hooshmand attaee; alireza bostany; Reihaneh Soltani; gity salahi
Abstract
Drought is one of the most complex and unknown natural disasters that causes irreparable economic, social and environmental damages to rural settlements. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the vulnerability of rural settlements to drought using the Coopras model in the villages located in ...
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Drought is one of the most complex and unknown natural disasters that causes irreparable economic, social and environmental damages to rural settlements. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the vulnerability of rural settlements to drought using the Coopras model in the villages located in the drought areas of Darab township. First, the drought areas of the township were determined using the rainfall statistics of 10 rain gauge stations based on the SPI (Standardized precipitation Index) model. Then, using Shannon's entropy model, 19 vulnerability variables were investigated in drought zones. Finally, using the multi-criteria decision-making model of Coopras, the ranking of the villages located in the study area was done. The results show that drought has had the greatest impact on the variables of destruction of surface and underground water sources, reduction of per capita income of farmers, abandonment of agricultural lands due to drought and migration of villagers. The results related to the ranking of the villages affected by drought show that the villages of Daulat-Abad, Darnganeh, Shahrak-Bostan and Bahadoran were the most vulnerable to the phenomenon of drought and the villages of Tal-Bargah, Junan, Nasravan and Qala Naw were less vulnerable than the surrounding villages.
Mahmoud Falsolayman; Mohammad Hajipour; Javad Karimipour
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the physical and spatial effects of executive actions affected by the approach of neoliberal policies in the planning system in the urban peripherals of Birjand. In terms of nature and method, the present study is descriptive with a survey approach. ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the physical and spatial effects of executive actions affected by the approach of neoliberal policies in the planning system in the urban peripherals of Birjand. In terms of nature and method, the present study is descriptive with a survey approach. Data collection was done through a questionnaire and data analysis was done using classic and spatial statistics indexes. The research population included the surrounding villages of Birjand city, and the samples were selected according to distance and population. First, villages located within 15 km of the legal boundary of Birjand city were selected, then villages with more than 20 households were selected as samples. The number of samples included 22 settlements with 7739 households based on the 2016 census. The sample size at the household level was selected using Cochran's formula with an error level of 0.5%, which includes 336 households based on the population ratio of each village. The results showed that the actions affected by the approach of neoliberal policies by the planning system on spatial and physical changes in Birjand peripheral were significant at a "high" level. Then, the comparison test of the average of the societies (independent paired test) was conducted in order to compare the degree (power and intensity) of the effects of neoliberal policies in two physical and spatial domains. The results showed that the effectiveness of neoliberal policies in spatial and physical dimensions was almost the same. Also, the results show that as the distance from the city center increases, spatial and physical developments increase, and in this regard, executive proposals have been presented.
Yeganeh Mosavi Jahromi; Jahangir Biabani; elnaz arzaghi
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have analyzed migration flows using several experimental methods. This research has considered economic factors (per capita GDP, unemployment rate, and poverty intensity) and environmental factors (drought index (CI)) affecting internal migration in 31 provinces of Iran during ...
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In recent years, researchers have analyzed migration flows using several experimental methods. This research has considered economic factors (per capita GDP, unemployment rate, and poverty intensity) and environmental factors (drought index (CI)) affecting internal migration in 31 provinces of Iran during 2011-2016. The results of descriptive statistics are displayed in the ArcMap software. Moreover, considering that the location dimension has been confirmed in statistical data on internal migration and explanatory variables based on Moran's I test and in spatial models according to rho and lambda statistics, after testing different spatial models, the SEM spatial model was chosen to examine the research model. For this purpose, GeoDa and Stata software were used. The results of the spatial regression of the cross-sectional data showed that the economic indicators of GDP per capita, unemployment, and poverty intensity have a statistically significant effect on net migration in the provinces of the country. Unemployment and poverty have a negative effect, and income (gross domestic product per capita) positively affects net migration in the provinces. These results are consistent with the economic motives proposed in neoclassical theories and relative deprivation theory in internal migration. Additionally, increasing CI (avoidance of drought) as an environmental factor has positively and significantly affected net migration in the provinces. By combining this result with descriptive statistics, it can be stated that migration is one of several potential strategies for households to deal with environmental changes (drought).
Mahmood Ziaee; Ali Delshad; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; Abolfazl Tajzadeh Namin
Abstract
The competitiveness of tourist destinations has a good place in the literature and theoretical foundations of tourism studies, however, in the field of research it is full of inconsistencies and contradictions in terms of concept, measurement and legitimacy. The purpose of this study was to provide a ...
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The competitiveness of tourist destinations has a good place in the literature and theoretical foundations of tourism studies, however, in the field of research it is full of inconsistencies and contradictions in terms of concept, measurement and legitimacy. The purpose of this study was to provide a holistic and systematic view of studies in the field of competitiveness of tourism destinations and analysis of previous research in the hierarchy of the scientific paradigm of this field of tourism studies. Therefore, in order to create a deeper understanding of the characteristics, factors and how to measure and improve the competitiveness of tourism destinations, a qualitative meta-analysis method was used to collect and analyze previous researches and Blaikie Triple Index was used to analyze these researches in the hierarchy of the scientific paradigm of tourism competitiveness studies. The results show that in the last two decades, much attention has been paid to the research of tourism destinations competitiveness and to overcome the complexities of this field of tourism studies, researchers have sought to integrate previous models in order to come up with new findings. Other results of this study, which distinguish it from other studies, show that in the hierarchy of the scientific paradigm of this field of tourism studies, 61% of previous studies, after answering the question of what (epistemology), have addressed the issue of why (ontology). Also, a small number of studies related to the competitiveness of tourism destinations (15%) have tried to provide a new model for how to measure the competitiveness of tourist destinations by going through the two levels of what and why (methodology). The final finding of this research is to provide a conceptual framework in which the interaction of factors and variables of competitiveness of tourist destinations with a systemic and holistic perspective is specified.
Mostafa Amirfakhriyan; Fatemeh Zaaferani
Abstract
The present study, using spatial analysis models and in the framework of the "spatial diffusion" approach, has evaluated the position of the central core of Torqabeh city from the perspective of population groups. This evaluation includes two periods: 1- Slow growth (before 2006) and 2- Rapid growth ...
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The present study, using spatial analysis models and in the framework of the "spatial diffusion" approach, has evaluated the position of the central core of Torqabeh city from the perspective of population groups. This evaluation includes two periods: 1- Slow growth (before 2006) and 2- Rapid growth (after 2006). Research variables include population, number of women, elderly, youth, employed, unemployed and illiterate. The scale of analysis comprises 1476 urban blocks and three periods of 1996, 2006 and 2016. For this purpose, a spatial database including the population characteristics of Torqabeh city and its central core was created and then data were analyzed using spatial statistical tools and techniques such as Getis-Ord Gi and Grouping Analysis. The results of this evaluation showed that before 2006, the central core was the origin of all population groups and was different from other urban areas. But after 2006, population groups with the dominant pattern of "continuous spatial diffusion" move out from the central core and settle around it. Spatial analysis models show that as a result of these changes, the central core of Torqabeh does not lose its position compared to other urban areas. Rather, this process causes some areas to become more similar to the central nucleus and the population characteristics of the central nucleus to be multiplied in other regions. The spread of population groups around the central nucleus and its adjacent areas, on the one hand, indicates the desire of individuals to be present in this area and show spatial cohesion, and on the other hand indicates the existence of a distinct pattern of central nucleus changes in physical growth which is different from common patterns in large cities.
amin farsi; Khadijeh Buzarjomehri; hamdolah sojasi qedari
Abstract
Good governance is a novel approach to development that emerged in response to the inefficiency of previous mechanisms, promoted by developed countries and international institutions. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by rural managers in achieving good governance in Tabadkan District, ...
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Good governance is a novel approach to development that emerged in response to the inefficiency of previous mechanisms, promoted by developed countries and international institutions. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by rural managers in achieving good governance in Tabadkan District, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology using both documentary and field data. The statistical population of this research comprises villages with village councils (Dehyaris) in Tabadkan District, Mashhad County. The sample size was calculated as 304 households, using Cochran's formula with a 0.06 error level. Data analysis was conducted using one-sample t-tests, linear regression, and Friedman tests. The results indicate that the average of all good governance variables in the studied villages is above 3, demonstrating a favorable situation. However, the environmental variable, with an average of 3.28, presents the most significant challenge, while the economic variable, with an average of 2.92, poses the least challenge for rural managers. Friedman test results confirmed the significant impact of all obstacle indices (with a significance level of less than 0.05) on achieving good governance. Based on the average ranks, the "neglect of village road networks" index (average rank 12.23) was identified as the most critical obstacle, and the "non-payment of village council insurance" index (average rank 5.25) as the least critical obstacle from the respondents' perspective. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that public participation significantly influences the reduction of obstacles and challenges faced by rural managers
mahsa Golabi Dezfouli; hamid majedi; Esfandiar Zebardast; s.majid Mofidi Shemirani
Abstract
In 2018, about fifty-five percent of the world's population lived in urban areas and is projected to increase to sixty-eight percent by 2050. The increasing population of cities emphasizes the optimal use of urban neighborhoods for housing. Urban morphology is one of the topics related to the population ...
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In 2018, about fifty-five percent of the world's population lived in urban areas and is projected to increase to sixty-eight percent by 2050. The increasing population of cities emphasizes the optimal use of urban neighborhoods for housing. Urban morphology is one of the topics related to the population of neighborhoods. The purpose of this study is to identify morphological indices in the middle scale and explain the relationship between morphology of residential areas and the population living in them. First, based on the internal-cognitive approach, the opinions of thinkers in the field of morphology were examined and the criteria of "land use diversity", "road network pattern", "compaction" and "public transportation network pattern" were identified in 9 indicators on a local scale. Then, the indicators were measured by space layout and network analysis by Depthmap10 and GIS software in 12 neighborhoods of Tehran. In the next step, first the normality of the data was checked by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test method and the correlation of morphological variables with the population index of the neighborhoods was evaluated by Pearson two-way correlation method and SPSS16 software. The results show that the interconnection index with an intensity of 0.724 has the highest correlation and access to public transportation with an intensity of 0.578 has the lowest correlation with the population index. Examining the severity of correlations provides an opportunity for better prioritization to intervene in the existing fabric of neighborhoods with the aim of resettling the population. The results can be used in the field of evaluation criteria for residential design options, selection of road network and quantitative and qualitative assessment of preparation plans in order to accommodate more population and setting the criteria for detailed plans.
mohammad ghasemi siani; naghi askari
Abstract
Among the dimensions of sustainable development, the social dimension is recognized as one of the main dimensions that is mostly associated with quality of life. Mehr buildings are built either within new cities as urban neighborhoods or separately from small towns and metropolitan satellite towns. In ...
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Among the dimensions of sustainable development, the social dimension is recognized as one of the main dimensions that is mostly associated with quality of life. Mehr buildings are built either within new cities as urban neighborhoods or separately from small towns and metropolitan satellite towns. In the metropolis of Karaj, a number of Mehr houses have been formed in the new city of Hashtgerd and the towns of Abrisham and Mahdasht separately on the outskirts of the satellite cities of Kianshahr and Mahdasht. The main question of the present study is whether Mehr housing estates in metropolitan areas have the necessary qualities to provide sustainable housing and the formation of livable settlements? Or, what is the situation of social stability in these settlements in terms of sustainable development? The research method is descriptive-analytical. Field data are collected and analyzed based on the theoretical model of social sustainability. The sample size for completing the questionnaire included 720 households in the three settlements that were selected using the Cochran's formula. The results indicate that the situation of sustainability in the three studied towns is not the same. In terms of basic needs, only the realization of housing and shelter in Hashtgerd town with a score of 3.37 and in Abrisham and Mahdasht with an average of 3.17 has been successful and other sustainability indicators in all three areas are below average and in an unfavorable situation. Also, employment and economic situation with an average of 1.46 in all three towns is unfavorable. In terms of intermediate needs, the quality of the neighborhood is better with an average of 2.16 and 2.23, and in terms of final needs, the status of capital indicators and social mixing in Hashtgerd with an average of 2.16 and in Abrisham and Mahdasht with an average of 2.23 is somehow more suitable. In all the studied samples, other six necessary dimensions for the creation of livable settlements, especially in the field of migration and population movements and the provision of social infrastructure, have been unsuccessful or very unsuccessful.
mahyar sajadian; Mohamad Ali Firoozi; Ahmad Pourahmad
Abstract
Cities are facing many challenges due to excessive population growth and rapid expansion. To organize this indiscriminate growth, new planning models such as smart growth have been proposed. In recent years, the metropolis of Ahwaz has faced the adverse effects of unbridled growth, which necessitates ...
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Cities are facing many challenges due to excessive population growth and rapid expansion. To organize this indiscriminate growth, new planning models such as smart growth have been proposed. In recent years, the metropolis of Ahwaz has faced the adverse effects of unbridled growth, which necessitates serious attention to the smart growth model. The present research, by stating the necessity and importance of smart growth, has ranked the areas of Ahwaz metropolis in terms of suitability with smart growth criteria with a descriptive-analytical method. The study area includes the 8 districts of Ahwaz metropolis. The data related to 81 smart urban growth indicators for eight districts were analyzed in the form of 4 criteria: physical-land use, social-economic, access-transportation and environmental using the gray relational analysis model. According to the findings, district 4 is the most suitable and district 6 is the most unsuitable. Also, among the above-mentioned 4 criteria, the environmental criterion is in the most unfavorable condition in Ahwaz metropolis. Finally, based on the findings of the research, some solutions were suggested.
Hengameh Salehpour; Gholamreza Miri; Mahmoud Reza Anvari
Abstract
Under the influence of social and economic factors, the cities of Kish and Dubai are witnessing the ever-increasing population growth and have become a suitable platform for the growth of urbanization and the increase of the urban population. Exploitation of natural and economic resources has caused ...
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Under the influence of social and economic factors, the cities of Kish and Dubai are witnessing the ever-increasing population growth and have become a suitable platform for the growth of urbanization and the increase of the urban population. Exploitation of natural and economic resources has caused the horizontal expansion of cities and is a threat to sustainable urban development. The approach of urban smartness seeks to provide smart urban services and provide strategies and policies in order to reduce the negative effects caused by the expansion of human activities in such cities. The present study examines and compares the status of smart urban services in Kish and Dubai with the approach of sustainable development. This research is applied in terms of purpose and survey in terms of the nature and method of research. The data required for the research has been collected by documentary-field method (questionnaire and observation). SPSS software and F-ARAS model were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two cities of Kish and Dubai regarding the status of the indicators; including: accessibility and internet participation with the value of Mann-Whitney (2/342), health and electronic health conditions with the value of Mann-Whitney (4/351), environmental protection with the value of Mann-Whitney (4/654), increasing the necessary facilities Regarding pollution with a Mann-Whitney value of 4.431, good governance with a Mann-Whitney value (3.675) and significance level (0.000). In other words, the status of these indicators in Dubai was more favorable than in Kish. The results of Spearman's correlation test showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the state of smart city services and sustainable economic, social, physical-environmental development of the cities of Kish and Dubai. Finally, the results of prioritizing smart urban services in the cities of Kish and Dubai using the F-ARAS model showed that in Kish, the index of competent governance with a weight of (0.564) and the same index with a weight of (0.465) in Dubai, are in priority.
kia bozorgmehr; aliasghar jafari; mehrdad ramzanipor; Leila Ebrahimi
Abstract
Cities are a complex and alive system of integrated economic, social, and physical identities in which economic, social, cultural, and physical components play a role. Sustainable development, which is one of the main goals of the policies and activities of the United Nations and is a constant discussion ...
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Cities are a complex and alive system of integrated economic, social, and physical identities in which economic, social, cultural, and physical components play a role. Sustainable development, which is one of the main goals of the policies and activities of the United Nations and is a constant discussion of developed and developing countries, has been mentioned as a process, the need for improvement and progress in various fields. The goal of sustainable development is very broad and its achievement takes place in the shadow of planning. Planning should be a two-way planning because at the macro level, the policies of national governments, even global policies, and at the micro level, education and public participation are very effective in achieving sustainable development and advancing its goals. The issue of urban laws and regulations is one of the most important issues of urban planning and urban planning and it is the basis for the balanced growth of cities and the implementation of a comprehensive plan and detailed plans and criteria set out in the plans. In fact, by applying the rules and methods, control and monitoring the separation of land and buildings, and authorizing the relevant authorities in urban planning to review and amend the proposed separation plans by landowners before registration measures at least 60% of correction comments can be implemented in comprehensive and detailed plans. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of urban planning laws and regulations on sustainable urban development (Case study of Babolsar city). The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of data collection was designed as a document and field through a questionnaire in the form of Likert scale and research questions were evaluated by SPSS software. The results show that according to the average of items and the use of one-sample t-test, the opinions of experts and citizens in all indicators and items explaining the level of significance is higher than 0.05. This means that the effects of urban planning laws and regulations on sustainable urban development on the level of sample households are below average. The use of TOPSIS method for ranking Babolsar neighborhoods based on the effects of urban planning laws and regulations on sustainable urban development in terms of the weights calculated in each index showed that Javaheri neighborhood with a value of (0.9101) ci with 1 rank of the highest status and neighborhood Katie Bin with the value of (0.3008) ci with the rank of 20 had the lowest position.
Abstract
The present study has physically analyzed the effect of the destination image variable on the perceived quality of tangible and intangible factors and the perceived value of urban tourism areas. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula for unknown communities to 173 people and were ...
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The present study has physically analyzed the effect of the destination image variable on the perceived quality of tangible and intangible factors and the perceived value of urban tourism areas. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula for unknown communities to 173 people and were selected from tourists visiting the Darabad area of Tehran. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, multiple linear regression in SPSS software and structural equation modeling in AMOS software. Findings from the modeling of structural equations and factor loads calculated in the standard state, indicate that the quality of tangible factors with a factor load of 0.70, has been more affected by the mental image of tourists. After that, the mental image of tourists with a factor load of 0.64 had an effect on the quality of perceived tangible factors. Furthermore, the mental image of tourists has affected the perceived value of services with a factor load of 0.45. The role of mediating factors in the quality of perceived tangible factors and the quality of perceived intangible factors on the perceived value of tourism services has been measured using multiple linear regression. According to the results, the quality of perceived tangible factors with a beta statistic value of 0.205 had a greater effect on the perceived value of services in the Darabad tourist area, followed by the quality of perceived intangible factors with a beta value of 0.193.
Amer Nikpour; Mansoureh Yarahmadi
Abstract
In today's world, resilience to natural or man-made disasters is a fundamental issue. Paying attention to the concept of resilience in purely macro dimensions lacks the necessary efficiency, and in order to be implemented, this concept must be identified at the micro level. Physical resilience is one ...
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In today's world, resilience to natural or man-made disasters is a fundamental issue. Paying attention to the concept of resilience in purely macro dimensions lacks the necessary efficiency, and in order to be implemented, this concept must be identified at the micro level. Physical resilience is one of the effective dimensions in the resilience of communities through which the condition of communities can be assessed in terms of physical and geographical characteristics of the impact at the time of the accident. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. In the first step, the effective components of physical resilience in Noorabad Mamasani city were identified and compiled in the form of Delphi questionnaire. Then, these indicators were examined by Delphi panel members and the indicators that did not get the required score were removed and the research indicators were determined. In the third step, these indicators were analyzed by Mick Mac method and the type of variables was determined according to the effect on other variables. The results showed that the effective components on physical resilience of Noorabad Mamasani city in district 1 include the variables of building density, number of floors, quality of buildings, building skeleton, level of passages, area of parcels and type of materials. Very high impact and affectivity are the characteristics of these variables. In district 2, variables such as population density, distance from the fault, topography and water table depth are among the key independent variables. An important feature of these variables is that they have a great impact on other variables but get very little effect on them. The effective variable in district 3 is barrenland, which is not considered as a key independent variable in the group of strategic variables due to its low impact and effectiveness. Indicators of district 4 include occupation level, building age, household size, form of urban parts and facilities, which are also not considered as strategic variables and are mostly the result of other variables.
Behzad Ressideh; Nafiseh Marsoosi; Mostafa Taleshi; Seyed Mehdi Moosa Kazemi
Abstract
In recent years, due to the growth of the elderly population, the concept of an elderly-friendly city has become one of the most basic concepts in urban planning. In the elderly-friendly city, several tools and solutions have been considered to measure and optimize urban and social structures, especially ...
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In recent years, due to the growth of the elderly population, the concept of an elderly-friendly city has become one of the most basic concepts in urban planning. In the elderly-friendly city, several tools and solutions have been considered to measure and optimize urban and social structures, especially by the World Health Organization. This organization has presented a set of eight indicators to measure the status of an elderly-friendly city in metropolitan cities. Many researches have been conducted in different cities of the world according to these indicators, and in this research, the transportation index of the eight indicators of the elderly-friendly city with ten main components has been examined in the metropolis of Mashhad. The research method is descriptive analytical with survey technique. The statistical population includes the elderly of Mashhad metropolis, whose samples were randomly selected from two areas: district one (high-income) and district three (low-income). The research data has been collected using the standard questionnaires of the World Health Organization. The results of the research show that the components of abundance of public transportation, quality of public transportation, driving conditions, safety and information in public transportation have a significant difference with the average standard. On the other hand, the investigated components are ranked in terms of importance for the elderly. Then, the status of the implementation of the transportation index components in the elderly-friendly city in urban projects has been investigated. In creating the target community, urban managers were involved in urban planning in the last five years. Data were collected and analyzed by random sampling from 40 managers using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of this analysis indicate that in recent urban projects, no attention has been paid to the ten components of the elderly-friendly city transportation index.
Keramatollah Ziari; aliasghar ehsanifard
Abstract
According to the chaos theory, there is a pattern of order within disorder and chaos. The city also acts as a complex and chaotic system that will try to achieve a new order with the arrival of disorder. "Covid-19 phenomenon" can also be considered as a chaos, disorder and shock on human civilization ...
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According to the chaos theory, there is a pattern of order within disorder and chaos. The city also acts as a complex and chaotic system that will try to achieve a new order with the arrival of disorder. "Covid-19 phenomenon" can also be considered as a chaos, disorder and shock on human civilization and creating an alien and unfamiliar situation in cities. In order to deal with this new and unusual virus, the conventional and existing methods of governance and management in our cities will not work, and a new urban order (smart governance) and new and targeted methods of management and governance should be examined and selected. The existing chaos and disorder should be moved towards self-order, self-organization, sustainable and reasonable development and excellence in the future. In the present study, to examine and identify the indicators and sub-indicators involved in the new urban order or smart urban governance and prioritize their role in reducing the harmful effects of Corona and its impact on progress, sustainable development and excellence in the city of Semnan with a confirmatory factor analysis model and SEM modeling is done with AMOS. It is also possible to turn "smart citizens" into a big opportunity in the post-corona era, along with smart urban infrastructure. After identifying and prioritizing the indicators and sub-indicators involved in this new urban order, a sample of 22 people including elites and experts in various fields of urban planning and smart city, urban planning and urban management was selected. A number of 38 questionnaires were also distributed among the residents of Semnan in order to confirm the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. Then, based on the sample size, the main questionnaire was delivered to 721 people. After analyzing the questionnaires, the smart governance variables were examined and prioritized using exploratory factor analysis in statistical software. Then, the extracted components were named and in the next step, the structural validity of the research was tested using confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS. The statistical relationship between the variables and its indicators was confirmed. In the final model of the research, using model fit tests, the relationships between variables and the influence of independent and dependent variables were confirmed. Based on the results, "smart citizens and smart infrastructure" will be the most important and influential variable of smart governance in Semnan city. The next positions will be for smart economy, smart life, smart mobility and smart environment, respectively. The findings indicate that the importance of the smart citizen index with 32.239% of explained variance is more significant than other factors. "Smart Citizens of Semnan" will be the first factor to achieving smart governance in Semnan. Making citizens smarter requires education, infrastructure and targeted planning. To achieve intelligent governance, people must be educated. By raising awareness, building culture, and creating infrastructures and encouraging citizens to use services and know modern technologies, it will cause sustainable and reasonable development and excellence of the city.
Majid Parishan; Sahar Nadayi Tosi; Khedr farajirad; Hamid Mirmiran
Abstract
During the last few decades, the number of population and activity in the suburbs of Tehran has grown rapidly and as a result, the buffer zone of the capital city has faced major challenges. Changing the land use, especially natural covers, gardens and agricultural lands in favor of authorized and unauthorized ...
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During the last few decades, the number of population and activity in the suburbs of Tehran has grown rapidly and as a result, the buffer zone of the capital city has faced major challenges. Changing the land use, especially natural covers, gardens and agricultural lands in favor of authorized and unauthorized constructions, is the manifestation of these challenges. Factors such as the growing population of Tehran, the extensive needs for land and the inability to respond to these needs as well as the weakness of urban space management have doubled the scope of the negative changes that have occurred. Although different solutions have already been presented to manage the capital's hinterland, they have not been able to match the existing institutional-organizational and spatial structures. Now, the question is, in order to overcome the problems in the capital city, what characteristics should the ideal model have? To answer this question, a qualitative method based on content analysis of documents and interviews with trustees and experts was used. The results show that the appropriate and effective model of hinterland management requires the following: the participation of all management levels from the national to the local, maximizing the role of various departments and organizations involved in hinterland issues, the participation of non-governmental sectors, the provision of a continuous monitoring mechanism of hinterland according to policies, regulations and various programs. If the inadequacies in thehinterland management mechanisms continue, it won't be long before some valuable biological and natural spaces around Tehran metropolis and its surrounding cities will be lost.
saadi mohammadi; z ha
Abstract
The present research has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and a quantitative-qualitative nature, aiming at the development of event-oriented tourism in Yingigeh village. This village has a great potential and capacity in the field of tourism and is the second most important axis ...
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The present research has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and a quantitative-qualitative nature, aiming at the development of event-oriented tourism in Yingigeh village. This village has a great potential and capacity in the field of tourism and is the second most important axis of rural tourism development in Kurdistan province in the area of Zarivar wetland. Data collection was done using a survey method with a comprehensive approach based on the complex and systemic nature of tourism activities, holding group discussion meetings in the village with stakeholders, direct observation of the study area, in-depth and open interviews, and forming a Delphi group. Data were analyzed using fundamental theory technique and hierarchical analysis technique. The analysis showed that there are major obstacles and challenges from the local level to the provincial tourism management level in order to turn Yingigeh village into a village with an event-oriented tourism brand and its development. In the general sector of tourism development some cases such as; weakness in tourism infrastructure and services, weakness in marketing, weakness in education, lack of protection and diversification of attractions, weakness in planning, supervision and performance of government institutions, inappropriate business environment and inadequacies related to the needs and performance of tourists were classified in the form of 47 variables or challenges. In the specialized field of event-based tourism development; weaknesses in financing and financial flow, specialized advertising and highlighting, experimentalism and central creativity, and planning and management of events were identified as 23 obstacles. Also; in the general tourism development sector, there are some weaknesses in the planning, supervision and performance of government institutions, an inappropriate business environment and weaknesses related to education and information. In the specialized sector related to the development of event-based tourism, there is also a weakness in the planning and management of events. Lack of movement towards experientialism and central creativity and weakness in specialized advertising and highlighting among the identified obstacles are the most important in the formation of the existing unfavorable situation.
madineh fallah; Teimour Amar; Mohammad baset Ghoreishi
Abstract
Fuman Township has consistently attracted domestic and foreign tourists due to its unique natural, human, and cultural attractions. The expansion of tourism flows in the township, coupled with a lack of efficient planning and management, has resulted in various positive and negative economic, physical, ...
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Fuman Township has consistently attracted domestic and foreign tourists due to its unique natural, human, and cultural attractions. The expansion of tourism flows in the township, coupled with a lack of efficient planning and management, has resulted in various positive and negative economic, physical, and environmental impacts. This article aims to identify the physical damages of tourism and propose appropriate strategies to mitigate these damages, with the goal of proper planning in the sensitive and fragile rural environment of this township. The research is applied in nature, employs a descriptive-analytical method, and the data were collected using documentary sources, field studies, and the opinions of local managers. The sample population consists of 120 villages out of the total 171 villages in Fuman Township. The results indicate that the identified physical damages directly or indirectly affected by tourism activities fall into three main categories: land-use change, ownership change and the formation of non-local ownership, the growth of second homes, and disruption in housing patterns. Based on the findings, strategies such as implementing policies to control tourism development, improving existing networks, focusing on communication routes, preparing a regional spatial planning scheme, and organizing, managing, and increasing supervision over tourism-related activities are proposed.
Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari; Majid Parishan; Hamid Reza Ghasemi; Ahmad Romiani
Abstract
The implementation of rural master plans (Hadi Plans) has generated various economic, social, and environmental impacts in rural areas. This study aims to examine the effects of the Hadi Plan on reducing the vulnerability of villagers in Shandiz District, Binalud Township, to natural hazards, specifically ...
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The implementation of rural master plans (Hadi Plans) has generated various economic, social, and environmental impacts in rural areas. This study aims to examine the effects of the Hadi Plan on reducing the vulnerability of villagers in Shandiz District, Binalud Township, to natural hazards, specifically earthquakes. The research employed a descriptive–analytical method, with data collected through library research (theoretical studies) and fieldwork (questionnaires and observations). The statistical population consisted of five villages in Shandiz District that had implemented the Hadi Plan. Based on Cochran’s formula with a margin of error of 0.06, the sample size was determined as 97 households. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, multiple regression, and path analysis. The findings revealed that the Hadi Plan has contributed to reducing villagers’ vulnerability to earthquakes; however, the impacts varied across different indicators. The one-sample t-test indicated that for some indicators, the effect was below the desirable level (3), and the differences were statistically significant for all indicators. Regression analysis showed a coefficient of determination of 0.894, indicating that the independent variable explained 89% of the variance in the dependent variable. Path analysis demonstrated that the greatest direct and indirect impact of the Hadi Plan on reducing vulnerability was related to the indicator of “improvement of physical security” (0.424). Other influential factors included “strengthening of road networks” (0.414), “increase in investment” (0.268), “participation in space management” (0.232), “satisfaction with physical development” (0.198), “enhancement of perceived physical security” (0.195), and “reduction of migration” (0.061), ranked from second to seventh, respectively.
MAHDI SAMIMIAN; zeinab karkeh abadi; saeid kamyabi
Abstract
Inefficient urban structures are of great importance due to specific problems and the high proportion of urban population density. The present study aims to investigate the role of the government in realizing the development and stabilization of inefficient urban structures. In order to understand the ...
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Inefficient urban structures are of great importance due to specific problems and the high proportion of urban population density. The present study aims to investigate the role of the government in realizing the development and stabilization of inefficient urban structures. In order to understand the role of good urban governance in solving the problems of unstable physical-environmental and social contexts in Semnan city, indicators were calculated through documentary and library study. The required information was collected through a survey method. Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software and structural equation model indices were analyzed by Amos software. The results of this research showed that the status of urban governance indicators and indicators of improving the urban sustainability of worn-out fabric in Semnan city are suitable, and in the optimal urban governance, the indicators of people's participation and responsibility have the greatest impact on improving the state of urban governance, and environmental-physical factors have the greatest impact. In the improvement of the sustainable development of the middle worn out fabric of Semnan city.
Mohammad Bafghizadeh
Abstract
The main purpose of the current research is to measure the comfort level of public primary schools in Karoun town based on Mahani and Gioni bioclimatic index. In this research, the meteorological data of temperature, precipitation, humidity and prevailing wind in a period of 30 years (1988-2018) have ...
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The main purpose of the current research is to measure the comfort level of public primary schools in Karoun town based on Mahani and Gioni bioclimatic index. In this research, the meteorological data of temperature, precipitation, humidity and prevailing wind in a period of 30 years (1988-2018) have been used. The graphs are drawn with Climate Consultant and Excel software, and the maps are drawn with ArcGIS software. The results of the monthly index tables show that from June to August (3 months), the A1 dry index conditions prevail, which indicates the high fluctuation of daytime heat (more than 10 degrees Celsius) and low relative humidity, which causes discomfort. To solve this problem, it is suggested that materials with medium to high heat capacity should be used in the design of buildings. On the other hand, in the months of June to August (3 months), the A2 dry index prevails, which indicates warm or moderate nights with relatively low humidity in the environment. For the months of December, January and February (3 months), the A3 dry index prevails, which indicates cold climatic conditions in the region. To deal with these conditions, it is necessary to use energy to heat the interior spaces of buildings. Of course, the studied area does not fall under the conditions of H1, H2 and H3 humid conditions in any of the months of the year. Also, according to the results of Giuni's method, in three months of the year (June, July and August) the changes in air thermal conditions is completely out of comfort zone. In September, the weather is comfortable only for a short period of time (midnight to before sunrise). The final control of the building's air, especially during the hottest hours of the day in the months of May to August, is only possible by using air conditioners. According to the studies carried out and their compliance with the school construction standards of the country and taking into account the climatic conditions of the region, the results show that the necessary standards for the construction of schools in the study area and taking into account the climatic conditions of the region are not considered and all the studied schools do not have the necessary standards.
masoud Javadpoor; ali soltani
Abstract
Today, the lifestyle of children is increasingly changing to sedentary. Walking between home and school can be a relatively convenient and possible plan to increase the student’s daily physical activity. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between individual and socio-economic ...
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Today, the lifestyle of children is increasingly changing to sedentary. Walking between home and school can be a relatively convenient and possible plan to increase the student’s daily physical activity. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between individual and socio-economic properties of families and street configuration on the walking of elementary students of public schools in Shiraz city. For this purpose, six regions of Shiraz with different features have been selected initially in terms of passages configuration, then 18 public elementary schools for girls and boys as well as 1021 students were randomly selected. Therefore, parents in the questionnaires filled background information, including personal and family information, and street configuration was extracted around 1200m of the schools using Depth Map software. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between age and the number of children in the family, and there was a negative relationship between gender, father’s education, car ownership, and the number of the family members with the driving license. In addition, there was a positive relationship between street configuration, choice, connectivity, and synergy and a negative relationship between depth and walking of students. Moreover, the distance between home and school had a negative relationship as the most crucial factor with the walking of students. This study provides essential confirmation for urban planners and policymakers about the importance of street configuration around the school in the daily travel of students. One important principle is that designing a street network with high accessibility and communication and also increasing the legibility of streets can lead the perception of parents and students to use them in their walking between school and home.
Fatemeh Rajabi; leila zare; seid bagher hosseini
Abstract
Today's urban physical spaces are not a suitable environment for the formation and strengthening of mutual social relations and participation in the form of social groups. Social relations are influenced by different characteristics of organizing the environment and its effect on the behavior and formation ...
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Today's urban physical spaces are not a suitable environment for the formation and strengthening of mutual social relations and participation in the form of social groups. Social relations are influenced by different characteristics of organizing the environment and its effect on the behavior and formation of human social capital is obvious. These features include cohesiveness, permeability, readability, and scale. In fact, the quality of human presence and social activity is not independent of the space and they have a bilateral relationship with each other. Recently, several efforts have been made to promote social interactions, but the level of social capital has not changed significantly. A review of the research background in the field of physical environment has shown that spatial domains have been neglected. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between spatial domains (private, semi-private and public) with social capital at the neighborhood level. The present study is a case study that analyzed survey data obtained from a sample of 382 people in Ekbatan, Tehran. The selection of the statistical population is based on the results of socio-cultural clustering of Tehran neighborhoods (2015), social science studies of Al-Zahra University and the author's field observations. The results of statistical analysis of the refined questionnaires showed that satisfaction with the private domain, appropriate environmental qualities in the public domain and self-esteem (as one of the individual characteristics) are correlated with social capital. Also, the existence of important activities and common behavior in public service spaces is effective in promoting social capital. Findings showed that paying attention to residents' housing and improving the physical quality of semi-private and public areas should be a priority in local planning.
MahmoUd Falsolayman; Mohammad Hajipour; Maryam Ahani
Abstract
Concurrently with global developments and the rise of rural tourism, in Iran, particularly in rural areas surrounding major cities, second homes or vacation homes have emerged over the past few decades with the aim of spending leisure time, gradually encompassing mid-sized and smaller cities as well. ...
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Concurrently with global developments and the rise of rural tourism, in Iran, particularly in rural areas surrounding major cities, second homes or vacation homes have emerged over the past few decades with the aim of spending leisure time, gradually encompassing mid-sized and smaller cities as well. Urban problems such as traffic, various types of pollution, housing conditions, and the desire to invest in real estate have led to urban dwellers' inclination towards rural settlements and the expansion of second homes. The aim of this research is to investigate the damages and consequences of the expansion of second homes in the peri-urban villages of Birjand. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. To assess the damages caused by the creation and expansion of second homes in the study area, 303 questionnaires were completed in 25 peri-urban villages of Birjand and analyzed using SPSS and PLS software. The findings indicate that the expansion of second homes and the presence of non-local owners have gradually had negative effects and consequences on the village environment, affecting environmental, physical, social, and economic indicators in the villages. The research results show that the growth rate of second homes in the studied villages has been increasing in the last decade. The most observed damage in the peri-urban villages of Birjand is in the economic dimension, with social-cultural, environmental, and physical dimensions following in subsequent priorities.
Ali Asghar Shalbafian; Neda Zarandian
Abstract
Sustainable tourism development planning based on the existing potentials in any region of the country is an obvious necessity. Considering the adoption of a government development approach to Semnan province in recent years, this province can be considered as a good case to study. The east of the province, ...
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Sustainable tourism development planning based on the existing potentials in any region of the country is an obvious necessity. Considering the adoption of a government development approach to Semnan province in recent years, this province can be considered as a good case to study. The east of the province, despite its high potential for tourism development as well as its geographical area, has received less attention. The purpose of this study is to identify the most important sustainable tourism projects in the east of Semnan province. For this purpose, applied, descriptive (non-experimental) and combined (qualitative-quantitative) research can be pursued. First, a focus group (qualitative method) consisting of 12 experts including officials, university professors and local people was used to identify the projects. After that, 30 output projects were ranked according to the degree of compliance with the criteria of sustainable development and the goals defined in the upstream documents using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) (quantitative method). According to the ranking, training the local people of the region, providing the necessary infrastructure in the sample areas and target villages, and determining appropriate marketing methods and preparing an advertising plan for tourism development in the region are of priority.
