Mohsen Ahadnejad Reveshty; Milad Hasanalizadeh
Abstract
Up-to-date information on land use and land cover, especially in urban areas, and awareness of its changes and developments over a period of time is very important for planners and managers. The present study aims to monitor spatial changes in land use and land cover in the urban area of Babol and Amirkola ...
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Up-to-date information on land use and land cover, especially in urban areas, and awareness of its changes and developments over a period of time is very important for planners and managers. The present study aims to monitor spatial changes in land use and land cover in the urban area of Babol and Amirkola in the period 1986 to 2020 and forecasting it for 2030. The present research is applied based on the purpose and descriptive-analytical based on the nature and method. Data are taken from Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images. The Fuzzy ARTMAP model was used to detect and classify images, the cross-tab and LCM models were used to analyze land use and land cover changes, and the CA-Markov model was used to predict land use and land cover in 2030 in the IDRISI TerrSet software environment. ArcGIS software was also used to draw the final maps. The results showed that the conversion of garden-use and irrigated agriculture into the built environment has a growing trend, so that these lands have increased from 11.3% in 1986 to 19.7% in 2020 and according to the forecast by 2030, built-up land will reach 22.2% of the total area. Also, the ratio of built-up to non-built land has increased from 12.8 percent in 1986 to 24.5 percent in 2020, and is projected to reach 28.6 percent in 2030, which shows the high rate of garden and agricultural lands destruction.
Mohammad Marzbanrad; MohammadHasan Talebian; Eskandar Mokhtari Taleghani
Abstract
Locality is a feature that shows dependence on a place. The principles of attitude towards the place and location of any building are related to four characteristics, including figure and image, order, identity and memory, which originate from mental-internal and physical-external impressions. Emphasizing ...
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Locality is a feature that shows dependence on a place. The principles of attitude towards the place and location of any building are related to four characteristics, including figure and image, order, identity and memory, which originate from mental-internal and physical-external impressions. Emphasizing the phenomenological approach, the current research seeks to reread the principles of location in historical buildings and find the relationship between physical and perceptual factors with the attitude of place in buildings, which was carried out using a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research method. The statistical population of the research includes 1- historical monuments and 2- experts, thinkers and specialists. The statistical sample of the first group includes two historical buildings in Tehran (Sahibqraniyeh Palace) and (Firdous Garden) and the second group includes 20 experts, thinkers and experts who are experienced and knowledgeable about the subject of the research. Analysis of documentary data and field observations has been done using SPSS software. The physical indicators obtained from the theoretical findings include "materials", "form and proportions", "color", "lighting" and "natural elements", which were prioritized based on a survey among the statistical community through AHP test and using Expert Choice software. The results of the measurement of the indicators studied in the two historical monuments of Sahibqraniyeh Palace and Ferdous Garden show that there is no significant relationship between any of these indicators, and among the physical indicators, the index of "natural elements (plants and water)" has the highest percentage of influence on the perception of the building. The results of this research show that the principle of identity through physical indicators in buildings such as form and proportions, lighting along with the principle of figure and image through physical indicators (materials, color and proportions) have caused audience perceptions of these buildings. Therefore, by restoring these two important principles, the placement of buildings can be improved.
mehrdad mehrjou; Mehrnaz Molavi
Abstract
Cities, as places of population concentration and increased environmental and social loads, need to reduce vulnerability to human-induced hazards. A city is not merely a collection of buildings, but a human, social, cultural, economic, and physical phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the socio-spatial ...
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Cities, as places of population concentration and increased environmental and social loads, need to reduce vulnerability to human-induced hazards. A city is not merely a collection of buildings, but a human, social, cultural, economic, and physical phenomenon. This research aims to evaluate the socio-spatial vulnerability of historical buildings in the historical fabric of Rasht and examines the potential consequences in the spaces surrounding these buildings. To assess human hazards, the Delphi technique and the ICCROM-CCI-RCE method were used. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression (predictive models) were employed to analyze the output data from Space Syntax software. Ultimately, the findings of the predictive models revealed destructive socio-spatial human behaviors around historical buildings. Two factors, movement flow and visual access, were identified as spatial vulnerability factors extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and seven categories of contextual human hazards were identified. Variables such as visual connectivity, pedestrian movement, vehicle movement, and pedestrian movement within the movement flow have significant factor loadings compared to visual access. In the visual access factor, variables such as vehicle movement and Isovist areas have acceptable factor loadings. The research results clearly showed that the social fabric must be fully considered alongside the spatial fabric. Their interaction is often overlooked during the assessment of vulnerable spaces and the prediction of human-fabric hazards in historical environments. Therefore, managers and officials must comprehensively examine the social context and how humans use space
Mostafa Taleshi; Hossein Amjad Yazdi; Hossein Rahimi
Abstract
Cemetery is one of the effective elements in arranging the spatial structure of human settlement and especially Iranian cities. The social-cultural development of cemeteries along with the increase of social interactions and presence of citizens will bring vitality to urban spaces. The current research ...
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Cemetery is one of the effective elements in arranging the spatial structure of human settlement and especially Iranian cities. The social-cultural development of cemeteries along with the increase of social interactions and presence of citizens will bring vitality to urban spaces. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The method of data collection is documentary and survey, and ArcGIS software and models such as cluster analysis (Group Analysis) and interpolation (IDW) were used for quantitative data analysis. In order to identify and verify the cultural areas of cemeteries, accessibility indicators such as Imam Reza shrine, typical tourist attractions, historical monuments, residential centers and other citizen facilities and services were used. The results showed that the shrine complexes of Imam Reza, Gonbad Kheshti, Gonbad Sabz and Khwaja Rabi as the first cultural area, Yasir and Nasser as the second cultural area, Khwaja Murad and Khwaja Abbasalt as the third cultural area and Miami as the fourth culture area can be identified. In order to increase the role of the cultural areas of cemeteries in the urban vitality of Mashhad metropolis, the indigenous model of the garden-cemetery to promote the Iranian identity in historical cemeteries and the planning of tourism facilities and equipment through the spatial-functional connection of cemeteries with the shrine of Imam Reza in socio-cultural development of urban cemeteries is effective.
Mohammadmahdi Sharifinia; mohammad hosseinpour; ali soltaani
Abstract
Social interactions are a significant indicator of citizens' quality of life, health, well-being, and happiness, and their social satisfaction leads to life satisfaction. Currently, it is believed that the level of social interactions in cities has decreased in recent years, and this issue has negatively ...
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Social interactions are a significant indicator of citizens' quality of life, health, well-being, and happiness, and their social satisfaction leads to life satisfaction. Currently, it is believed that the level of social interactions in cities has decreased in recent years, and this issue has negatively affected the physical and mental health of citizens. Therefore, urban planners and designers are compelled to provide solutions to improve this situation. On the other hand, the physical structure of cities acts as a platform for social activities and has a direct relationship with the social life of citizens. In line with the mentioned factors, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between the physical and spatial structure of the city and the level of social interactions among its residents. In this research, indicators have been used to evaluate the two main criteria: the physical structure of urban neighborhoods and social interactions. ArcGIS Pro software analyzes the physical structure of neighborhoods based on density, land-use mix, access to essential services, and access to public transportation stations. To measure the level of social interaction among residents, questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS software, and finally, the relationship between these two criteria and their impact on each other was examined. The results of these analyses and the investigations conducted on the considered indicators show a positive correlation between social interactions and the indicators of density and access to public transportation, and no significant correlation with other indicators of the physical structure
Narges Moradkhani; Amir Jabbari; Shahla Hasani
Abstract
With the formation of the process of inequality of access to welfare considered by human societies, economic and social contexts and motives as well as factors of population displacement also emerge. Despite all the efforts made towards rural development in the form of various projects, the process of ...
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With the formation of the process of inequality of access to welfare considered by human societies, economic and social contexts and motives as well as factors of population displacement also emerge. Despite all the efforts made towards rural development in the form of various projects, the process of depopulation of villages continues. One of the important policies in the process of rural development of the country is to spend development credits to achieve the goals of rural development. The present study evaluates the impact of construction credits on rural population stability. This research is of practical type and has an analytical nature. The statistical population of this study is all villages with more than twenty households in Zanjan township by rural area (Dehestan). To evaluate the effects, construction credits were considered separately for construction sectors and rural areas. Then, using statistical and econometric and spatial analysis, the effects are evaluated. The duration of the study period is 21 years, which includes the latest available data, from 1991 to 2011. Dynamic panel model and Stata 14 software were used for data analysis. The results of the study show that the funds spent on rural development such as electricity, rural pilot projects, rural schools and health centers have a positive and significant effect on maintaining the rural population. But the effect of credits spent on water and gas resources in maintaining the rural population has not been significant.
Sahar Tabibian
Abstract
Forest fires, whether of human or natural origin, are one of the most important challenges in recent years as a crisis. The aim of this study is to prepare a fire potential map using the geographic information system in the forests of rural areas of Asalem city in order to manage these areas for the ...
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Forest fires, whether of human or natural origin, are one of the most important challenges in recent years as a crisis. The aim of this study is to prepare a fire potential map using the geographic information system in the forests of rural areas of Asalem city in order to manage these areas for the executive departments. In this paper, zoning of fire hazard was investigated by spatial analysis method and using fuzzy hierarchical process and GIS. Using digital-elevation model, slope, geographical directions, altitude maps were prepared and then type of vegetation, roads, rural settlements and farmlands were mapped. In order to rank and weighting the effective criteria in the occurrence of fire through the method of fuzzy AHP, first 30 questionnaires were distributed among fire experts in the study areas. And they were weighed in the AHP fuzzy. Then the weighted layers were evaluated according to the Raster calculator order in GIS and using fuzzy membership functions. Forest fire risk zone mapping were classified into five classes of areas with very high potential to very low potential. From the total of the study area, the area of very high fire risk is equal to 7170 hectares and the area of very low fire risk is 6908 hectares. The results showed that after the fieldwork, the areas with fire history in previous years were completely matched with the final potential map. 48% of the fires occurred were in areas with high and very high potential.
Seyyed Mojtaba Ghazi Mirsaeed; Kiana Etemadi; Raziye Moghiseh
Abstract
Neighborhood-oriented planning is a relatively new approach that improves public services in urban management. Applying this approach in the planning process, more than anything else, requires appropriate social capital, cohesion and integration of residents in a neighborhood community, and strengthening ...
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Neighborhood-oriented planning is a relatively new approach that improves public services in urban management. Applying this approach in the planning process, more than anything else, requires appropriate social capital, cohesion and integration of residents in a neighborhood community, and strengthening the foundations and contexts of neighborhood identity. The present research has examined the role of the neighborhood-oriented approach in order to improve social capital in Qanat Kosar neighborhood located in the 4th district of Tehran. The research method is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose. By reviewing the related texts, indicators and sub-branches of the concept of neighborhood-oriented planning were extracted. Based on the mentioned indicators, the required questions were proposed and by conducting in-depth interviews with 16 people living in the neighborhood and reaching theoretical saturation, the necessary data for analysis were obtained. By using the contextual theory approach and performing three stages of coding (open, central and selective) the final categories were extracted and placed in the framework of causal, contextual, intervention, interactions/strategies and consequences. Based on these cases, a paradigm diagram of the underlying theory was presented and the final theory was obtained in order to improve social capital with a neighborhood-oriented planning approach. The results show that increasing the quality of urban spaces and improving the current situation of the neighborhood, fair distribution of service and welfare facilities, increasing interactions, empowering the neighborhood council, and gaining the trust and participation of residents are among the most important strategies to increase social capital and provide the basis for achieving sustainable neighborhood development in Qanat Kosar neighborhood.
shirin goodarzi; Amirhossein pourjohari
Abstract
The physical growth of Iranian metropolises has forced the urban management to develop urban projects, especially in the field of transportation. These projects are generally defined from a traffic point of view and in line with physical development and the creation of infrastructure and facilities for ...
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The physical growth of Iranian metropolises has forced the urban management to develop urban projects, especially in the field of transportation. These projects are generally defined from a traffic point of view and in line with physical development and the creation of infrastructure and facilities for the movement of cars, and are oblivious to social issues and spatial qualities. Therefore, many of these projects, especially in the city of Karaj, have faced widespread criticism due to various social, cultural and even economic and environmental consequences. Considering the conflict of opinions in this field, it is very necessary to check the compatibility of these projects with the indicators of sustainable urban development. This article evaluates three non-level intersection projects in Karaj based on the four dimensions of sustainable development, including "economic prosperity", "cultural vitality", "social development" and "environmental resilience". The research is quantitative and the data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the sustainability cycles technique showed that the projects of non-level intersections in Karaj city are unfavorable based on the indicators considered for sustainability, especially the social and environmental dimensions. Social and spatial incompatibility, great optimism about technical issues, neglecting residents' opinions, and lack of sustainable design are among the reasons for the failure of these projects.
mozhgan arasteh; amir baghban; sajedeh baghban
Abstract
Nowadays, disaster management theories seek to create resilient societies against natural hazards. Attention to the futuristic approach and its role and position in promoting resilience is very important. The present study has used the futuristic approach to identify the status of the resilience system ...
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Nowadays, disaster management theories seek to create resilient societies against natural hazards. Attention to the futuristic approach and its role and position in promoting resilience is very important. The present study has used the futuristic approach to identify the status of the resilience system of Mashhad metropolis. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical studies, documentation and questionnaires and software analysis were used. Based on the studies, 31 primary variables affecting resilience in social, economic, structural-physical and environmental dimensions were selected. Finally, based on the opinions of 30 experts, six key variables of marginalization, migration, population density and urbanization percentage from the social index group and the variables of income level and housing price from the economic index group were identified in the matrix of cross-effects of Mic Mac software. Then, after defining the favorable, median and catastrophic situations for each of the key variables and evaluating each of these situations on each other by experts, the scenario patterns of Mashhad metropolis were analyzed using the Scenario Wizard software. The results have led to the presentation and proposal of a favorable scenario and a catastrophic scenario for the future of the metropolis of Mashhad. In case of creating and providing social, economic, structural-physical and environmental infrastructures and strategic and futuristic planning in the field of financing at different levels of urban planning, a favorable scenario for the future of Mashhad metropolis will be followed. Otherwise, in the long run, with the destruction and lack of necessary infrastructure, the realization of the disaster scenario and the destruction of the elements of resilience in the metropolis of Mashhad will accelerate.
Peyman omidi; Hamidreza Saremi
Abstract
Tehran's population has increased twenty times over the last century. One of the consequences of this increase in population is traffic problems on most days of the year. One of the requirements of reducing traffic is to reduce the share of intercity travel by private car and change it to other modes ...
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Tehran's population has increased twenty times over the last century. One of the consequences of this increase in population is traffic problems on most days of the year. One of the requirements of reducing traffic is to reduce the share of intercity travel by private car and change it to other modes of transportation. This model is used in public transport-based development (TOD) as a solution. The TOD model has been welcomed as a new model for changing the behavior and changing the physical geometric context of cities by using technology related to the population and residents of the city since 1993 in many countries to reduce some of the urban traffic problems. In fact, the TOD model is a dense development with the right combination of land-uses in the vicinity of public transportation stations. The immediate proximity of housing, places of activity and services in buildings, neighborhoods and urban areas has become an important principle for the good shape of the city in the 21st century. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the development of density and land use mixing in the operating radius of Moniriyeh metro station in order to implement the TOD. Bbased on an applied method, first the criteria of the principle of mixing and density with the focus on public transportation were identified. Then, the specifications of the area were evaluated with the standards of the Institute for Development and Transportation Policy (ITDP). Findings show that Moniriyeh station has not met the required standards of these two indicators in order to implement the model (TOD). Also, the city is planned for a car-centric direction and needs to review its detailed plan. The results of the present study can be used to enrich the TOD literature and assist planners in evaluating the measures taken in urban development.
shahram Amir Entekhabi; majid akbari; Marzieh TaleshiAnbohi; Hedayatollah Darvishi
Abstract
The approach of spatial planning can be called "objective and spatial perception of territorial language". This approach, by using the territorial, organizational, political and trans-sectoral integration approach, tries to provide accuracy in combining and analyzing the components of the spatial organization. ...
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The approach of spatial planning can be called "objective and spatial perception of territorial language". This approach, by using the territorial, organizational, political and trans-sectoral integration approach, tries to provide accuracy in combining and analyzing the components of the spatial organization. The purpose of this article is to analyze the alignment of regional development based on indicators with the components and principles of land use. The purpose of the present study is to analyze and explain the state of the townships of Kermanshah province from the point of view of regional development indicators. This research is applied in terms of targeting and descriptive-analytical based on methodology. The data has been collected from library documents and research studies of Kermanshah province in the form of 32 selected indicators. To analyze the obtained information, the new multi-criteria decision-making technique of Cocoso, Shannon's entropy and Pearson's correlation coefficient statistical test were used in Excel, ArcGIS and SPSS software. The results of the research showed that the township of Kermanshah with the highest score of 17.89 Cocoso ranked first and townships of Islamabad Gharb and Harsin ranked second and third with scores of 17.87 and 17.34, respectively. On the other hand, Salas Babajani has the lowest score of 59.11. Other findings of the research indicate that the dominant development spaces in the townships of Kermanshah province are the developing and deprived levels.
Aliakbar Anabestani; Amin Fa'al Jalali
Abstract
Recognition and analysis of rural manager's supervision over construction in suburban villages is so important that planners currently use it to assess the extent of physical development in such areas. Developing regulations and supervising the various executive stages of rural construction is the most ...
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Recognition and analysis of rural manager's supervision over construction in suburban villages is so important that planners currently use it to assess the extent of physical development in such areas. Developing regulations and supervising the various executive stages of rural construction is the most important stage in rural management. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of supervision of rural managers (Dehyari) on improving the physical development of villages. Regression and correlation statistical tests were used to analyze the data and intelligent structural model was used to identify the effect of independent variables. The statistical population includes households living in rural villages of Tus district and the required sample size was 203 households which were determined using Cochran's statistical formula. Due to the large number of villages and the inability of researchers to study all of them, 12 villages out of 66 were selected based on the N0 formula. Variables such as; recognizing the characteristics and environmental conditions of the village, the obligation to obtain permits for construction, improvement of energy transmission lines, development of civil infrastructure, observance of public rights, observance of environmental principles, observance of safety principles, preservation of village values and observance of residential standards were considered as independent variables. The results showed that these independent variables with a coefficient of 0.35 have an effect on the dependent variable of physical development of the villages. However, the effect of the independent variable of guiding and warning signs during construction was not confirmed due to the low value of the obtained t-statistic, which is less than 1.96.
Hasan Houshyar; Reza Ghaderi; Hossein Ramadan Tash Dehraji
Abstract
Identifying suitable areas to provide the services needed by tourists in the form of tourist villages is one of the most important issues for tourism planners. The aim of this study was to find suitable areas in Mirabad forest located in Oshnoyeh township according to 9 effective indicators in locating ...
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Identifying suitable areas to provide the services needed by tourists in the form of tourist villages is one of the most important issues for tourism planners. The aim of this study was to find suitable areas in Mirabad forest located in Oshnoyeh township according to 9 effective indicators in locating tourist villages (slope, sunshine, land use, land ownership, distance from the line Forests, roads, rural settlements, fault lines and canals). The research approach is descriptive-analytical and applied. In order to analyze the suitable places for the construction of tourist villages in the study area, various GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making techniques have been used. To evaluate and standardize the criteria, the fuzzy logic method has been used, to determine the weight of the criteria and to determine the optimal locations in terms of the studied components, the pairwise comparison and TOPSIS methods have been used. By analyzing the results of the final layer output and its adaptation to the ground realities, three sites based on the degree of desirability for development and creation of a tourist village in the form of 100 by 100 meter pixels (equivalent to one hectare) are proposed and finally proposals for tourism development in the studied area was presented.
mahsa norouzi; Mitra Ghafourian; Zahra Barzegar
Abstract
It is essential to pay attention to the changing needs and demands of users in residential units. The possibility of adapting the space to new conditions depends on the degree of flexibility that can be effective in environmental sustainability. The highest degree of flexibility of interior spaces is ...
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It is essential to pay attention to the changing needs and demands of users in residential units. The possibility of adapting the space to new conditions depends on the degree of flexibility that can be effective in environmental sustainability. The highest degree of flexibility of interior spaces is provided when they have the necessary light and radiant energy and their energy consumption is reduced to the level of thermal comfort. Therefore, flexible buildings are shallow in plan (between 9-13 meters). It seems that one of the solutions for providing the required radiant energy and establishing thermal comfort in residential apartments is to use the yard. Considering that the development component is one of the most appropriate methods of establishing flexibility in housing, the expansion of the inner space of the apartment in the courtyard is suggested as a model of flexible housing. In order to provide a developable pattern along with the improvement of environmental components, the location and orientation of the courtyard of the apartment units in Hamedan city was chosen in a cold climate. For this purpose, in the models of expandable units, first the optimal orientation of the building and then the appropriate location of the yard in the apartment units have been simulated by Energy Plus software. To provide the best developable model, yards with optimal direction and position were compared before and after development. Along with a 15% increase in infrastructure, a 57% decrease in yard area and a 5% per capita decrease in energy consumption along with a 6% per capita decrease in thermal comfort were obtained. Therefore, expandability in the presented model has been associated with increasing climate efficiency.
Parvaneh Sobhani; Afshin Danehkar
Abstract
Cities, as the most consuming ecosystems globally, are responsible for a significant portion of environmental problems. To achieve sustainable development, it is essential to examine the ecological conditions governing these areas. Accordingly, the present study investigated the trend of land cover/use ...
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Cities, as the most consuming ecosystems globally, are responsible for a significant portion of environmental problems. To achieve sustainable development, it is essential to examine the ecological conditions governing these areas. Accordingly, the present study investigated the trend of land cover/use changes during the years 2008-2023, as well as the prediction and modeling of these changes using the Markov chain model and cellular automata (CA-Markov) for the year 2041. Subsequently, the ecological footprint, biocapacity, and ecological deficit/surplus were calculated, and the performance and ecological balance in this region were examined. Finally, ecological pressure and sustainability were also assessed. According to the results, during the years 2008-2023, the most significant decreasing trend was related to sparse rangelands with an area of -1220.7 square kilometers, while the most significant increasing changes were allocated to semi-dense rangelands with an area of 1221.2 square kilometers. In the Tehran-Alborz metropolitan area during the studied years, nearly 2905.2 square kilometers of land cover/use classes showed a decreasing trend, which constitutes 15.41% of the total area of the region. The most significant decreasing trend in 2041 is also related to sparse rangelands with an area of 2661 square kilometers, while the most significant increasing trend is related to semi-dense rangelands with an area of 4548 square kilometers. This trend indicates the rapid pace of urbanization and the transformation of land cover/use classes in this metropolitan area. The investigation of performance and equivalence between land cover/use classes in the region showed that equivalence factors are relatively stable, while performance factors fluctuate significantly. Furthermore, the results indicated that the ecological footprint in the Tehran-Alborz metropolitan area (2008-2041) has an increasing trend, while biocapacity and ecological surplus have a decreasing trend. The ecological footprint index and ecological depth also show an increasing trend, indicating an increase in ecological pressure and a decrease in ecological sustainability during the studied years. Therefore, the realization of sustainable development and the protection of natural resources, as well as establishing a balance between human consumption of resources and the absorption of produced waste by nature, necessitates the action of planners and authorities in preserving and protecting the environment in this area, in a way that they strive to preserve its valuable biological resources and improve the ecological environment in this region.
Abbasali Arvin
Abstract
Renewable energies are one of the most important sources of clean energy without harmful effects on the environment, which can be optimally used in remote areas, especially in rural areas. In this research, the potential of renewable energies including wind and solar energy for rural development in Ardestan ...
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Renewable energies are one of the most important sources of clean energy without harmful effects on the environment, which can be optimally used in remote areas, especially in rural areas. In this research, the potential of renewable energies including wind and solar energy for rural development in Ardestan township was investigated. For this purpose, daily statistics of solar radiation intensity and sky cloudiness and wind speed and direction statistics with a 3-hour time period of Ardestan station were used. The Weibull distribution probability function was used to estimate the radiation of Angstrom's equation and to predict and estimate the power of wind turbines. The results showed that Ardestan has a high talent for using solar energy due to the lower cloudiness coefficient. In about 90% of the year in Ardestan, wind blows with a speed between 8.8-3.6 m/s from the south and southwest. So, by applying the density coefficient in relation to temperature and height, the practical power of the turbine at a height of 50 meters reaches 528 kw/h, which has a high power for generating electricity. Due to the fact that it is not possible for the villagers to use wind turbines on a large scale, the use of solar water heaters for rural households and the use of wind power towers under the management of the township's electricity distribution company are suggested.
Masoud Safaeepour; eghbal nasiri
Abstract
Worn-out tissues are a part of today's cities that face many problems in economic, social, physical, environmental and management dimensions. The decline in social and economic status and the functional and physical disorders of these tissues, along with the sharp decline in the quality of the urban ...
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Worn-out tissues are a part of today's cities that face many problems in economic, social, physical, environmental and management dimensions. The decline in social and economic status and the functional and physical disorders of these tissues, along with the sharp decline in the quality of the urban environment, are among the reasons that have forced policy makers and urban planners to present new strategies in dealing with the problems of these tissues. Regeneration has been introduced as the latest and most accepted intervention approach in the organization of worn-out tissues. The main goal of this research is to identify the key effective drivers on the regeneration of worn-out tissues of Behbahan city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and according to the investigated components, its approach is descriptive-analytical. The research data and information have been collected using documentary and field studies. The statistical population of the research, consisting of 18 urban experts and specialists, was selected by purposive sampling. Then, 28 effective variables on the regeneration of worn-out tissues have been identified and analyzed with MICMAC software. The results of this research show that among the 28 driving forces, the empowerment of residents, the allocation of financial credits in the form of housing loans, the promotion and development of urban resilience, the participation of people and interested groups in decisions, compliance with principles and rules of urban development, creating capacity to increase the income of the residents, paying attention to old valuable buildings, creating a platform for the entry of the private sector are among the key drivers influencing the future of the regeneration of the worn-out tissues of Behbahan.
rostam saberifar
Abstract
The use of public transportation, along with benefits such as saving time, reducing fuel consumption, economic savings, reducing air pollution, reducing noise pollution, and proper safety, also increases the quality of urban life and increases social interactions. Therefore, understanding the demographic, ...
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The use of public transportation, along with benefits such as saving time, reducing fuel consumption, economic savings, reducing air pollution, reducing noise pollution, and proper safety, also increases the quality of urban life and increases social interactions. Therefore, understanding the demographic, technical-promotional and socio-cultural factors affecting the decision-making process of citizens in the use of public transport will play an important role in the planning and policy-making system in this area. In this study, to determine the behavior of citizens when using public transportation, a descriptive and analytical method with Tobit model has been used.The data was collected in 2019 and includes 300 citizens of Mashhad. The required data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The results showed that the distance between the place of residence and the place of employment has a negative effect on the use of public transport system. But factors such as the presence of highly educated people in the family, access to bicycles, compliance with pollution control criteria at home, personal literacy and awareness of the long-term dangers of using a private vehicle, have positive impacts on the use of public transport systems. According to the findings, two suggestions were made: 1- Educating and informing citizens about the long-term dangers of private vehicles, and 2- Targeting literate households for citizenship education related to public transportation. These people can encourage citizens to be sustainable and protect the environment.
Nasrin Nosart; reza GHaderi
Abstract
Natural hazards such as snow, floods and the like are considered as inevitable phenomena that are always a serious threat to human communities, especially rural communities. If these communities do not have the necessary resilience, the harmful effects of these risks will increase. If these communities ...
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Natural hazards such as snow, floods and the like are considered as inevitable phenomena that are always a serious threat to human communities, especially rural communities. If these communities do not have the necessary resilience, the harmful effects of these risks will increase. If these communities do not have a secure level of resilience, the harmful effects of these risks will increase. Therefore, it is important to measure the resilience of the villagers against the natural hazards. The purpose of this study is to measure the resilience of rural settlements in case of blockage of communication roads. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. Documentary and field studies have been used to collect data and information. The research area includes eleven villages in Barough rural district in Miandoab Township. According to Cochran's formula, 281 rural households were selected as the research sample and the research data were obtained with their help. The results showed that the resilience of rural settlements in Barough rural district in the event of snow cut-off of communication roads, with the exception of the physical dimension which is less than average, is at a desirable level. Also, the most important factor in increasing the resilience of the villagers when the roads are blocked due to snowfall is "increasing social participation and economic power."a
hooshmand attaee; alireza bostany; Reihaneh Soltani; gity salahi
Abstract
Drought is one of the most complex and unknown natural disasters that causes irreparable economic, social and environmental damages to rural settlements. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the vulnerability of rural settlements to drought using the Coopras model in the villages located in ...
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Drought is one of the most complex and unknown natural disasters that causes irreparable economic, social and environmental damages to rural settlements. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the vulnerability of rural settlements to drought using the Coopras model in the villages located in the drought areas of Darab township. First, the drought areas of the township were determined using the rainfall statistics of 10 rain gauge stations based on the SPI (Standardized precipitation Index) model. Then, using Shannon's entropy model, 19 vulnerability variables were investigated in drought zones. Finally, using the multi-criteria decision-making model of Coopras, the ranking of the villages located in the study area was done. The results show that drought has had the greatest impact on the variables of destruction of surface and underground water sources, reduction of per capita income of farmers, abandonment of agricultural lands due to drought and migration of villagers. The results related to the ranking of the villages affected by drought show that the villages of Daulat-Abad, Darnganeh, Shahrak-Bostan and Bahadoran were the most vulnerable to the phenomenon of drought and the villages of Tal-Bargah, Junan, Nasravan and Qala Naw were less vulnerable than the surrounding villages.
Mahmoud Falsolayman; Mohammad Hajipour; Javad Karimipour
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the physical and spatial effects of executive actions affected by the approach of neoliberal policies in the planning system in the urban peripherals of Birjand. In terms of nature and method, the present study is descriptive with a survey approach. ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate and evaluate the physical and spatial effects of executive actions affected by the approach of neoliberal policies in the planning system in the urban peripherals of Birjand. In terms of nature and method, the present study is descriptive with a survey approach. Data collection was done through a questionnaire and data analysis was done using classic and spatial statistics indexes. The research population included the surrounding villages of Birjand city, and the samples were selected according to distance and population. First, villages located within 15 km of the legal boundary of Birjand city were selected, then villages with more than 20 households were selected as samples. The number of samples included 22 settlements with 7739 households based on the 2016 census. The sample size at the household level was selected using Cochran's formula with an error level of 0.5%, which includes 336 households based on the population ratio of each village. The results showed that the actions affected by the approach of neoliberal policies by the planning system on spatial and physical changes in Birjand peripheral were significant at a "high" level. Then, the comparison test of the average of the societies (independent paired test) was conducted in order to compare the degree (power and intensity) of the effects of neoliberal policies in two physical and spatial domains. The results showed that the effectiveness of neoliberal policies in spatial and physical dimensions was almost the same. Also, the results show that as the distance from the city center increases, spatial and physical developments increase, and in this regard, executive proposals have been presented.
Yeganeh Mosavi Jahromi; Jahangir Biabani; elnaz arzaghi
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have analyzed migration flows using several experimental methods. This research has considered economic factors (per capita GDP, unemployment rate, and poverty intensity) and environmental factors (drought index (CI)) affecting internal migration in 31 provinces of Iran during ...
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In recent years, researchers have analyzed migration flows using several experimental methods. This research has considered economic factors (per capita GDP, unemployment rate, and poverty intensity) and environmental factors (drought index (CI)) affecting internal migration in 31 provinces of Iran during 2011-2016. The results of descriptive statistics are displayed in the ArcMap software. Moreover, considering that the location dimension has been confirmed in statistical data on internal migration and explanatory variables based on Moran's I test and in spatial models according to rho and lambda statistics, after testing different spatial models, the SEM spatial model was chosen to examine the research model. For this purpose, GeoDa and Stata software were used. The results of the spatial regression of the cross-sectional data showed that the economic indicators of GDP per capita, unemployment, and poverty intensity have a statistically significant effect on net migration in the provinces of the country. Unemployment and poverty have a negative effect, and income (gross domestic product per capita) positively affects net migration in the provinces. These results are consistent with the economic motives proposed in neoclassical theories and relative deprivation theory in internal migration. Additionally, increasing CI (avoidance of drought) as an environmental factor has positively and significantly affected net migration in the provinces. By combining this result with descriptive statistics, it can be stated that migration is one of several potential strategies for households to deal with environmental changes (drought).
Mahmood Ziaee; Ali Delshad; Mohammad Taghi Taghavifard; Abolfazl Tajzadeh Namin
Abstract
The competitiveness of tourist destinations has a good place in the literature and theoretical foundations of tourism studies, however, in the field of research it is full of inconsistencies and contradictions in terms of concept, measurement and legitimacy. The purpose of this study was to provide a ...
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The competitiveness of tourist destinations has a good place in the literature and theoretical foundations of tourism studies, however, in the field of research it is full of inconsistencies and contradictions in terms of concept, measurement and legitimacy. The purpose of this study was to provide a holistic and systematic view of studies in the field of competitiveness of tourism destinations and analysis of previous research in the hierarchy of the scientific paradigm of this field of tourism studies. Therefore, in order to create a deeper understanding of the characteristics, factors and how to measure and improve the competitiveness of tourism destinations, a qualitative meta-analysis method was used to collect and analyze previous researches and Blaikie Triple Index was used to analyze these researches in the hierarchy of the scientific paradigm of tourism competitiveness studies. The results show that in the last two decades, much attention has been paid to the research of tourism destinations competitiveness and to overcome the complexities of this field of tourism studies, researchers have sought to integrate previous models in order to come up with new findings. Other results of this study, which distinguish it from other studies, show that in the hierarchy of the scientific paradigm of this field of tourism studies, 61% of previous studies, after answering the question of what (epistemology), have addressed the issue of why (ontology). Also, a small number of studies related to the competitiveness of tourism destinations (15%) have tried to provide a new model for how to measure the competitiveness of tourist destinations by going through the two levels of what and why (methodology). The final finding of this research is to provide a conceptual framework in which the interaction of factors and variables of competitiveness of tourist destinations with a systemic and holistic perspective is specified.
Mostafa Amirfakhriyan; Fatemeh Zaaferani
Abstract
The present study, using spatial analysis models and in the framework of the "spatial diffusion" approach, has evaluated the position of the central core of Torqabeh city from the perspective of population groups. This evaluation includes two periods: 1- Slow growth (before 2006) and 2- Rapid growth ...
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The present study, using spatial analysis models and in the framework of the "spatial diffusion" approach, has evaluated the position of the central core of Torqabeh city from the perspective of population groups. This evaluation includes two periods: 1- Slow growth (before 2006) and 2- Rapid growth (after 2006). Research variables include population, number of women, elderly, youth, employed, unemployed and illiterate. The scale of analysis comprises 1476 urban blocks and three periods of 1996, 2006 and 2016. For this purpose, a spatial database including the population characteristics of Torqabeh city and its central core was created and then data were analyzed using spatial statistical tools and techniques such as Getis-Ord Gi and Grouping Analysis. The results of this evaluation showed that before 2006, the central core was the origin of all population groups and was different from other urban areas. But after 2006, population groups with the dominant pattern of "continuous spatial diffusion" move out from the central core and settle around it. Spatial analysis models show that as a result of these changes, the central core of Torqabeh does not lose its position compared to other urban areas. Rather, this process causes some areas to become more similar to the central nucleus and the population characteristics of the central nucleus to be multiplied in other regions. The spread of population groups around the central nucleus and its adjacent areas, on the one hand, indicates the desire of individuals to be present in this area and show spatial cohesion, and on the other hand indicates the existence of a distinct pattern of central nucleus changes in physical growth which is different from common patterns in large cities.
