Hasan Sajadzadeh; Amir Shakery
Abstract
Rapid urbanization and the decline in urban environmental quality, including the lack of green spaces and functional diversity, have significantly affected citizens’ mental health, making the investigation of this relationship increasingly important. This study aims to analyze the impact of urban ...
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Rapid urbanization and the decline in urban environmental quality, including the lack of green spaces and functional diversity, have significantly affected citizens’ mental health, making the investigation of this relationship increasingly important. This study aims to analyze the impact of urban environmental quality components on mental health, using Eram Boulevard in Hamedan as a case study. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach with an applied purpose. Data were collected using a localized questionnaire developed based on the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha (0.921), while construct validity was verified using exploratory factor analysis (KMO = 0.798; Bartlett’s test: p < 0.001). The statistical population consisted of citizens using Eram Boulevard, and the sample size was determined to be 384 based on Cochran’s formula. Sampling was conducted using a cluster–systematic method across the eastern, central, and western sections during both daytime and nighttime periods. The findings reveal that seven components of urban environmental quality—accessibility, functional diversity, environmental quality, safety, nighttime vitality, presence (place usability), and urban landscape and visual quality—have a positive and significant relationship with dimensions of mental health, including vitality, environmental satisfaction, social interaction, sense of calmness, psychological security, sense of belonging, and motivation (p < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated strong relationships among several variables, including accessibility with vitality (ρ = 0.770) and presence (ρ = 0.746), as well as nighttime vitality with psychological security (ρ = 0.694). Robust regression analysis showed that functional diversity, accessibility, and environmental quality explain up to 83.6% of the variance in mental health. In addition, the Friedman test identified accessibility and environmental quality as the highest-priority components. These findings highlight the important role of socio-spatial urban factors in reducing stress and strengthening the sense of belonging, while also providing practical implications for human-centered urban planning. A major contribution of this study is the development of a comprehensive framework for assessing urban environmental quality and proposing a localized model for promoting mental health in medium-sized Iranian cities.
masood Taghvaei; Hossein Kiumarsi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 25-36
Abstract
Rapid expansion of cities in developing countries has had a number of spatial-physical consequences including imbalance distribution of service-related land-use in cities, especially metropolitan areas. Shiraz as a metropolitan in Iran is no exception. Intensive concentration of service-related land-use ...
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Rapid expansion of cities in developing countries has had a number of spatial-physical consequences including imbalance distribution of service-related land-use in cities, especially metropolitan areas. Shiraz as a metropolitan in Iran is no exception. Intensive concentration of service-related land-use in few areas of the city has led to deprivation of the rest parts of the city to enjoy urban facilities and services. Urban parks distribution is an example of the mentioned situation. Public parks regardless of their function to clean the environment have an important role in citizen’s health conditions. Assessing the spatial distribution of local and regional parks of Shiraz indicates that there is a high concentration of such features in central area of the city and its nearby lots. Accessibility to such parks is not easy for most residents and the influence areas of the parks are intersected in most cases. The present study was aimed to show the optimal site locations for public parks in Shiraz. Therefore, first effective criteria for urban park locations were defined based on current land-use map of the city, and then using Hierarchical Analysis Process method, the criteria and sub-criteria were weighted. Finally, based on network analysis and defining influence area methods, 14 local parks and 3 regional parks were proposed in suitable locations.
Mohsen Sartipipour
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 25-36
Abstract
Iran is a vast country with a diverse national, regional geographical condition which 60% of its expanse is in the rural areas. More than 63898 villages with the population about 23 million (Statical Centre of Iran 1385) exists in the country which, with the special economic, social and cultural ...
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Iran is a vast country with a diverse national, regional geographical condition which 60% of its expanse is in the rural areas. More than 63898 villages with the population about 23 million (Statical Centre of Iran 1385) exists in the country which, with the special economic, social and cultural characteristics play an important role in the production and the supply of food requirements, independence and security in this region. Through recent years, supplying villagers with adequate environment and housing have been the main concern. The process of major actions such as preparation and implementation of rural detailed planning, and the national planning of building 200000 housing units annually, have influenced the fabric and physical arrangements of villages. Markazi Province with 419184 people and 1278 villages has occupied 29125 square kilometers of the whole country (1.8%). According to year 85 statistics of Statical Centre of Iran, 99842 rural housing units exists in this state that the reconstruction of these units is the major aim of national improvement planning of rural housing. Providing adequate environment and housing without the knowledge about rural architectural characteristics is a though or maybe non-achievable job. Existence of worthy vernacular housing typologies in the state and the need for knowledge about characteristics and preservation of the sustainability values, have made the need of architectural studies in the field of housing very important. The forth article which have been prepared with the aim of introducing the dominant housing typologies of Markazi province is in 3 phases. The first part analyses the general aspects, introduction, methodology and determining the villages and sample housing units and introducing the Markazi Province. The second part is specified to defining rural fabric characteristics, physical arrangements, housing typologies and their elements. The third part is dedicated to analysis, conclusion and determination of dominant housing typologies and accepted housing in Province villages.
Mojtaba Rafieyan; Farshad Noorian; Hadi RezaeeRad
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 25-36
Abstract
Land Surface Thermal (LST) is a key variable to control the relations between different types of radial, latent, and sensible thermal fluxes in urban areas. For analyzing and understanding dynamics of LST, it is necessary to recognize its relations with changes created by men. Recognizing such relations ...
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Land Surface Thermal (LST) is a key variable to control the relations between different types of radial, latent, and sensible thermal fluxes in urban areas. For analyzing and understanding dynamics of LST, it is necessary to recognize its relations with changes created by men. Recognizing such relations is a requirement for modeling and predicting environmental changes and also for urban policies. On the other hand, increases occur in vegetation cover is an effective strategy to reduce the effects of urban microclimate. The present study analyzes the trends of surface thermal changes and its spatial correlations with vegetation cover in Tehran metropolitan during 2003 to 2016. Free clouds satellite images of Tehran by Landsat8 (August 2016) and Aster (August 2003) were analyzed using Envi software. Different algorithms of remote sensing were applied to convert LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) indicators into spatial patterns. Spatial outcomes of the present study indicate that during a decade the minimum amount of surface thermal and the average amount of LST have decreased 3.67°c and 0.47°c respectively. In contrast, the average amount of NDVI was increased from 0.06 to 0.10. Also, the estimation of spatial correlation between LST and NDVI indicators showed an amount 0.02 reduction in 22 urban regions of Tehran metropolitan during the last decade. Such a reduction indicates that increasing functions of human activities have affected the rates of thermal and energy of urban surfaces. Therefore, to reduce energy consumption in the city, it is evident that different patterns of physical development should be applied for the city.
Aref Zahirnejad; Hashem Dadashpoor
Abstract
Examination of socio-spatial segregation and differentiations will clearly help better understanding of social and spatial structures of the regions. Isfahan metropolitan region is offering contradictory qualities in its various settlements due to the abnormal increase in growth rate and migrations of ...
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Examination of socio-spatial segregation and differentiations will clearly help better understanding of social and spatial structures of the regions. Isfahan metropolitan region is offering contradictory qualities in its various settlements due to the abnormal increase in growth rate and migrations of different social classes possessing different socioeconomic traits. This study seeks to measure the region’s socio-spatial segregation of educational and occupational groups and to express their spatial patterns. The present study follows a descriptive-quantitative method. It can be categorized as an applicable research which uses a deductive strategy. Based on data obtained from the national census of population and housing in 2011, 14 One-group segregation indices were calculated by Geo-Segregation Analyzer software. Also, the patterns of both groups were mapped by Location Quotient and Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord-Gi) in ArcGIS software version 10.4. The results reveal that the study region generally have a relatively homogeneous environment due to low values of segregation. However, in terms of occupational groups, eastern settlements are suffering from improper conditions. The lower class of the occupational groups has mainly been concentrated and clustered in this part of the region. In terms of educational groups, the western side shows relatively lower segregation than the eastern side but there are still considerable inequalities in central areas.
Alireza behrad; Parviz akbari; Malihe Ahmadi
Abstract
The Mehr housing plan was designed to house the lower decks of society in the ninth government. Qualitative-physical dimensions of housing can be investigated from two angles: first, the housing structure as a residential unit, the second is the physical relationship of housing with its residential environment ...
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The Mehr housing plan was designed to house the lower decks of society in the ninth government. Qualitative-physical dimensions of housing can be investigated from two angles: first, the housing structure as a residential unit, the second is the physical relationship of housing with its residential environment which is a social indicator of the role and place of housing in urban development. Considering the importance of housing and especially Mehr housing, the city of Kerman is investigated and the quality housing components are summarized in order to be used as a model for construction and appraisal of Mehr housing. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality components of Mehr housing in terms of physical characteristics of housing. The question posed in the present study is: which components affect the quality of housing? Based on aim this research is developmental-applied which uses an analytical-descriptive method for data collection. Two models of AHP and TOPSIS have been used for data analysis. Based on their importance, the present study considers six main components in two different categories of "physical and qualitative" alternatives. The components are: housing pattern, housing strength and safety, environmental quality, accessibility, infrastructure, and land use. Analysis of the results indicated that the criterion of the shape and pattern of housing with land-use scale are the most important criteria. Finally, the comparison of the final weight results indicated that the results of qualitative alternative is superior to the other.
Mahmood FalSolayman; Javad Mikaniki; Mahshad Eghtedari
Abstract
One of the initiatives of the councils act is appointing an executive officer called "Dehyar" in each village. Dehyar is responsible for implementing decisions taken by the Islamic council of the village. Dehyars as the rural mangers enjoy much power and resources. They would certainly play an important ...
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One of the initiatives of the councils act is appointing an executive officer called "Dehyar" in each village. Dehyar is responsible for implementing decisions taken by the Islamic council of the village. Dehyars as the rural mangers enjoy much power and resources. They would certainly play an important role in rural development if they have enough motivation and skills. After two decades of implementation, it is necessary to recognize and evaluate the functions of Dehyars in terms of physical-developmental, environmental, social and economic indicators. As a survey, the present study aimed to evaluate the performance of modern rural management in AnbarAbad county. The sample included 40 randomly selected villages and 180 households selected by Cochran formula of 14520 households. The required questionnaires were completed based on existing variances of the research (0.119), population proportion, and household dimension of each village. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and Waspas model. The results of the polls indicated that the effects of Dehyar performance on improving the physical-developmental, environmental, and social conditions of the villages are moderate and it is high for the economic condition. Also, results of the Waspas model indicated that Dehyars of Jahad-abad, Ali-abad, Garmsar and Mardehek villages are ranked from first to fourth, respectively, in terms of having the best performance in compare to the other villages of Anabar-abad city.
Sayed Ali Badri; Mohammadreza Rezvani; Parvin Khodadadi
Abstract
Iran’s rural sector faces many problems in terms of ecological, physical, economic and social dimensions. These problems lead to the situation in which villages become places for high-income urban groups, physical unrest, land use change, and a lack of attention to the process of developing policies ...
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Iran’s rural sector faces many problems in terms of ecological, physical, economic and social dimensions. These problems lead to the situation in which villages become places for high-income urban groups, physical unrest, land use change, and a lack of attention to the process of developing policies and programs against their products and outcomes. As a result, the future of physical development in rural areas faces a serious challenge. The aim of the present study was to analyze the current situation in the framework of developing a spatial policy for the sustainable physical development of rural areas of the country. In this regard, both the content of rural development policies and the process of formulating these policies and the role of effective factors in it have been examined. The method of obtaining cognition in this research is qualitative, which is divided into two methods: 1- method of analysis of directional qualitative content; and 2 - Grand Theory. The results show that the existing spatial policy development framework for sustainable physical development of rural areas in Iran consists of policy factors, policy processes and policy content. Important factors such as the lack of general policies of the political system in rural development, centralism and the marginal position of rural society at the national level affect the framework of spatial policy development. Also, current policy processes, following the factors, have several challenges that include sectoral and centralized policies, as well as the lack of coherence and coordination of agencies in the development of programs. Therefore, solving these challenges requires reforming processes and institutions instead of expanding administrative organization, integrating agricultural and rural development policies, and ultimately creating and strengthening clusters, systems, and networks. Analysis of the qualitative content of the documents showed that the factors of planning, budgeting and formulation of national sustainable development strategy, the need for coordination of sectors and communication of different national and local levels as well as economic dimension, infrastructure-physical dimension have the greatest role and influence in developing spatial development policy of rural areas.
Jalal Rezaeenoor; Ahmad Hatami; Ali Talesh Kazemi
Volume 5, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 26-46
Abstract
Urban life quality as a dynamic and multidimensional concept is one of the most important areas of urban studies in different countries focusing on all objective and non-objective aspects of life. The purpose of the present study is to determine the status of life quality index and the weaknesses and ...
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Urban life quality as a dynamic and multidimensional concept is one of the most important areas of urban studies in different countries focusing on all objective and non-objective aspects of life. The purpose of the present study is to determine the status of life quality index and the weaknesses and strengnesses of its criteria in the areas of Qom city. The research method was descriptive-analytic and the data gathering method was a combination of documentary and expert assistance. Then a questionnaire was designed to be completed on the field. What is being discussed in this paper is the accurate understanding of the concept of life quality and measuring citizen’s satisfaction of it in urban areas of Qom. Data analysis was performed using the ISM, FAHP and WASPAS methods. The results show that regions 1 and 4 with , were selected as the best regions. The selection, of course, was based on some factors such as high levels of regional security; easier access to public transportation; having more administrative centers, job status, better neighborhoods and the availability of appropriate cultural facilities. Also, regions 2 and 6 were selected as the worst regions due to their worse job conditions, accommodation of low-income households, inadequate access to services and stores, and disposal of sewage.
AbdolHamid Nazari; mahmoud pak
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 27-38
Abstract
The indigenous pattern of rural housing is formed according to physical and ecological factors . it takes advantage of systemic approach in which all sub-systems have structural-functional links and evolve during the time. Nowadays, as understanding the ecology of rural housing in different parts of ...
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The indigenous pattern of rural housing is formed according to physical and ecological factors . it takes advantage of systemic approach in which all sub-systems have structural-functional links and evolve during the time. Nowadays, as understanding the ecology of rural housing in different parts of the country is important, the necessity of studying ,maintaining and sustaining the indigenous patterns are important, too. / the “Improvement of rural housing “ plan is considered as one of the most important physical plans that has broadly accepted by a large number of rural residents because of assigning low interest bank credits by the government. The plan has been successful in case of removal of deprivation and quake-resistant built-up, however, the plan has not achieved a lot of success in case of regarding the criteria of indigenous housing pattern. The present study has evaluated the “improvement of rural housing” plan in turkman sahra region based on the mentioned criteria. The applied method is an explanation-analitic one based on field study and field data collection.to do so,280 households were selected based on a random sampling. The sample also was divided into two groups: the group of people who have benefited the bank credits and another group without using bank credits. The findings of the study indicate that the plan has successes and shortcomings. successes include: the improving of rural culture in relation to plan and map of houses, regarding the security butter, and rebuilding energy-consuming pattern. shortcomings include: location of the house inside yard, houses, direction, alteration of economic functions, and the height of the buildings.
Pari Shokri Firoozjah
Volume 4, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 27-44
Abstract
Today, natural disasters and damages caused by these accidents in different parts of the world have made making cities safer to become a long-term and achievable challenge so that urban communities are looking for conditions to reduce the damage so they can get to pre-crisis situation as soon as possible. ...
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Today, natural disasters and damages caused by these accidents in different parts of the world have made making cities safer to become a long-term and achievable challenge so that urban communities are looking for conditions to reduce the damage so they can get to pre-crisis situation as soon as possible. Meanwhile, viability is an important way to strengthen communities and cities by using their capacities. In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytic method to investigate the viability of Babol area against environmental hazards that’s questionnaire was arranged with four dimensions, 16 indicators and 31 sub-indicators and total of 383 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the statistical population of the study, based on the Cochran model. To investigate the research issues and data analysis has been used from the multi-variable decision-making model "VIKOR" and the standard weights of each of the indicators have been calculated using Chanol Entropy method. The results of the research data were analyzed using SPSS, GIS and Excel software it is shown that among different dimensions of urban vibration in 12 areas of Babol, physical dimensions (with a mean of 3.54) and then social (with an average of 3.14) are more appropriate but in general, about 50% of the studied areas in Babol have low glare and irregularity and only 25% of the regions are quite viable in terms of indicators.
Davood Mahdavi; Elham Hezarian
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 27-45
Abstract
Human beings have always been subject to the natural hazards as a permanent part of their life. Among them, devastating earthquakes are responsible for a large number of human casualty and financial losses. About a quarter of rural populations in Iran live in villages close to active geological faults. ...
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Human beings have always been subject to the natural hazards as a permanent part of their life. Among them, devastating earthquakes are responsible for a large number of human casualty and financial losses. About a quarter of rural populations in Iran live in villages close to active geological faults. It necessitates a serious attention about the rate of vulnerability of such settlements. The present study aims to evaluate the physical vulnerability of rural settlements against earthquakes in Yazd County. A descriptive-analytical method is applied. Collected data include the spatial, graphical and locational data. Two models were used for data analysis: Topsis MDM and AHP. The results showed that all villages in Fajr rural district were less vulnerable against earthquake occurrence. In contrast, all villages in rural district of Allah Abad, except the village of Tamehr, were more vulnerable against earthquakes. Results also indicated that the age of most rural buildings were more than 20 years and their low-quality materials mainly include wood and mud. In addition, insufficient access to the networks and the lack of rural housing insurance are the other factors to increase the risk of vulnerability of rural settlements. For these reasons, it is necessary to encourage modernization and rehabilitation of buildings, selecting appropriate planning programs and supporting new ideas.
Saadi Mohammadi; Chnoor Mohammadi; Amjad Hedayat
Abstract
Among the numerous indicators of development, health index is one of the most important indicators of progress in each country, and to a large extent, the success rate of national development programs depends on achieving the objectives of this sector. Inequality in health and medical careness among ...
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Among the numerous indicators of development, health index is one of the most important indicators of progress in each country, and to a large extent, the success rate of national development programs depends on achieving the objectives of this sector. Inequality in health and medical careness among the regions displays the differences in the extent of development of health facilities among cities, villages, regions and countries. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the spatial distribution of health indices in Kermanshah province and to identify the privileged and deprived counties in terms of health-medical situation. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on method it is a descriptive-analytical one. The sample of the present study includes 14 counties of Kermanshah province. Required data were extracted from the Population and Housing Census and the annual statistical report of 2015 of Kermanshah province. In order to determine the level of development of provincial counties in terms of per capita health-medical indicator, 41 variables were used and quantified. Shannon entropy method was applied to determine the importance of each variable. For data analysis, the SAW and TOPSIS models were applied. Also the mean rank, Brada and Copelend methods were used to integrate the results of the models (SAW, TOPSIS). Pearson correlation was used to show the relationship between urbanization rate and distance from the center of the province with the status of development of health services. The results of the present research indicated that four counties were located at develped category. They include: Qasarshirin, Paveh, Sunqor and Kermanshah, respectively. Three counties namely Javanrood, Kangavar and Sahneh were categorized as semi-developed, respectively. Dalahu, Harsin, Gilan-Gharb, Islamabad, and SarPul Zahab were classifies as developing counties. And finally, Ravansar and SalasBabajani were considered as deprived counties of Kermanshah province. According to the results, it was found that there is inequality and difference in distribution of health services among the counties of Kermanshah province and the conditions of counties are different from each other. Also, it was found that there were not any correlations between the rate of urbanization and distance fron the center of province with the development of health-medical services.
Zeinab Kazemi Chamsourak; Hamid Jalalian; Ahmad Zanganeh
Abstract
Rural settlements, as spatial systems, have always been affected by internal and external forces and changes in their structures and functions. Transitional villages are more dynamic and experience more developments than other rural settlements because of their features that are considered neither rural ...
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Rural settlements, as spatial systems, have always been affected by internal and external forces and changes in their structures and functions. Transitional villages are more dynamic and experience more developments than other rural settlements because of their features that are considered neither rural nor urban. The present study seeks to identify the factors affecting the changes occurred in transitional rural settlements of Aivan county (Illam province, Iran). This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method. Data collection was done by two methods: documentary and field. In documentary method, statistical information and data of the settlements of the study area, literature, and related theoretical bases were collected and studied. In the field method, first-hand data and information were obtained using the Dehyar, Shura (11 questionnaires) and rural residents in transitional villages (184 questionnaires). The statistical population of the study is 55 inhabited villages with a total population of 16281 and 3848 households in Aivan county. Eleven populated villages were selected as transitional and sample villages using four indices of population, centrality, distance to city center and number of governmental and nongovernmental institutions. AHP and TOPSIS methods were applied to weight the aforementioned indicators by experts and to weight the sample villages, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-sample T-test. Findings of the study show that the physical component with a real average of 2.99 is in the first place, the economic component with a real average of 2.88 and the spatial component with a real average of 2.74 is in the third place. This means that the physical, economic and spatial dimensions as external and internal factors have had the most impact on the transitional villages of Aivan county, respectively.
Esmaeil Salehi; Shahrzad Faryadi; Lobat Zebardast; Omid Heydari
Abstract
Stabilizing some services such as parks and green spaces in small towns like Bandar Abbas requires an efficient strategic planning. The purpose of this study was presenting a physical strategy for development of parks and green spaces in Bandar Abbas using Meta-SWOT strategic model. Such a model is applied ...
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Stabilizing some services such as parks and green spaces in small towns like Bandar Abbas requires an efficient strategic planning. The purpose of this study was presenting a physical strategy for development of parks and green spaces in Bandar Abbas using Meta-SWOT strategic model. Such a model is applied in urban and regional research for the first time by the present study. Adopting a descriptive-analytical base, a combination of documentary and field methods were applied for data collection and analysis. The Meta-SWOT analytical technique has been used to formulate a strategy for developing and describing goals, resources and capabilities and macro-environmental factors. Based on results, drought is considered as the biggest environmental obstacle for development and management of parks and green spaces. Among the effective factors for managing and physical development of parks and green spaces in Bandar Abbas, the highest strategic suitability relates to some factors including: people's participation and cooperation, the existence of appropriate infrastructure, the presence of expert human resources and at the top of all proximity to the Persian Gulf. Therefore, the particular attention should be paid to the mentioned factors. Also, the existence of a library and attracting centers such as flower garden as well as experienced people like professors who can train and teach required specialized and technical people should be at the top of the executive to solve human resource constraints.
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei; Majid Kiavarz; Mohsen Kalantari
Abstract
Nowadays, interlinking of structural, social, environmental and economic aspects of cities is a major problem which results from unplanned horizontal expansion of cities and their land-use changes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the land use changes and physical expansion of Babol ...
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Nowadays, interlinking of structural, social, environmental and economic aspects of cities is a major problem which results from unplanned horizontal expansion of cities and their land-use changes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the land use changes and physical expansion of Babol city during the last 30 years and to predict the land use change’s trend for the future. To do so, Landsat multi-temporal images of 1985, 1992, 2000, and 2015 were used. The maximum likelihood algorithm was applied for classification of land use and cross tab model was used for investigation of land use changes. The scattered expansion of the city was examined through Shannon’s entropy index. Moreover, the CA-Markov model was applied to predict the land use change’s trend as well as the physical expansion of Babol city. Results of the present study confirmed the extreme physical expansion of Babol city during the last three decades. Such an expansion was the main reason for degradation of agricultural lands and green spaces around the suburbs. The growth rate of the built-up areas was 92%. The more distance from the built-up areas the less changes occurred in land uses. Also, the Shannon entropy index was increased from 0.73 in 1985 to 0.8 in 2015 which is an indication of the scattered expansion of the city. It can be predicted that besides decreasing 704 hectares of agricultural areas, a 33% growth will be occurred in built up areas from 2015 to 2040. It consequently requires the specific attention of urban managers and planners.
Mostafa Taleshi; Shahbakhti Rostami; Behruz Gharani Arani; Amanallah Taromi
Abstract
Land is the basis of most human activities, production systems, and achieving sustainable development. On the other hand, with social and economic changes and unconventional resource exploitation, land instability conditions are intensifying. Measuring land use changes requires examining issues such ...
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Land is the basis of most human activities, production systems, and achieving sustainable development. On the other hand, with social and economic changes and unconventional resource exploitation, land instability conditions are intensifying. Measuring land use changes requires examining issues such as land use system, land cover, and monitoring patterns. Land use and land cover patterns, by providing monitoring and understanding the process of changes in the exploitation system through the use of remote sensing techniques, facilitate the possibility of reforming and changing policymaking, optimal management, and future planning of environmental resources. The aim of the present study is to monitor the changes in the LULC system in the Kuhpayeh-Segzi sub-basin using satellite images in the period 2000 to 2023 and update spatial information. The results of the evaluation of the land use and land cover maps using the Decision Tree Algorithm indicate an increase in the area of more than 97% of built-up land, 173% of rangeland, 230% of irrigated areas, 72% of agricultural land, and a decrease in the area of more than 14% of barren land. In this process, 913 hectares of barren land, 244 hectares of rangeland, 44 hectares of agricultural land, and 0.155 hectares of irrigated areas have been converted into built-up land. Sustainability of environmental resources, especially reducing the trend of land use and land cover change and stabilizing the exploitation system, requires the implementation of optimal resource management and the application of land protection models with the participation and empowerment of local rural communities.
MohammadReza Rezvani; Yaghob Esfaram; Sayed Reza Hosseini Kahnouj
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 34-49
Abstract
Housing, as a basic need as well as a symbol of human being function is considered as a geographical phenomenon which plays an important role in development of human societies. The main aim of the present study is measuring and spatial analysis of housing development indicators in rural Western Azarbaijan ...
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Housing, as a basic need as well as a symbol of human being function is considered as a geographical phenomenon which plays an important role in development of human societies. The main aim of the present study is measuring and spatial analysis of housing development indicators in rural Western Azarbaijan Province, Iran. The present study is an applied research which methodologically is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods. To get the target, 36 indicators were considered. The indicators are grouped into four categories namely: infrastructure and welfare, strength and structure, sanitary, and facilities. Data collection was based on documentary method. Expert’s opinions are used for selecting the indicators and weighting them. For data analysis and ranking the indicators three models of multi-criteria decision making are applied: TOPSIS, VIKOR and Human Development Index (HDI). To gain a vigorous result, an integrating technique including Mean of weights, Borda and Kaplan methods was applied. Findings of the study indicate that villages of two counties namely: Makou and Chaldoran, according to all models are enjoying the highest level of development. In contrast, villages of Naghadeh and MiandoAb are at the lowest level of rural housing development. Based on integration model, the results show that enough attention should be paid to spatial justice in rural housing development. Such a spatial justice can be used by planners for enhancing the levels of development, reduction of inequality, rural resident’s satisfaction of their housing conditions and finally ending at the local development.
Mohammad Hossein Saraei; Shahabadin Hajforoush
Abstract
Despite the increasing internationally emphasis on planning and practice in developing local communities for poverty alleviation, the planning system of Iran has not only paied enough attention to the development of local communities and the mechanisms that such communities can deal with poverty, but ...
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Despite the increasing internationally emphasis on planning and practice in developing local communities for poverty alleviation, the planning system of Iran has not only paied enough attention to the development of local communities and the mechanisms that such communities can deal with poverty, but also planners and decision makers have little information about the types and characteristics of those neighborhoods that are more interested in developing community-based activities. The participation of Yazd city folks in improving their residential environment in the past was a kind of empowerment in form of a skill by which they were prepared to take some greater social responsibilities. It was a ground for strengthening social life and strengthening local functions. But due to the problems caused by physical expansion of Yazd city in the last 40 years and migration of indigenous inhabitants from the old texture neighborhoods of city, there is no way to apply the past social interactions and the sense of previous solidarity in the future. Therefore, the proper understanding of this concept in relation to the development of Yazd city can be considered very important. The present study aims to build a capacity on the bases of sustainable development and to assess the effective factors or effective barriers of building capacity in Yazd city regarding two reagents of general poverty and space-location geographic. The statistical population of the present study includes all household heads of Yazd city, of them 500 people were selected as a sample using a simple random method. The inferential results derived from one-sample T-test indicated that in all four research capacity elements (physical-environmental, economic, socio-cultural, and political) with a significance level less than 0.05, the mean figure of capacity building in Yazd city was different from the expected one. It means that the upper and lower levels of the differences are less than zero. Therefore, it was showed that the average capacity building in sustainable development of Yazd city and its dimensions has a positive and significant effect. As a conclusion, it was confirmed that there is a meaningful relationship between the mechanism of establishment and planning of urban sustainable development and local capacities in Yazd city. Finally, some strategies are proposed to encourage the residents towards the local development of neighborhoods in order to approach the urban sustainable development.
Aliakbar Anabestani; Sara Fazli; Bijan Rahmani
Abstract
This study aims to identify, structurally analyze, and prioritize the factors influencing the formation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart village approach in Iran. The primary problem addressed is the absence of an integrated framework to elucidate the interrelationships among technological, ...
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This study aims to identify, structurally analyze, and prioritize the factors influencing the formation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart village approach in Iran. The primary problem addressed is the absence of an integrated framework to elucidate the interrelationships among technological, economic, social, and managerial components, and to assess their impact within the context of the country's rural areas. This research is applied in terms of objective and utilizes a descriptive-analytical methodology. Data were collected through documentary studies and by soliciting opinions from experts in the field of rural planning ($n=30$). The Delphi method was employed to extract key components. Subsequently, the DEMATEL technique was utilized to analyze causal relationships and determine the degrees of influence and dependence, while the Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used for final weighting and prioritization. The DEMATEL results indicated that Smart Agriculture, Smart Energy, and Smart Economy, with impact values of 1.001, 0.137, and 0.087 respectively, play a driving role in the relationship network and are categorized as causal factors. However, the limit super matrix results in the ANP analysis reveal that Smart Environment achieved the highest final weight (0.27032), followed by Smart Agriculture (0.19688) and Smart Health (0.16148). At the sub-criteria level, technologies related to environmental monitoring, smart resource management, and digital health garnered the highest priority. The findings suggest that realizing an IoT-based smart village requires strengthening environmental and technological infrastructures, focusing on smart agriculture and smart health, and establishing institutional coordination at the local level.
Esmaiel Aliakbari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2013, , Pages 37-54
Abstract
The spatial structure of urban settlement system is affected by two groups of factors, namely physical and non- physical ones. The impact of physical factors on creation of urban systems was very impressive in the past. However, nowadays the main role is played by non- physical factors. Some of these ...
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The spatial structure of urban settlement system is affected by two groups of factors, namely physical and non- physical ones. The impact of physical factors on creation of urban systems was very impressive in the past. However, nowadays the main role is played by non- physical factors. Some of these factors are regional development plans which their impacts on urban system formations are important either in small or large scales of evaluation. Province of Kermanshah and its capital city also called Kermanshah is a remarkable example at Mid- Zagros region as the pole of regional growth during the last five decades. The region has been a target for a wide range of decisions, actions, and policies of regional development in west of Iran. The urban system of Kermanshah province with its imbalance size distribution is an example of the most imbalance and non- sustaining urban systems around the country. Having about one million populations, Kermanshah city is a dominant and concentrated urban pole for the whole province as well as the region. At the same time, the second largest city of the province has a population less than 100,000 or one- tenth of Kermanshah city population. More interestingly is the smallest city, Somar with only 20 residents. The existing gap of size distribution of cities with its Primate City Index which is 0.81 not only in regional scale but also in national scale is very high abnormal. What is considered in the present paper is the role of regional plans in centralization of urban system which results in imbalance spatial structure of urban settlement’s systems. The paper also shows the pivotal function of city-oriented or urban centralization covert in classic views of regional development and regional planning especially the intensive tendency of such views towards the higher levels and head of urban network. It reveals one of the main basic reasons of rapid urban expansion, also polarization of urban system, divergence of settlement system and its harmful consequences on spatial system of the country and its regions with a provisional approach.
mohamadreza rezvani; hossein mansourian; mehrdad mahmoudian zamaneh; Razieh Heydarian Mohammadabadi
Volume 1, Issue 3 , September 2013, , Pages 37-48
Abstract
Unemployment is a fundamental issue in world economy so that increase in employment and decrease in unemployment is an important indicator about of development. Iran not alone suffers from high unemployment rate but also the spatial distribution of unemployment rate is very solicitous. These papers with ...
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Unemployment is a fundamental issue in world economy so that increase in employment and decrease in unemployment is an important indicator about of development. Iran not alone suffers from high unemployment rate but also the spatial distribution of unemployment rate is very solicitous. These papers with emphasis on exploratory spatial data analysis investigate the spatial distribution of unemployment rate in urban and rural areas with using data of census 2011. Results of exploratory spatial data analysis indicate clustering (positive spatial autocorrelation) and spatial heterogeneous in spatial distribution of urban and rural unemployment in Iran's counties. Therefore results of this paper can provide context for proper planning in order to obviation regional inequality in unemployment rate in Iran.
Aliakbar Anabestani; Mahdi Javanshiri
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 37-62
Abstract
The physical environment form of a settlement is an effective factor in formation the security sense for its residents. The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of sprawl on the sense of physical security in rural settlements of Binaloud county based on CPTED approach. Based on aim, the ...
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The physical environment form of a settlement is an effective factor in formation the security sense for its residents. The current study was aimed to investigate the effects of sprawl on the sense of physical security in rural settlements of Binaloud county based on CPTED approach. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable, and based on methodology it is a descriptive-analytical research. Statistical sample includes 190 rural households selected from all 5766 households resided in 8 villages of Binaloud county. The sample was selected by stratified random method. The results showed that road quality index with a mean of 3.05 had the least effect on creating the sense of security among the villagers. In contrast, the indices of vegetation (with a mean of 3.35), grading and density (with a mean of 3.26) and natural or informal monitoring (with a mean of 3.24), had a greater impact on promoting the sense of security among the residents. According to Pearson correlation results, there is a significant and indirect relationship between the sprawl and the sense of physical security with a coefficient of -0.2. The results of the path analysis indicated that spatial-physical index with the coefficient of influence of -0.354 had the greatest direct impact on sense of physical security. Subsequently, we calculated the indirect coefficients of the independent variables on the main dependent variable in the four stages of path analysis and investigated the total direct and indirect effects. As a result, the spatial-temporal index with the coefficient of influence of 0.354, and then the social index with the coefficient of influence of 0.142 and the environmental index with the coefficient of influence of -0.129 had the greatest effects on developing the sense of physical security respectively.
Reyhaneh Soltani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2013, , Pages 39-48
Abstract
Physical textures of villages are considered as the location of many various and important activities of rural life. Some other rural functions are closely related to the physical texture of villages, too. For example, any changes of socio-cultural and economic characteristics of villages are reflected ...
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Physical textures of villages are considered as the location of many various and important activities of rural life. Some other rural functions are closely related to the physical texture of villages, too. For example, any changes of socio-cultural and economic characteristics of villages are reflected in their physical textures. Such changes indicate the impact and influence of different events including urbanism on rural settlements. Because, villages have different relations with urban centers, and dimensions and extent of these relationships have many influences on rural physical textures and would cause change of structure and function of rural housing. Such changes are more visible in outskirts of cities where the extent of changes are wider. Traditional rural houses are different from urban houses because of their various and different functions and functional spaces in which rural activities can be done easier. However, new rural houses that copy their urban counterpart patterns are mono-functional and have created some challenges in new rural activities. The present study applies a descriptive-analytical method and required data are collected through documentary and field studies. Findings show that urbanism has changed the structure and functions of traditional rural houses. Modern rural housing has also affected functions of houses due to the adaptation of urban housing pattern.
Mahmood Ziaee; Niloofar Mahdikhani
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 39-54
Abstract
If we consider each city as a person, this person is known with some unique personality characters and it will have its own features. The aim of this research is to deliberate the amount of congruity toward destination personality and tourist personality (both ideal congruity and actual congruity) ...
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If we consider each city as a person, this person is known with some unique personality characters and it will have its own features. The aim of this research is to deliberate the amount of congruity toward destination personality and tourist personality (both ideal congruity and actual congruity) who wants to choose the city as his or her own tourism destination. Personality dimensions considered in this research include: sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, ruggedness. The used model in this research is brand personality model by Jennifer A. Aaker and these dimensions are according to that model. the questionnaires were filled by tourists of hotels with 3,4 or 5stars in two Tourism destinations which were chosen as case studies of this research, Shiraz & Yazd. according to statistical studies it concluded that there is a positive integration between ideal and actual tourist personality and the most important dimensions are sincerity and ruggedness.
