Findings of the study show that the physical component with a real average of 2.99 is in the first place, the economic component with a real average of 2.88 and the spatial component with a real average of 2.74 is in the third place. This means that the physical, economic and spatial dimensions as external and internal factors have had the most impact on the transitional villages of Aivan county, respectively.
Esmaeil Salehi; Shahrzad Faryadi; Lobat Zebardast; Omid Heydari
Abstract
Stabilizing some services such as parks and green spaces in small towns like Bandar Abbas requires an efficient strategic planning. The purpose of this study was presenting a physical strategy for development of parks and green spaces in Bandar Abbas using Meta-SWOT strategic model. Such a model is applied ...
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Stabilizing some services such as parks and green spaces in small towns like Bandar Abbas requires an efficient strategic planning. The purpose of this study was presenting a physical strategy for development of parks and green spaces in Bandar Abbas using Meta-SWOT strategic model. Such a model is applied in urban and regional research for the first time by the present study. Adopting a descriptive-analytical base, a combination of documentary and field methods were applied for data collection and analysis. The Meta-SWOT analytical technique has been used to formulate a strategy for developing and describing goals, resources and capabilities and macro-environmental factors. Based on results, drought is considered as the biggest environmental obstacle for development and management of parks and green spaces. Among the effective factors for managing and physical development of parks and green spaces in Bandar Abbas, the highest strategic suitability relates to some factors including: people's participation and cooperation, the existence of appropriate infrastructure, the presence of expert human resources and at the top of all proximity to the Persian Gulf. Therefore, the particular attention should be paid to the mentioned factors. Also, the existence of a library and attracting centers such as flower garden as well as experienced people like professors who can train and teach required specialized and technical people should be at the top of the executive to solve human resource constraints.
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei; Majid Kiavarz; Mohsen Kalantari
Abstract
Nowadays, interlinking of structural, social, environmental and economic aspects of cities is a major problem which results from unplanned horizontal expansion of cities and their land-use changes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the land use changes and physical expansion of Babol ...
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Nowadays, interlinking of structural, social, environmental and economic aspects of cities is a major problem which results from unplanned horizontal expansion of cities and their land-use changes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the land use changes and physical expansion of Babol city during the last 30 years and to predict the land use change’s trend for the future. To do so, Landsat multi-temporal images of 1985, 1992, 2000, and 2015 were used. The maximum likelihood algorithm was applied for classification of land use and cross tab model was used for investigation of land use changes. The scattered expansion of the city was examined through Shannon’s entropy index. Moreover, the CA-Markov model was applied to predict the land use change’s trend as well as the physical expansion of Babol city. Results of the present study confirmed the extreme physical expansion of Babol city during the last three decades. Such an expansion was the main reason for degradation of agricultural lands and green spaces around the suburbs. The growth rate of the built-up areas was 92%. The more distance from the built-up areas the less changes occurred in land uses. Also, the Shannon entropy index was increased from 0.73 in 1985 to 0.8 in 2015 which is an indication of the scattered expansion of the city. It can be predicted that besides decreasing 704 hectares of agricultural areas, a 33% growth will be occurred in built up areas from 2015 to 2040. It consequently requires the specific attention of urban managers and planners.
Mostafa Taleshi; Shahbakhti Rostami; Behruz Gharani Arani; Amanallah Taromi
Abstract
Land is the basis of most human activities, production systems, and achieving sustainable development. On the other hand, with social and economic changes and unconventional resource exploitation, land instability conditions are intensifying. Measuring land use changes requires examining issues such ...
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Land is the basis of most human activities, production systems, and achieving sustainable development. On the other hand, with social and economic changes and unconventional resource exploitation, land instability conditions are intensifying. Measuring land use changes requires examining issues such as land use system, land cover, and monitoring patterns. Land use and land cover patterns, by providing monitoring and understanding the process of changes in the exploitation system through the use of remote sensing techniques, facilitate the possibility of reforming and changing policymaking, optimal management, and future planning of environmental resources. The aim of the present study is to monitor the changes in the LULC system in the Kuhpayeh-Segzi sub-basin using satellite images in the period 2000 to 2023 and update spatial information. The results of the evaluation of the land use and land cover maps using the Decision Tree Algorithm indicate an increase in the area of more than 97% of built-up land, 173% of rangeland, 230% of irrigated areas, 72% of agricultural land, and a decrease in the area of more than 14% of barren land. In this process, 913 hectares of barren land, 244 hectares of rangeland, 44 hectares of agricultural land, and 0.155 hectares of irrigated areas have been converted into built-up land. Sustainability of environmental resources, especially reducing the trend of land use and land cover change and stabilizing the exploitation system, requires the implementation of optimal resource management and the application of land protection models with the participation and empowerment of local rural communities.
MohammadReza Rezvani; Yaghob Esfaram; Sayed Reza Hosseini Kahnouj
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 34-49
Abstract
Housing, as a basic need as well as a symbol of human being function is considered as a geographical phenomenon which plays an important role in development of human societies. The main aim of the present study is measuring and spatial analysis of housing development indicators in rural Western Azarbaijan ...
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Housing, as a basic need as well as a symbol of human being function is considered as a geographical phenomenon which plays an important role in development of human societies. The main aim of the present study is measuring and spatial analysis of housing development indicators in rural Western Azarbaijan Province, Iran. The present study is an applied research which methodologically is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods. To get the target, 36 indicators were considered. The indicators are grouped into four categories namely: infrastructure and welfare, strength and structure, sanitary, and facilities. Data collection was based on documentary method. Expert’s opinions are used for selecting the indicators and weighting them. For data analysis and ranking the indicators three models of multi-criteria decision making are applied: TOPSIS, VIKOR and Human Development Index (HDI). To gain a vigorous result, an integrating technique including Mean of weights, Borda and Kaplan methods was applied. Findings of the study indicate that villages of two counties namely: Makou and Chaldoran, according to all models are enjoying the highest level of development. In contrast, villages of Naghadeh and MiandoAb are at the lowest level of rural housing development. Based on integration model, the results show that enough attention should be paid to spatial justice in rural housing development. Such a spatial justice can be used by planners for enhancing the levels of development, reduction of inequality, rural resident’s satisfaction of their housing conditions and finally ending at the local development.
Mohammad Hossein Saraei; Shahabadin Hajforoush
Abstract
Despite the increasing internationally emphasis on planning and practice in developing local communities for poverty alleviation, the planning system of Iran has not only paied enough attention to the development of local communities and the mechanisms that such communities can deal with poverty, but ...
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Despite the increasing internationally emphasis on planning and practice in developing local communities for poverty alleviation, the planning system of Iran has not only paied enough attention to the development of local communities and the mechanisms that such communities can deal with poverty, but also planners and decision makers have little information about the types and characteristics of those neighborhoods that are more interested in developing community-based activities. The participation of Yazd city folks in improving their residential environment in the past was a kind of empowerment in form of a skill by which they were prepared to take some greater social responsibilities. It was a ground for strengthening social life and strengthening local functions. But due to the problems caused by physical expansion of Yazd city in the last 40 years and migration of indigenous inhabitants from the old texture neighborhoods of city, there is no way to apply the past social interactions and the sense of previous solidarity in the future. Therefore, the proper understanding of this concept in relation to the development of Yazd city can be considered very important. The present study aims to build a capacity on the bases of sustainable development and to assess the effective factors or effective barriers of building capacity in Yazd city regarding two reagents of general poverty and space-location geographic. The statistical population of the present study includes all household heads of Yazd city, of them 500 people were selected as a sample using a simple random method. The inferential results derived from one-sample T-test indicated that in all four research capacity elements (physical-environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and political) with a significance level less than 0.05, the mean figure of capacity building in Yazd city was different from the expected one. It means that the upper and lower levels of the differences are less than zero. Therefore, it was showed that the average capacity building in sustainable development of Yazd city and its dimensions has a positive and significant effect. As a conclusion, it was confirmed that there is a meaningful relationship between the mechanism of establishment and planning of urban sustainable development and local capacities in Yazd city. Finally, some strategies are proposed to encourage the residents towards the local development of neighborhoods in order to approach the urban sustainable development.
Esmaiel Aliakbari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 37-54
Abstract
The spatial structure of urban settlement system is affected by two groups of factors, namely physical and non- physical ones. The impact of physical factors on creation of urban systems was very impressive in the past. However, nowadays the main role is played by non- physical factors. Some of these ...
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The spatial structure of urban settlement system is affected by two groups of factors, namely physical and non- physical ones. The impact of physical factors on creation of urban systems was very impressive in the past. However, nowadays the main role is played by non- physical factors. Some of these factors are regional development plans which their impacts on urban system formations are important either in small or large scales of evaluation. Province of Kermanshah and its capital city also called Kermanshah is a remarkable example at Mid- Zagros region as the pole of regional growth during the last five decades. The region has been a target for a wide range of decisions, actions, and policies of regional development in west of Iran. The urban system of Kermanshah province with its imbalance size distribution is an example of the most imbalance and non- sustaining urban systems around the country. Having about one million populations, Kermanshah city is a dominant and concentrated urban pole for the whole province as well as the region. At the same time, the second largest city of the province has a population less than 100,000 or one- tenth of Kermanshah city population. More interestingly is the smallest city, Somar with only 20 residents. The existing gap of size distribution of cities with its Primate City Index which is 0.81 not only in regional scale but also in national scale is very high abnormal. What is considered in the present paper is the role of regional plans in centralization of urban system which results in imbalance spatial structure of urban settlement’s systems. The paper also shows the pivotal function of city-oriented or urban centralization covert in classic views of regional development and regional planning especially the intensive tendency of such views towards the higher levels and head of urban network. It reveals one of the main basic reasons of rapid urban expansion, also polarization of urban system, divergence of settlement system and its harmful consequences on spatial system of the country and its regions with a provisional approach.
mohamadreza rezvani; hossein mansourian; mehrdad mahmoudian zamaneh; Razieh Heydarian Mohammadabadi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 37-48
Abstract
Unemployment is a fundamental issue in world economy so that increase in employment and decrease in unemployment is an important indicator about of development. Iran not alone suffers from high unemployment rate but also the spatial distribution of unemployment rate is very solicitous. These papers with ...
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Unemployment is a fundamental issue in world economy so that increase in employment and decrease in unemployment is an important indicator about of development. Iran not alone suffers from high unemployment rate but also the spatial distribution of unemployment rate is very solicitous. These papers with emphasis on exploratory spatial data analysis investigate the spatial distribution of unemployment rate in urban and rural areas with using data of census 2011. Results of exploratory spatial data analysis indicate clustering (positive spatial autocorrelation) and spatial heterogeneous in spatial distribution of urban and rural unemployment in Iran's counties. Therefore results of this paper can provide context for proper planning in order to obviation regional inequality in unemployment rate in Iran.
Aliakbar Anabestani; Mahdi Javanshiri
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 37-62
Abstract
The physical environment form of a settlement is an effective factor in formation the security sense for its residents. The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of sprawl on the sense of physical security in rural settlements of Binaloud county based on CPTED approach. Based on aim, the ...
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The physical environment form of a settlement is an effective factor in formation the security sense for its residents. The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of sprawl on the sense of physical security in rural settlements of Binaloud county based on CPTED approach. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable, and based on methodology it is a descriptive-analytical research. Statistical sample includes 190 rural households selected from all 5766 households resided in 8 villages of Binaloud county. The sample was selected by stratified random method. The results showed that road quality index with a mean of 3.05 had the least effect on creating the sense of security among the villagers. In contrast, the indices of vegetation (with a mean of 3.35), grading and density (with a mean of 3.26) and natural or informal monitoring (with a mean of 3.24), had a greater impact on promoting the sense of security among the residents. According to Pearson correlation results, there is a significant and indirect relationship between the sprawl and the sense of physical security with a coefficient of -0.2. The results of the path analysis indicated that spatial-physical index with the coefficient of influence of -0.354 had the greatest direct impact on sense of physical security. Subsequently, we calculated the indirect coefficients of the independent variables on the main dependent variable in the four stages of path analysis and investigated the total direct and indirect effects. As a result, the spatial-temporal index with the coefficient of influence of 0.354, and then the social index with the coefficient of influence of 0.142 and the environmental index with the coefficient of influence of -0.129 had the greatest effects on developing the sense of physical security respectively.
Reyhaneh Soltani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 39-48
Abstract
Physical textures of villages are considered as the location of many various and important activities of rural life. Some other rural functions are closely related to the physical texture of villages, too. For example, any changes of socio-cultural and economic characteristics of villages are reflected ...
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Physical textures of villages are considered as the location of many various and important activities of rural life. Some other rural functions are closely related to the physical texture of villages, too. For example, any changes of socio-cultural and economic characteristics of villages are reflected in their physical textures. Such changes indicate the impact and influence of different events including urbanism on rural settlements. Because, villages have different relations with urban centers, and dimensions and extent of these relationships have many influences on rural physical textures and would cause change of structure and function of rural housing. Such changes are more visible in outskirts of cities where the extent of changes are wider. Traditional rural houses are different from urban houses because of their various and different functions and functional spaces in which rural activities can be done easier. However, new rural houses that copy their urban counterpart patterns are mono-functional and have created some challenges in new rural activities. The present study applies a descriptive-analytical method and required data are collected through documentary and field studies. Findings show that urbanism has changed the structure and functions of traditional rural houses. Modern rural housing has also affected functions of houses due to the adaptation of urban housing pattern.
Mahmood Ziaee; Niloofar Mahdikhani
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 39-54
Abstract
If we consider each city as a person, this person is known with some unique personality characters and it will have its own features. The aim of this research is to deliberate the amount of congruity toward destination personality and tourist personality (both ideal congruity and actual congruity) ...
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If we consider each city as a person, this person is known with some unique personality characters and it will have its own features. The aim of this research is to deliberate the amount of congruity toward destination personality and tourist personality (both ideal congruity and actual congruity) who wants to choose the city as his or her own tourism destination. Personality dimensions considered in this research include: sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, ruggedness. The used model in this research is brand personality model by Jennifer A. Aaker and these dimensions are according to that model. the questionnaires were filled by tourists of hotels with 3,4 or 5stars in two Tourism destinations which were chosen as case studies of this research, Shiraz & Yazd. according to statistical studies it concluded that there is a positive integration between ideal and actual tourist personality and the most important dimensions are sincerity and ruggedness.
Hossein Imani Jajarmi; Anvar Mohammadi; Saadiye Salehi
Abstract
One of the important plans implemented by the Islamic Revolution's Housing Foundation in villages of Iran is the "Credits for Upgrading and Renovating of Rural Houses Plan". The plan was started since 2005. Villages of Dowlatabad district in Ravansar county were one of the targets for the mentioned plan. ...
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One of the important plans implemented by the Islamic Revolution's Housing Foundation in villages of Iran is the "Credits for Upgrading and Renovating of Rural Houses Plan". The plan was started since 2005. Villages of Dowlatabad district in Ravansar county were one of the targets for the mentioned plan. By the early 2012, a total number of 246 rural residents had received "the End of Work" certificate in Dowlatabad district. But the plan was implemented without any social impact's assessment. Therefore, it carried out both positive and negative consequences, some of which had not ever been foreseen. The present study applied a qualitative method for assessing the social impacts of such a project during 2005 to 2011. Semi-structured interview method was used for data collection and we applied the grounded theory method to analyze the information. We also used a theoretical and purposive sampling method with a sample size of 22, as the result of theoretical saturation. To analyze the information and construct the grounded theory, we completed three stages of coding (open, axial, and selective). The results of the research are presented in the form of a model that includes conditions (causative, interventional, background), strategies and actions / interactions and consequences. The results of the research indicated that despite some positive outcomes of the plan, it has had some negative consequences and unpredictable functions such as ignoring the elderly, change of livelihood, and migration. Such consequences would somehow be prevented or mitigated if a social impact assessment of the plan was already carried out.
Mohammad Haseli; Hassan Afrakhteh; yadollah karimipoor; Hamid Abdollahiyan
Abstract
In Iran, which is a water-scarce country, planning is centralized and large-scale based on political-contractual boundaries. This has led to the degradation of the functional levels of the land and has caused numerous problems. Therefore, finding the optimal geographical context and efficient planning ...
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In Iran, which is a water-scarce country, planning is centralized and large-scale based on political-contractual boundaries. This has led to the degradation of the functional levels of the land and has caused numerous problems. Therefore, finding the optimal geographical context and efficient planning unit for the lower levels has always been the focus of planning scholars including geographers. The purpose of this study is to propose a basis for the political division of space for spatial planning and transition from centralized national-sectoral planning. This research is theoretical and in terms of nature and method, it is a deep descriptive-analytical case study. The present study, with a combined approach (analogy and deduction), firstly, by analogy and logical analysis, evaluates the status quo using documentary study. Then, it studies inductively the Karkheh catchment as a spatial domain of research in order to explain an alternative pattern. Analyzes were performed using Arc GIS software. New theories of development, especially the theory of bio-regionalism, emphasize ecological factors in the designation of biological areas. The ecological implications of these theories have been specifically introduced through catchments and their relationship to communities. The findings of the study identified the catchment as a bio-regional boundary and considered the Karkheh catchment to be compatible with the Lak spoken area. The results show that Karkheh catchment can be a suitable spatial planning unit for the study area. The relative homogeneity in the structure of natural-ecological, social, cultural, economic, and spatial convergence within the territory as well as the adaptation of rural and urban settlements to the Karkhe catchment branches confirms this result.
Mostafa Ghadami; Yousef Bahrami; Mahsa Deylam Salehi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 45-56
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and urban population has increased the need for mobility and travel demand day by day and Prolongation of Travel times has caused to increase the contribution of private travel modes (auto), increase traffic, noise and air pollution due to the transport system. In this regard, It can ...
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Rapid urbanization and urban population has increased the need for mobility and travel demand day by day and Prolongation of Travel times has caused to increase the contribution of private travel modes (auto), increase traffic, noise and air pollution due to the transport system. In this regard, It can be said that widespread use of Automobile in cities, is a reflection of the increasing need to travel and the average its distance as a result of horizontal and widespread growth of cities and a disturbance in the structure order and urban spatial form and spatial distribution of activities. This research aimed to investigate the influence of physical form factors of urban styles on citizen's travel mode in the Sari city and to recognize the dominant patterns of travel. In this study, research type is applied- developmental and conducted by a "survey" method. Statistical society is 6 neighborhood of neighborhoods of Sari that 300 person were selected of these people by using Cochran formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method and were studied factors of mixed usage, connectivity and density in three form of compact, semi- compact and sprawl. This study, after analysis evidence acknowledges that urban form variables are effective factor in choosing citizen's travel mode in the Sari city. The results show that the "density" factor has the most effect on travel mode to the workplace in the compact form (EXP (B):5.533(. Also, "connectivity" factor had the most effect in the use of public transport on travel mode to the workplace respectively in semi- compact and sprawl form with quantities (EXP (B): 5.324) and (EXP (B): 5.130).
Seyyed Mehdi Mousakazemi; Esmaeil Aliakbari; Parviz Arani
Abstract
In compare to driving, cycling and other transportation modes, people pay more attention to their surrounding and connect with the environment while they are walking. Therefore, urban elements closed to the walking paths should be considered as very important elements. Pedestrians, while talking and ...
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In compare to driving, cycling and other transportation modes, people pay more attention to their surrounding and connect with the environment while they are walking. Therefore, urban elements closed to the walking paths should be considered as very important elements. Pedestrians, while talking and shopping, accept more impacts from the environment and its characters than any other occasions. Separating the pedestrian spaces from roadways and streets can decrease the effects of noise and environmental pollutions and finally improve the issue of commuting in the city. The present study focuses on designing and constructing five pedestrian zones in metropolitan of Tehran and investigates their functions on urban structure. In the present study, attention is paid to five pedestrian zones of Tehran metropolitan to investigate their effects on urban structure. To do this, the emphasis of the present study is on changes occurred in three criteria including: “urban commuting space”, “green space and environmental health”, and “urban identity”, after construction of the pedestrian zones. Main required data were collected from the questionnaire designed and completed by the local businessmen community and pedestrian zone users. Field and documentary data were used as well. The sample included 350 questionnaires selected by Cochran formula. The results indicated that the studied areas have already moved towards a homogeneous situation due to the construction of pedestrian zones. Also, in one-way analysis of variance, five pedestrian zones showed a significant difference of improvement among the criteria, which means that there is a functional difference between some of them.
pargool solimanimoghaddam; nima valibeig; Nasim Jafari
Abstract
One of the influential factors in pedestrian-based sustainable transport is the understanding of human behavior patterns in urban environments. Neglecting the sustainable transport causes heterogeneity in behavioral patterns and urban access networks. Therefore, by recognizing and analyzing pedestrianism ...
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One of the influential factors in pedestrian-based sustainable transport is the understanding of human behavior patterns in urban environments. Neglecting the sustainable transport causes heterogeneity in behavioral patterns and urban access networks. Therefore, by recognizing and analyzing pedestrianism indexes, it is possible to create a suitable environment for sustainable transport in the city. There is a direct relationship between indices of pedestrianism and sustainable transport goals. The purpose of the present research is an attempt to prioritize the effective pedestrian indexes in the sustainable development of the texture surrounding the Naqshe Jahan square. To achieve the goal of the research, the model of Analytical Network Process (ANP) is applied in order to analyze the pedestrianism indices in sustainable transport. In terms of its purpose, the present study is an applicable and in terms of its method, it is a descriptive-analytical research. Also, for data collection and literature review three methods were used namely: documentary, interviews with experts, and questionnaire. For data analysis the Super Decision software was used as the main research tool. The results of the research indicated that among the pedestrianism indexes, the index of social interactions has the first priority. For the sub-sections, the index of comfort for pedestrians has the first priority, and for the options section, Ostandari street lies among the most priority pedestrianism indexes for sustainable transportation in the historical texture surrounding the Naqshe Jahan square, respectively.
Amer Nikpour; Milad Hasanalizadeh
Abstract
One of the weaknesses of urban renewal and improvement projects is the mere physical look at worn-out structures. The aim of this study is to analyze the adaptation of worn-out tissue area to the poverty areas of Ghaemshahr city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical ...
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One of the weaknesses of urban renewal and improvement projects is the mere physical look at worn-out structures. The aim of this study is to analyze the adaptation of worn-out tissue area to the poverty areas of Ghaemshahr city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The data related to the theoretical foundations of the research have been prepared in the form of libraries and documents and the raw data of the research have been extracted from the statistical blocks of Ghaemshahr city, which has been prepared based on the 2011 census of the Statistics Center of Iran. For scale-lessing 36 urban poverty indicators, fuzzy method has been used in Excel software environment. Hot spot method has been used in ArcGIS software environment for zoning poverty. The area of the worn-out texture has also been extracted from the studies of the Ghaemshahr city renovation and improvement plan and its boundary has been drawn on the statistical blocks. With the adaptation of the worn-out tissue range and the poverty zones, it has become clear that large areas of poverty are not within the worn-out tissue range. This deprives these areas of poverty of benefits and facilities related to improvement, renovation and re-creation, and of discounts and exemptions for the payment of construction fees within the scope of worn-out tissue provided by the government and municipalities. Be useless. Currently, 296/6 hectares of the total area of urban blocks is allocated to worn-out tissue, while 1178 hectares are located in the poverty zones. Surveys show that there is an adaptation and overlap between approximately 10% of the area and population of worn-out tissue and poverty zones. Therefore, it is necessary to review the worn-out texture plan and identify new areas by using more precise methods and considering the issue of urban poverty.
