Hossein Farahani; jamshid einali; Masomeh Mouradi
Abstract
Tourism has been renowned for its diverse functions, high ability to connect with other sectors of the economy, socio-economic development and changing lifestyle of rural areas. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of tourism development on changing the lifestyle of tourism target ...
Read More
Tourism has been renowned for its diverse functions, high ability to connect with other sectors of the economy, socio-economic development and changing lifestyle of rural areas. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of tourism development on changing the lifestyle of tourism target villages in eastern Alamut district of Qazvin county. According to the Census of Population and Housing in 2016, the total number of households in these villages is 879. Using Cochran formula, the number of samples needed to complete the questionnaire was 268. The validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by experts. The reliability of the variables was calculated as 0.86% by Cronbach's alpha. Statistical tests such as one-sample t-test, regression, and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. The results show that tourism development has a positive impact on lifestyle change. According to the regression fitting model, the coefficient of determination was 0.739 indicating a positive relationship between tourism and lifestyle change. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that two villages namely: Masudabad (with a mean of 3.5599) and Zarabad (with a mean of 3.4778) had received the most impact and Andaj (with a mean of 2.6314) had received the least impact of tourism development.
hamid Jalalian; Parviz Zeaiean; Parastoo Darouei; Khadije Karimi
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 73-98
Abstract
Rapid expansion of cities and their uneven physical growth, which calls “urban sprawl”, has some consequences such as; vanishing the villages and their surrounding farm lands, converting agricultural lands into other land uses, and destructing the ecological resources. Such a situation is ...
Read More
Rapid expansion of cities and their uneven physical growth, which calls “urban sprawl”, has some consequences such as; vanishing the villages and their surrounding farm lands, converting agricultural lands into other land uses, and destructing the ecological resources. Such a situation is more serious in regional metropolises. Isfahan and Urmia are two important regional metropolises with different environmental and economic structures. Both cities have experienced a rapid expansion during the recent years. The present paper has adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to study the physical expansion of the mentioned cities and their impacts on the surrounding areas. Required data were collected using documentary method, and required remote sensing data were obtained from Landsat7 images in 2001 and Landsat8 images in 2013. Comparing different periodic images of two cities and analyzing obtained data from Statistical Center of Iran showed that both Isfahan and Urmia are vastly facing with rapid population growth and alteration of their surrounding’s land uses. Application of the Holdren method for a duration of 1956-2011 showed that physical expansion is more than the real needs of the population in both cities, especially in Urmia. The result of such process is alteration of more and more agricultural lands into other applications. The rate of population growth in Isfahan, during the study span time, was nearly consistent, but in Urmia the trend was different with a high population growth especially at the beginning of 1980s due to Iraq-Iran war. It can be concluded that main reasons for alteration of farm lands around Urmia include: inefficiencies associated with urban detailed plans, low levels of farm land prices against the urban ones, vulnerability of horticultural activities next to the city, and lower rates of financial interests of agricultural activities. But, the main reasons for converting the farm lands into urban construction in Isfahan are: industrialization of the area, constructing residential estates around the city, and expansion of academic and government activities at the surrounding area. The mentioned factors have accelerated migration of different groups of people from nearby villages and towns towards Isfahan. Therefore, population growth and need for urban constructions have been leading to change the agricultural land uses and finally more vulnerability and inconsistence of environmental resources.
hamzeh Ahmadi; Akbar Shaemi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 75-88
Abstract
The study of bioclimatic comfort can help the process of planning and development in different geographic regions. There is a direct relation between human health and comfort in physical environment with the climatic conditions of the regions. Nowadays, human bioclimatic studies are considered as the ...
Read More
The study of bioclimatic comfort can help the process of planning and development in different geographic regions. There is a direct relation between human health and comfort in physical environment with the climatic conditions of the regions. Nowadays, human bioclimatic studies are considered as the base for most urban, civil, settlement, architect, and tourism planning. The present study has evaluated climatic comfort of Illam city based on Terjung, Beaker, Neurotic Pressure, Olgay and Chellwind bioclimatic indices using synoptic whether statistics of Illam station during 1986-2008. Findings show that there is a wide range of warm to cold bioclimatic conditions throughout the year. Among the applied methods, Terjung method operated better than others to show the bioclimatic conditions. Assessing the human comfort of bioclimatic conditions of Illam during different months of year can be considered as a base for different development plans of the city.
Ali Akbar Anabestani; Vahid Riahi; Seyed Farajollah Tofighian Asl
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 75-88
Abstract
Today, rural construction is considered as one of the main components of the rural develop-ment. one of the most important plans for the improvement and development of the villages is the implementation of the Rural Guide Plan. In this context, the present research is to define criteria for assessing ...
Read More
Today, rural construction is considered as one of the main components of the rural develop-ment. one of the most important plans for the improvement and development of the villages is the implementation of the Rural Guide Plan. In this context, the present research is to define criteria for assessing the environmental effects of implementing the Rural Guide Plan according to rele-vant sources. In this study the research methodology in terms of objective is applied and in terms of method it is analytical-descriptive. The major parts of the required data were collected through field studies and using questionnaires. The collected data was then fed into the statistical package for the social science (SPSS) in order to be analyzed and one sample T- test was utilized. Based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was 311 households which were determined by simple random sampling method among families in Shoosti- Zamni village, Babamidan village in Rostam County. The results of the study revealed that despite implementing the Rural Guide Plan problems such as air pollution due to the unhygienic disposal of waste, water stagnations and flooding out of water due to unprincipled constructions of the street curbs and the sidewalks and expansion of pollution caused by animal waste have considerably negative environmental impacts on the villag-es. In these regards, the main findings include the lack or defect in environmental studies during preparing plans and also defect in predicting the consequences of implementing the ten-stage pro-jects in the environments of the villages. Finally, based on the findings of the field studies and the results, some guidelines were provided as feedbacks in order to modify their approach to intervene in the natural environment and the rural environment. The most important of them include correc-tion of service plan description and leading them towards prioritizing environmental studies as well as to the region (habitat)-centered approach in preparing and implementing projects.
Azadeh i Arbabi Sabzevar; Farinaz Najari Mehrbani
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 78-85
Abstract
In the present study the runoff resulted from snowmelt is simulated using the SRM model in Taleghan basin. Snow, as one of the main causes of water storage plays an important role in removal of the challenges in water resources management, especially in mountainous areas. The water resulted from snow ...
Read More
In the present study the runoff resulted from snowmelt is simulated using the SRM model in Taleghan basin. Snow, as one of the main causes of water storage plays an important role in removal of the challenges in water resources management, especially in mountainous areas. The water resulted from snow melting plays an important role in the development of surface runoff and ground water recharge. Snow coverage represents the amount of water stored in mountain basins. Here, snow is considered as an equivalent for water and has a great effect on the hydrological simulation in Taleghan watershed. According to the studies carried out in this area, due to the natural and climatic characteristics of the region, there exist relatively favorable conditions for the development of horticulture, agriculture and urban expansion. The present study has simulated the daily yield model with the square of the correlation coefficient of 45%. The results indicated that the SRM Simulation Model is a suitable tool for estimating the amount of runoff resulted from snow melting with a high degree of accuracy. The applied model is a sufficient one to estimate and predict the flow of snowmelt and efficient management of water resources. The model is also very important in physical development and enhancement of the environmental conditions.
Reyhaneh Soltanimoghadas
Abstract
There has recently occurred a massive change of land use in rural settlements in the hinterland of cities. The expansion of urbanization has induced considerable changes in rural settlements with some physical, social, economic and environmental consequences. One of the most important consequences of ...
Read More
There has recently occurred a massive change of land use in rural settlements in the hinterland of cities. The expansion of urbanization has induced considerable changes in rural settlements with some physical, social, economic and environmental consequences. One of the most important consequences of land use change is the conversion of agricultural land into residential applications, which has reduced the production capacity of rural settlements. The present study was carried out in Qarchak county and 4 villages were selected as the case study. Of total population of the study area, 240 cases were selected as the sample. The research method drew on both quantitative and qualitative approaches and the data was collected using documentary and field surveys. Also, the relationship between items was evaluated using factor analysis method. According to the findings, the measurement indices of each scale used at a confidence interval of 5% had a t-value of more than 1.96, indicating a significant correlation between research items. The mean villagers' views about the effect of land use change were as follows: environmental dimension (3.61), physical dimension (3.99), social dimension (3.421) and economic dimension (58.3) all obtained at a significant level of 0.0001. The estimated t-value (246.11) was larger than the critical value of 1.96, which confirmed the relationship between test items. Therefore, it can be concluded that expanded residential use, due to population absorption and its associated social impacts such as social differences and economic consequences like increased intermediary businesses and land deals have induced environmental impacts in terms of reduced green space and agricultural lands.
Farhad Azizpour
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 81-90
Abstract
The Rural Conducting Plan (RCP) has provided an arena for physical order in villages including prohibiting illegal constructions, defining needs, designating land-use for public services, and planning for the future physical expansions, however it has ca used some negative consequences for villages and ...
Read More
The Rural Conducting Plan (RCP) has provided an arena for physical order in villages including prohibiting illegal constructions, defining needs, designating land-use for public services, and planning for the future physical expansions, however it has ca used some negative consequences for villages and villagers such as weakening the physical texture integration and weak attention to rural resident’s participation. There exist several factors relating to the failure of Rural Conducting Plans to organize the rural systems among them the impact of theoretical approach towards the plan is more important. The said approach is a comprehensive planning strategy based on function-oriented theory. The present paper has a theoretical-fundamental character that applies a descriptive-analytical method. Required data are collected using a documentary method to find and to explain the basic reason (s) of the weak effectiveness of the RCPs. Findings of the present study show that revising and rethinking of the dominant conceptual system of the RCP is a necessity. It is evident that some conceptual theories and strategies are not matched with resolving complicated and ongoing needs of human societies. The paper concludes that a structural-functional strategy that has already been adopted to explain the problems of rural societies can provide an actual spatial planning base for different scales of settlement systems especially rural settlements.
Seyyed Mahdi Mousakazemi; Zeynab Farraji Chanzab
Abstract
Urban green space is one of the land uses that its distribution across the city is crucially important. Ardabil can be considered as a city with an inappropriate distribution of green space. The allocated green space per capita in Ardabil is 7.3 square meters. This figure is quite far from the indices ...
Read More
Urban green space is one of the land uses that its distribution across the city is crucially important. Ardabil can be considered as a city with an inappropriate distribution of green space. The allocated green space per capita in Ardabil is 7.3 square meters. This figure is quite far from the indices determined by the United Nations Environment Organization which considers 20 to 25 square meters for each person. The present study was aimed at analyzing 44 neighborhoods of Ardabil city based on 11 selected indicators of green space availability set by experts. Based on type, the present study is an applied research with a descriptive-analytical method. The required data was obtained from the parks and green space organization of Ardabil in 2015 as well as through a field study. Then, in order to rank all 44 neighborhoods of Ardabil city according to their existing green spaces we have applied the Copeland model to integrate several multi-criteria decision-making models including TOPSIS, VIKOR, ELECTERE, and SAW. As a result, all neighborhoods of Ardabil were grouped into four categories namely: enjoyed, semi-enjoyed, deprived, and very deprived. As seven neighborhoods of the city lacked any kinds of green space, and most of the other neighborhoods fall in the deprived category, it can be said that the distribution of urban green space in Ardabil is an unbalanced distribution.
Mohammad Nazari; Kiana Etemadi; Seyed Mojtaba Ghazi Mirsaeed
Abstract
Good urban governance is considered as one of the most effective and sustainable approaches to urban management, which is based on democratic development. This approach is based on concepts such as transparency, accountability and responsibility, responsiveness, justice, participation, effectiveness ...
Read More
Good urban governance is considered as one of the most effective and sustainable approaches to urban management, which is based on democratic development. This approach is based on concepts such as transparency, accountability and responsibility, responsiveness, justice, participation, effectiveness and efficiency, which are known as indicators of good urban governance. The current research aims to evaluate the urban management system of Semnan city in order to measure the indicators of good urban governance and to identify the performance of city managers within the framework of these indicators. The approach of this research is based on qualitative analysis and a combination of descriptive and analytical methods are applied. Also, in terms of research strategy, it is a survey and field type study. The required data are collected through face-to-face visits and in the form of 14 interviews with experts, managers and citizens. Also, qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the interview data and categorize and identify the strengths and weaknesses of Semnan's urban management in the framework of each of the indicators of good urban governance. Finally, the results obtained from the evaluation of the interviews indicated that among the indicators of good urban governance, participation indicators with 64%, receptive and responsive index with 57%, and justice index with 42% need to be recreated, and to be more considered. With the recent actions of managers and organizations involved in the urban management of the city of Semnan, relative progress can be seen in the direction of realizing the indicators of transparency, effectiveness, and efficiency.
Behroz Mohamadi Yaganeh; Soroush Sanaei Moghadam; Mahdi Cheraghi
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 91-108
Abstract
The basin of rural housing issues crucial to the ripped and communities and various countries faced with many problems in this area and have adequate shelter and the kind of quality issue that all countries, according to their conditions, is involved. As one of the most important factors in rural ...
Read More
The basin of rural housing issues crucial to the ripped and communities and various countries faced with many problems in this area and have adequate shelter and the kind of quality issue that all countries, according to their conditions, is involved. As one of the most important factors in rural development, sustainable housing dimensions and hence knowledge of the characteristics and analysis of various components of sustainable rural housing is important; The aim of this study is to provide good algorithms for sustainable rural housing in the study area is based on mutual information analysis. Applied research, descriptive-analytic method used to collect data and information from the library and survey methods (Prsshnamh and observation) is used. To analyze the data from one sample T-test and analysis methods to influence and impact indicators mutual information (feature selection methods) using the programming capabilities in MATLAB software environment is taken advantage of. The population of this research includes the heads of households in rural areas residential units Zylayy stack that is taken into account Balghbr 1134 households. The results show that by using SPSS statistical Tjzyhvthlylhay The social dimension of sustainability, the physical and economic conditions somewhat stable and unstable aspects of environmental and architectural features is the mutual information and results of the analysis showed that after weighing 323/1 high social impact and inspiration to among the rural housing is stability.
Yousef Ghanbari; Zahra Kazemi; Fatemeh Kazemi
Volume 4, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 93-109
Abstract
The research has been done to plan the sustainable development of tourism with emphasis on ecological residences in Hanza region. This research is a practical study with a descriptive- analytic approach. The studied population consists of two groups of tourists and experts. All the population of experts ...
Read More
The research has been done to plan the sustainable development of tourism with emphasis on ecological residences in Hanza region. This research is a practical study with a descriptive- analytic approach. The studied population consists of two groups of tourists and experts. All the population of experts has been studied due to its small size. While the population of tourists due to the uncertainty of the size and the minimum sample size for surveys, 120 tourists were selected from March 2015. Cronbach's alpha value for ensurence index were calculated for the tourists 0/81 and 0/89 for the Group of Experts. Data were analyzed in the softwares of SPSS and Excel with using one-sample T-test, Friedman test and SWOT model. One-sample T-test results showed that the satisfaction of tourists from facilities with average 1/55 and satisfaction in terms of the tourism potential was above average 14/17. Results of Friedman test that used to prioritize residences in Hanza region showed that the most appropriate option for tourists to stay are ecological residences. In addition to, the results of SWOT model indicated that making ecological destinations have various weaknesses and threats despite have strengths. Among the strategies, first place with a score of 3/053, threats, weaknesses, with scores 3/013, 2/879 and 2/874 respectively next ranks. The best strategy according to the conditions of the ecological destinations in Hanza region is the competitive aggressive strategies with an emphasis on maintaining the existing situation.
Ahmad Pourahmad; Yaghob Abdali; Alireza Sadeghi; Sara AllahGholiPour
Abstract
Nowadays, a large number of cities and settlements are built in places that are exposed to natural or man-made disasters. So, addressing the physical problems of residential buildings of cities and explaining the concept of resilience are two essential issues to be considered. Thus, enough ...
Read More
Nowadays, a large number of cities and settlements are built in places that are exposed to natural or man-made disasters. So, addressing the physical problems of residential buildings of cities and explaining the concept of resilience are two essential issues to be considered. Thus, enough attention should be paid to rehabilitating such problematic tissues. The study area comprises the central part of Hamedan, with 55387 inhabitants and 13663 residential buildings with an area of 29722351 square meters. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on methodology it is a descriptive-analytical one which follows a physical-structural approach. Investigated indices in the present study include: building structure, material types, number of floors, aggregation, building age, permeability, building quality and number of units. Spatial Autocorrelation method was used to explore patterns of regression and to weigh the spatial data layers. Also Spatial Autocorrelation technique of Moran (Aselin local Morans) has been applied to investigate the spatial distribution pf residential resielience prioritization. Results of the present study show that 22147924 square meters (74.52 percent of the total area), which includes 7280 building blocks locates in low-resielence to non-resielence range of measure. Such a situation necessitates a quick and mitigate planning for rehabilating the area specially in case of building structure, permeability, building quality and building age.
Asghar Norouzi; Elahe Ebrahimi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 93-109
Abstract
Governance as a new idea is replacing the concept of government. The concept of governance is based on cooperation between governments and civil societies. The fundamental principle of the concept is that instead of full responsibility for the country’s administration by the government, the citizens, ...
Read More
Governance as a new idea is replacing the concept of government. The concept of governance is based on cooperation between governments and civil societies. The fundamental principle of the concept is that instead of full responsibility for the country’s administration by the government, the citizens, private sectors, and public institutions are also responsible for running the country. In recent decades, the approach has been developed in rural areas and modern management with a focus on rural district administration and Islamic Councils is one its manifestations. The present study, using descriptive-analytical method, investigates the realization of good governance indicators in rural areas of Lenjan County. The study is a practical type and the required data was collected by documentary-field methods. The statistical society includes all the villagers in which the sample was obtained by cluster random sampling method. Accordingly, views and international experiences were studied and explored, among them eight important indicators of good governance in sample villages were tested through completion of 250 questionnaires by the heads of households. The results of applying t-test showed that good governance indicators with total mean of 3.24 have been realized less than the desired level. Specifically, the indicators of justice and equality were higher than the desired mean of the researcher (3.5), but the rest were lower than the desired level. The result of kruskal-Wallis test to compare villages’ rankings also showed that there were significant differences between villages regarding realization of good governance. The results of applying one-way analysis variance (ANOVA) also showed that regarding good governance indicators villages were significantly different.
Ahmad Hami; Saadi Faraji; Farzin Emami
Abstract
Paying attention to the quality indicators of park formation can lead to coherence and social sustainability of cities. The present research is aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of regional parks in Tabriz in order to provide a suitable and practical solution for managers and designers ...
Read More
Paying attention to the quality indicators of park formation can lead to coherence and social sustainability of cities. The present research is aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the quality of regional parks in Tabriz in order to provide a suitable and practical solution for managers and designers of green spaces. Data collection was done using questionnaire which were completed by 300 park visitors. Different methods were applied for data analysis including descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation and step by step regression. Using factor analysis, eleven sub-components were extracted with an alphfa greater than 0.7 of main components of the research. The main components include: access and communication, socialization, comfort and perspective, user and activity; and the sub-components include: accessibility, furniture, facilities and services, security, social groups, various social activities, meeting place, environment, quality of management, quality of maintenance, and design quality. The results of the analysis showed that accessibility, socialization, user and activities, comfort and perspective were ranked from the highest quality to the lowest one, respectively. Among the sub-components, environment is the most important factor in the quality of parks, and the importance of social groups, access to the park, security, meeting place, various social activities, furniture, and facilities were ranked in the following order, respectively. The results of Pearson test also showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between independent components (access and communication, socialization, comfort and perspective, user and activity) with the dependent variable (regional park quality). These components are also able to explain and define 54.6% of the quality of the regional parks (dependent variables).
Rahman Zandi; Mokhtar Karami; Jalal Taheri
Abstract
During the last four decades, the rapid growth of urbanization has dramatically transformed many natural phenomena. Such changes led eventually to changes in the Earth's surface temperature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between land use changes and spatial variations ...
Read More
During the last four decades, the rapid growth of urbanization has dramatically transformed many natural phenomena. Such changes led eventually to changes in the Earth's surface temperature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between land use changes and spatial variations of thermal islands in Mashhad from 1998 to 2016. Thus, land surface temperature and land use changes of Mashhad were extracted using Landsat satellite imagery (1998- 2016). The CA Markov model has also been used to simulate and predict the expansion of Mashhad. From 1998 to 2016, the constructed area, green space, rangeland and barren lands are changed from 138.52, 46.49, 35.85 and 100.71 square kilometers to 198.87, 29.98, 31.29 and 64.62 square kilometers, respectively. Thermal islands in terms of number and extent in 1998 were less extensive and less synchronous than in 2016. In 1998 the maximum level of temperature was between 42 to 48 degrees Celsius but it reached 46 to 52 in 2016. With respect to the expansion of constructed area in the mentioned time period, the thermal islands are moved from outside of the city to the inside and have been overlapped with hard and impenetrable planes. The obtained results from the prediction illustrate that the expansion of city will occur in northwestern sides more than the others and it will be less in southern sides due to the existence of altitudes.
Ayuob Badragh Nejad; Ebrahim Moammeri
Abstract
Rapid urban transformations, particularly population growth and the physical–spatial expansion of cities, have often not been accompanied by the balanced development of urban services and facilities. This imbalance, as one of the underlying structural causes, has led to fragmentation in the distribution ...
Read More
Rapid urban transformations, particularly population growth and the physical–spatial expansion of cities, have often not been accompanied by the balanced development of urban services and facilities. This imbalance, as one of the underlying structural causes, has led to fragmentation in the distribution system of service centers across urban areas, resulting in spatial inequality and structural imbalance in the distribution of urban services. In Gorgan city, unbalanced urban growth and increasing migration—especially the concentration of development in the climatically favorable southern areas—have highlighted the necessity of reassessing urban land-use distribution through the lens of spatial justice. The present study is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature and methodology. Spatial analysis and visualization tools available in ArcGIS 10.4 were used to evaluate the data. The required information was collected through documentary and library-based methods, including land-use maps from the comprehensive and detailed urban plans of Gorgan, statistical block data from the 2016 census, and the geographic locations of educational centers. After identifying the locations of educational facilities, the spatial distribution pattern of these centers was analyzed using spatial statistical techniques, including the Nearest Neighbor Index, multi-distance cluster analysis, and Moran’s I statistic. The spatial justice approach, emphasizing the equitable distribution of services, infrastructure, and opportunities among urban areas, plays a critical role in achieving spatial balance and sustainable development. The novelty of this research lies in applying practical spatial indicators for the classification and evaluation of urban land uses. The results of the Nearest Neighbor Analysis revealed that educational services in Gorgan exhibit a clustered spatial distribution pattern with a coefficient of 0.645. This pattern was statistically significant (p-value < 0.01), indicating the concentration of services in certain areas and insufficient access in others. Furthermore, the Global Moran’s I coefficient (0.096) and a Z-score of 3.64, with a 99% confidence level, confirmed the clustered distribution of educational services across Gorgan’s neighborhoods. This finding indicates the emergence of advantaged and disadvantaged areas (hot spots and cold spots) in terms of access to educational facilities. The findings demonstrate a considerable degree of spatial inequality in access to educational services in Gorgan City. The clustered distribution pattern highlights the gap between well-served and underserved areas and underscores the need to revise urban service distribution policies based on a spatial justice approach. Overall, the results indicate that educational indicators and land uses in Gorgan are distributed unevenly and in clustered forms, emphasizing the necessity for urban managers and planners to promote a more balanced spatial distribution of educational facilities.
heidar lotfi
Abstract
Border markets are among the variables that affect the balance of economic space between the border regions of Iran and other regions of the country. The process of balancing can have positive and negative effects on the border regions and the rest of the country. The main question of the present study ...
Read More
Border markets are among the variables that affect the balance of economic space between the border regions of Iran and other regions of the country. The process of balancing can have positive and negative effects on the border regions and the rest of the country. The main question of the present study is that how can the Iranian border markets, specifically Marivan border market have a convergening and overlapping role in balancing the other economic spaces of Iran? The present study attempts to apply the SWOT model by classifying and analyzing the internal and external factors as well as considering the economic strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the border markets to be balanced with the other economic spaces of Iran. To determine the weight of criteria, Analytica Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied. Results of the present study indicate that the optimal strategies to make a balance between border markets and other economic regions of the country are competitive strategies. The main goal of such strategies is to apply specific methods to prevent and eliminate the external threats (such as goods smuggling) by internal strengths. This strategy is related to the external situation of border markets that evaluates the negative points (the threats ahead) related to the outside. The goal of this strategy is to reduce the threats as much as possible.
Fazileh Khani; Somayeh Sadat Mousavi
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 99-116
Abstract
Geographical diffusion theory deals with description and explanation of quality and expansion of a phenomenon in a spatial extent and temporal span. It tries to explore the reasons and factors involved in diffusing and expanding the events and phenomena from a region to the others. It also tries to examine ...
Read More
Geographical diffusion theory deals with description and explanation of quality and expansion of a phenomenon in a spatial extent and temporal span. It tries to explore the reasons and factors involved in diffusing and expanding the events and phenomena from a region to the others. It also tries to examine the role of such diffusions in physical development of rural areas. On the other side, there is a concept named entrepreneurship which is closely related to some other concepts such as: innovation, risk, creating or renewing socio-economic structure, self-sufficiency and independency. As entrepreneurship can be interpreted as an innovation, it interacts with diffusion theory and might be examined by the mentioned theory. The purpose of the present study is to understand the processes by which an entrepreneurship-distribution occurs based on the Hägerstrand’s diffusion model. The study area includes a rural district (Dehestan) named Souleghan in northwest of Tehran province. Based on its aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on its nature, it is a descriptive-analytical one. Statistical sample includes 82 rural households in Souleghan who were recognized as entrepreneurs in field of plant and flower growing. Data collection was based on both methods of documentary and field study. Applied techniques to collect the data comprise; interview, field observation, and a questionnaire based on Likert range. Findings of the present study indicate that the current diffusion of entrepreneurship in souleghan rural district is in accordance with the second stage of diffusion wave's profile. It also is matching with the intermediate step in the direction of S-curve of Hägerstrand’s diffusion theory. The results show that some characteristics of the mentioned enterprenuership (such as; simplicity, attractiveness, profitability, and economic features) are compatible with the experiences and financial needs of rural people. So, it can be considered as an effective factore to accept an innovation and diffusing it by innovators. It has also had spectacular effects on the physical improvement of houses, pathways and public spaces of villages in the study area.
Shahrivar Rostaei; Shiva Alizadeh
Abstract
Examining housing quality issues, among other things, is one of the key issues in housing planning. Housing is a physical place that is considered as a shelter and basic need of the family. The quantity and quality of housing reflects the socio-economic status of the city and many realities of society. ...
Read More
Examining housing quality issues, among other things, is one of the key issues in housing planning. Housing is a physical place that is considered as a shelter and basic need of the family. The quantity and quality of housing reflects the socio-economic status of the city and many realities of society. Housing is an integrated part of the development of the national economy. Addressing housing indicators as the main planning tool can be considered as one of the most sensitive stages of planning. In order to ensure social growth, the housing sector, in addition to the housing unit itself, also includes the environment around it. Certainly, identifying housing quality levels in different urban areas is an effective step in explaining the quality of life and the sense of satisfaction of city dwellers. The indicators examined in the present study include indicators related to safe housing with sustainability and structural durability and a suitable living space. In the present article, an attempt is made to evaluate the quality of housing in Urmia metropolis based on available statistics. For this purpose, descriptive and analytical methods have been used based on the data available in the Statistics Center of Iran. The raw data in the Excel spreadsheet was converted to 35 indicators and entered into the SPSS software to perform factor analysis on them. To perform factor analysis, eight factors were identified, four of which were primary and the other secondary. The factors were then entered into the GIS environment and analyzed. The results indicate an unequal and inappropriate distribution of quality housing indicators in the city of Urmia. The results showed that 18.21% of the statistical areas are among the most deprived areas, 18.18% are deprived, 53.53% are average, 18.13% and 57.9% are completely deprived. It seems that more attention should be paid to areas 1, 2 and 3 to reduce inequalities to some extent. The results of this study showed that deprived clusters are appeared in regions 3 and 2, and delighted clusters in regions 1 and 4. This situation indicates the existence of class distance and dichotomy in urban space and the difference in having the studied indicators in 2011.
Samad Fotoohi; Masoud Saeedi; Leila Latifi
Abstract
Natural hazards, including floods, cause significant financial and human losses every year. Therefore, identifying flood-prone areas in cities is of great importance. The urban development of Zahedan in recent decades has had a considerable impact on increasing surface runoff and the risk of urban flooding. ...
Read More
Natural hazards, including floods, cause significant financial and human losses every year. Therefore, identifying flood-prone areas in cities is of great importance. The urban development of Zahedan in recent decades has had a considerable impact on increasing surface runoff and the risk of urban flooding. The analysis of four stages of urban development using the SCS-CN model indicates a reduction in water retention capacity from 35.81 mm to 5.08 mm and an increase in runoff percentage from 24.21% to 83.22%. Additionally, the flood peak discharge in the hydrograph has risen from 25.44 cubic meters per second in the first development stage to 99.85 cubic meters per second in the fourth stage, demonstrating the increased intensity of water flow during flood events. The main factors contributing to this trend include intense short-term precipitation, unplanned urban development, reduced soil permeability, and encroachment on floodplain areas. Given these findings, implementing sustainable urban management policies, developing efficient drainage systems, and utilizing permeable materials are essential measures to mitigate urban flood risks.
Masoud Safaeepour; safiyeh damanbagh
Abstract
The worn-out central texture of Ahwaz as the city's first core, faces some problems such as physical quality decline, access and traffic problems, overcrowding and population concentration due to its commercial nature and other factors. The existence of important monuments, cultural values, and most ...
Read More
The worn-out central texture of Ahwaz as the city's first core, faces some problems such as physical quality decline, access and traffic problems, overcrowding and population concentration due to its commercial nature and other factors. The existence of important monuments, cultural values, and most importantly the commercial role of this area, necessitates the proper and sustainable approach to study and planning. Therefore, in this study, it was attempted to use the regeneration approach to identify the priority planning of worn-out central tissues of Ahwaz. The present study follows a descriptive-analytical method. To collect the descriptive data a library-documentary method was applied and to collect the analytical data a survey was conducted by which a questionnaire was formulated to collect the opinions of 40 experts in Ahwaz urban planning arena. To analyze the data, the Fuzzy Delphi Hierarchical Analysis model (FDAHP) and linear regression in SPSS software were used. Findings of the present study indicated that in the relative fuzzy weighting for the dimensions of research, the economic regeneration component of the worn-out central fabric of Ahwaz has the highest relative weight at this stage and the cultural regeneration is second. At this stage, the environmental remediation component has been evaluated by experts with less priority. Therefore, according to Ahwaz experts, economic re-creation is the main concern in the worn-out central texture of Ahwaz.
Esmaeil Aliakbari; Majid Akbari
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 86-100
Abstract
Infill development is a complex and multifaceted category. The importance of this development policy lies in sustaining the city and protecting its perepherial environment. This paper attempts to identify the areas of infill development, using a descriptive-analytical method and documentary data, and ...
Read More
Infill development is a complex and multifaceted category. The importance of this development policy lies in sustaining the city and protecting its perepherial environment. This paper attempts to identify the areas of infill development, using a descriptive-analytical method and documentary data, and to identify the programs and priorities of the physical development scenario of Tehran metropolitan. The results show that based on a regional and land use prospect, Tehran does not have a same capacity and infill opportunities for all its regions. Thus, the physical development scenario of Tehran needs to pay more attention to the issue in order to reach an internalized development. Reaching such development requires the following attempts as primary bases for a physical development scenario: prioritizing the peripheral areas and areas requiring intervention, utilizing the potential of infill land use for new development in a short period of time, identifying alternatives and spaces for deployment in the areas of redevelopment, preventing the segregation, preserving the integrity of new and redeveloped reserves for settling down of the population, the creation of multifunctional functions and revitalization of target areas in a worn-out textures based on a bottom-up planning approach.
Tajeddin Mansouri; Heydar Jahanbakhsh
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 89-102
Abstract
In the last three decades of the twentieth century to the early development of psychol-ogy as the environment changes, scientific, technological and cultural life in the physical environment emerged. The impact of these developments and current issues in environ-mental psychology and behavioral science ...
Read More
In the last three decades of the twentieth century to the early development of psychol-ogy as the environment changes, scientific, technological and cultural life in the physical environment emerged. The impact of these developments and current issues in environ-mental psychology and behavioral science principles to the design of urban space and time are based on. Then the theoretical aspects of the topics discussed , and the organs of perception as it was considered very important. Fundamental understanding of the urban environment made people understand the meaning of what it is. Quality of space , place, identity , social interaction and non- verbal communication and socialization areas defined what the attitude of people in urban form. These areas, especially in urban land-scapes cultural context - the historical markers of identity and sense of place in relation to the environment and human and spiritual needs of human beings are in other words sense of place and identity in a particular place by increased human contact with the environ-ment and therefore improve the quality fabric and urban landscape are. This study aimed to investigate how to improve the urban landscape through the body and revive cultural values - the historic Modares Street Kermanshah, techniques using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been made. Research findings based on questionnaire data in two views of experts and non- experts approach , EXPERT CHOICE software are analyzed. These results indicate areas of effective and important component of the urban landscape design instructor streets to achieve their research goals. Our results also demonstrate the practical application of the elements in landscape design instructor Street toward restor-ing cultural values - are the historic city .
Mostafa Taleshi; Shahbakhti Rostami; Esmail Aliakbari; Hamidreza Vejdani
Abstract
The uncontrolled human activities and overuses of land and resources are the main causes of land use changes in a regional scale. The political ecology as a theoretical approach can be applied to shed a light on the quality and rate of human interventions and their impacts on land use system. The process ...
Read More
The uncontrolled human activities and overuses of land and resources are the main causes of land use changes in a regional scale. The political ecology as a theoretical approach can be applied to shed a light on the quality and rate of human interventions and their impacts on land use system. The process of land use change in rural areas of Iran as well as Hamedan county has experienced a fast track. A prominent example of such changes is the expansion of construction in agricultural, garden and pasture lands around the rural settlements in forms of villas, second homes and rural houses extensions. The present study tracks the changes of land use in agricultural lands, pastures, constructions, barren lands and water bodies in peripheral villages of Hamedan city using Landsat imagery during 1998-2017. The applied method to the present study is a descriptive-analytical with an applicable approach which uses both quantitative and qualitative patterns of research. GIS was used for quantitative analysis and creating map layers. For qualitative analysis, the emphasis was on participatory approaches. Then, the obtained data and information were combined, categorized, and ranked using A’WOT method. The results of the study showed that some factors such as: slope, rainfall, soil fertility and rural population changes did not have a significant effect on land use change. Also, contrary to claims, it was indicated that poorer groups of the society are less affective actors of land grabbing and land use changes than the rich groups. Distance from Hamedan city and its surrounding highways have had a significant effect on land cover changes. According to the results of the present research, human factors, especially political factors, power and wealth relations were the most important factors of land use and land cover changes in the study area.
Hassan Darabi; Sajad Sortiji
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 99-112
Abstract
Strategic assessment is a method for improving the processes of decision making, policy, and planning. Land use suitability evaluation is a method for strategic assessment of environment. Based on its intrinsic logic, land use suitability assessment method has proper capabilities for strategic assessment. ...
Read More
Strategic assessment is a method for improving the processes of decision making, policy, and planning. Land use suitability evaluation is a method for strategic assessment of environment. Based on its intrinsic logic, land use suitability assessment method has proper capabilities for strategic assessment. The method tries to shed a light on the issue of how close are the implemented planning projects to the strategic goals. The present study applies Land use Suitability Index (LSI) at district one of Tehran to achieve the following goals: the extent to which a program has influenced the improvement of the present status, and if the method is able to find the proper answers for existing problems and questions. The findings of the present study showed that the applied method is suitable to find the proper answers. It also showed that implementing the proposed method in district one of Tehran has led to relative improvement of the proposed program. It means that improvement has been achieved by decreasing the land use incompatibility and increasing the relative land use compatibility. The results also indicated that if enough attention is paid to some critical parts, even more improvement will be achieved and there would be greater possibility for higher levels of urban development.
