zohreh sadeghi; farhad azizpour; Asghar tahmasebi; Mohsen Sartipipour
Abstract
Suitable housing in rural areas is considered a key factor in sustainable development and the improvement of the quality of life for rural inhabitants. In this regard, the present study aims to, in addition to extracting indicators of sustainable housing based on the lived experiences of rural people, ...
Read More
Suitable housing in rural areas is considered a key factor in sustainable development and the improvement of the quality of life for rural inhabitants. In this regard, the present study aims to, in addition to extracting indicators of sustainable housing based on the lived experiences of rural people, assess the current housing situation in the rural areas along the Zayandeh Rud River in Falavarjan Township. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, and it is applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected in the first phase of the research through semi-structured interviews with 30 rural households, and in the second phase through a survey of 373 rural households. Based on the findings, the research concludes that normative meta-narratives derived from common mentality based on deductive logic (such as the conceptual model of sustainable housing), considering regional-local requirements, especially the local community's perception of explanatory power, do not have the same explanatory power for all spaces. The psychological-environmental dimension is an aspect of sustainable housing that has been neglected in meta-narratives but emphasized by the local community. Furthermore, based on the expanded conceptual model, this study revealed that housing development in the studied geographical area is not integrated, coordinated, and sustainable.
iraj ghasemi; khalil kalantari
Abstract
Rural housing is a physical, social, economic, cultural and environmental phenomenon. Housing has always been linked to the livelihood and economic activity of the family and the village. Livelihood-oriented rural housing has tended to be identified with urban housing in recent years, and the share of ...
Read More
Rural housing is a physical, social, economic, cultural and environmental phenomenon. Housing has always been linked to the livelihood and economic activity of the family and the village. Livelihood-oriented rural housing has tended to be identified with urban housing in recent years, and the share of livelihood-oriented housing has decreased. The purpose of the present study is to identify the challenges facing the development of livelihood-oriented housing. For this purpose, in the first stage, six townships from six provinces were selected by cluster method, and then 13 villages were selected based on different demographic and socio-economic spectrums. Using systematic random sampling, 332 questionnaires were completed. Field findings showed that the respondents agree more with the influence of structural intervening factors in the formation of livelihood-oriented housing than with human and social factors. Factor analysis also confirmed this issue. Therefore, it is suggested that while modifying the procedures and content of development plans and technical rules and regulations and defining financial support packages, the education of the new rural generation should also be on the agenda.
Mostafa Taleshi; abdolhamid nazari; Mohammad Ali Moinfar
Abstract
One of the fundamental goals in physical development planning is to reduce the vulnerability of the constructed space to environmental hazards. One of the most important dangerous crises in the geographical space of the country is the occurrence of earthquakes and the resulting economic and social damages. ...
Read More
One of the fundamental goals in physical development planning is to reduce the vulnerability of the constructed space to environmental hazards. One of the most important dangerous crises in the geographical space of the country is the occurrence of earthquakes and the resulting economic and social damages. The occurrence of the Bam earthquake in 2003 led to the implementation of the "Reconstruction Plan of Bam city and surrounding villages" in 2005, which has had thought-provoking changes in the planning and reconstruction of rural housing. This study intends to identify and analyze the evolution of housing and its basic functions in the structural-functional understanding of rural housing by physically examining and evaluating the mentioned plan. The present study is applied in terms of purpose with a "positivist" approach and is descriptive-analytical based on methodology. Information and data were collected through documentary and field methods in the form of questionnaires, observations and purposeful interviews. Data were recorded, processed and analyzed in statistical software and GIS environment. The statistical population of the study was the villages covered by the Bam city reconstruction plan. Twelve villages were selected using cluster sampling method based on the effect of earthquake penetration and the formation of a three-dimensional matrix. The three-dimensional matrix included: the number of households in the village, the distance of the village from the fault and the epicenter of the earthquake, and the amount of damage to the village. In the next step, the samples were determined based on Morgan table and finally, by distributing the researcher-made questionnaires in proportion to the weight of the population of each village, 354 questionnaires were completed by the heads of households. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were determined using experts in the field of rural planning and Cronbach's test (0.94), respectively. Findings show that in the housing pattern of the affected villages of Bam, fundamental changes have taken place in retrofitting and the type and location of materials, map, number of rooms and the level of infrastructure compared to before and after the earthquake. One of the results of the effectiveness of the reconstruction plan is the visible functional changes and the lack or incompatibility of some functions in the newly built houses. This means that pre-earthquake bio-subsistence housing has become purely post-reconstruction bio-housing. The role of the villagers in these developments has been very small, which has been due to the centralism of the project. In reviewing the design and reconstruction of rural houses at risk of earthquakes, the following should be considered: institutionalization of rural participation, utilization of indigenous knowledge, rural housing with socio-economic functions and especially the origins of special culture, planning and intervention in rural physical context and access to the pattern of sustainable rural housing.
abdolhamid nazari; Shahbakhti Rostami; Mostafa Taleshi; masoud khoran
Abstract
In geographical studies based on systemic approach, each area is considered as an open system in which villages and cities are the two main components of the residential system. Villages and cities have structures and functions that evolve through the interaction of the natural environment and human ...
Read More
In geographical studies based on systemic approach, each area is considered as an open system in which villages and cities are the two main components of the residential system. Villages and cities have structures and functions that evolve through the interaction of the natural environment and human groups. These structures and functions in Marivan Township have undergone many changes due to government intervention and policies. Government interventions have taken the form of rural development and post-war reconstruction programs (expansion of communication networks), security, and the strengthening of economic foundations (opening of informal border markets). The aim of the present paper was to investigate the impact of the mentioned policies on the structural-functional changes of rural housing. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature, and methodologically based on the positivist approach. The statistical population includes households living in 121 villages with more than 20 households (2016 census) in Marivan Township. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula in two steps. First, 52 villages were selected by cluster sampling method in proportion to the share of the western and eastern areas of the township, 27 and 24 villages, respectively. Then, out of a total of 6305 households, 307 were selected by simple random sampling. The results showed that the housing in the western areas has undergone more structural and functional changes. According to the t-test, the average difference in changes related to the pattern of construction and form (4.64 units), biological elements (8.99 units) and livelihood (20.69 units) of rural housing in the western area is greater than the eastern part of the township.
miri Bahareh; Aeizh Azmi; Mohmmad Akbarpour
Abstract
Sustainable housing is the center of economic and social activities of rural households and a factor affecting their well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the structural and functional stability of rural housing in Sarfirouzabad district, Kermanshah Township. Based on nature, ...
Read More
Sustainable housing is the center of economic and social activities of rural households and a factor affecting their well-being. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the structural and functional stability of rural housing in Sarfirouzabad district, Kermanshah Township. Based on nature, the present study is applied-developmental, based on scope, it is case study, and based on method is descriptive-analytical. The reliability of the research (using Cronbach's alpha coefficient) is equal to 0.94 and the validity of the research was confirmed by the opinion of geographers. The statistical population of the study includes 527 households. The Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size. Cochran's formula was used to determine the sample size, which resulted in the selection of 216 rural households. The sampling method was simple random. The results showed that six villages (66%) were recognized as sustainable villages in terms of housing sustainability, 1 village (11%) as semi-sustainable villages and 2 villages (22%) as unstable villages. Also, the item of durability of materials with a total effect of 0.317 was in the first priority, while the item of building strength with an overall effect of -0.153 had the lowest impact and is in the last priority.
Hossein Imani Jajarmi; Anvar Mohammadi; Saadiye Salehi
Abstract
One of the important plans implemented by the Islamic Revolution's Housing Foundation in villages of Iran is the "Credits for Upgrading and Renovating of Rural Houses Plan". The plan was started since 2005. Villages of Dowlatabad district in Ravansar county were one of the targets for the mentioned plan. ...
Read More
One of the important plans implemented by the Islamic Revolution's Housing Foundation in villages of Iran is the "Credits for Upgrading and Renovating of Rural Houses Plan". The plan was started since 2005. Villages of Dowlatabad district in Ravansar county were one of the targets for the mentioned plan. By the early 2012, a total number of 246 rural residents had received "the End of Work" certificate in Dowlatabad district. But the plan was implemented without any social impact's assessment. Therefore, it carried out both positive and negative consequences, some of which had not ever been foreseen. The present study applied a qualitative method for assessing the social impacts of such a project during 2005 to 2011. Semi-structured interview method was used for data collection and we applied the grounded theory method to analyze the information. We also used a theoretical and purposive sampling method with a sample size of 22, as the result of theoretical saturation. To analyze the information and construct the grounded theory, we completed three stages of coding (open, axial, and selective). The results of the research are presented in the form of a model that includes conditions (causative, interventional, background), strategies and actions / interactions and consequences. The results of the research indicated that despite some positive outcomes of the plan, it has had some negative consequences and unpredictable functions such as ignoring the elderly, change of livelihood, and migration. Such consequences would somehow be prevented or mitigated if a social impact assessment of the plan was already carried out.
Seyed Ramin Ghafari; Asiyeh Miri
Volume 4, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 117-128
Abstract
Like other biosystems, rural settlements are subject to varying dynamism and transformations due to their spatial positions and locations. They are affected by their spatial-locational positions and have always undergone changes over time. But the question is whether this transformation has been commensurate ...
Read More
Like other biosystems, rural settlements are subject to varying dynamism and transformations due to their spatial positions and locations. They are affected by their spatial-locational positions and have always undergone changes over time. But the question is whether this transformation has been commensurate with the needs of the rural community? In the present study, not only the changes in the pattern and performance of rural houses are considered, but also it analyzes the role of spatial-locational factors affecting the typology of rural housing. Attention is also paid to the extent and scope of such structural changes in accordance with today's circumstances. Since the current study is based on a futuristic approach, it is considered as a development-oriented research in order to emerge a new thought. Both documentary and field methods were applied to collect required data and information. For the first, relevant books, articles, reports, documents, annual reports and other sources of information were reviewed, and for the second, 10 villages of a rural district namely western Kayar were selected as samples in Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiari province. After completing the questionnaire, the data were processed using SPSS software. Findings of the present study suggest that: from a spatial-locational viwpoint, socio-cultural and economic components have more influence on the type of rural housing than the natural-ecological components. It also was confirmed that spatial processes have different effects on different places. The results show that, due to the profound functional transformations in rural houses in the study area, the adaptation to the natural environment has largely been replaced by adaptaion to urban plans. Therefore, There is a need to introduce a proper spatial-locational pattern to be in accordance with environmental characteristics and cultural features of the region. Such a pattern can deal with the heterogeneities and abnormalities that overwhelm the texture and pattern of the villages.
ValiAllah Rabeefar
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 71-90
Abstract
Rural Housing As one The most important Basic needs of villagers, From the beginning The date of settlement To the present Important role The living conditions They have played And every day Its importance is increasing. The most important element Village is that in sustainable development of rural ...
Read More
Rural Housing As one The most important Basic needs of villagers, From the beginning The date of settlement To the present Important role The living conditions They have played And every day Its importance is increasing. The most important element Village is that in sustainable development of rural Attention to Its sustainability the most important principle it is known. The present paper the aim Stability analysis and explanation of the Physical structure – Space Rural Housing of Zanjan ProvinceBy using Method of AHP model and software the subset Including EC, EXT_AHP and GIS software has been made. Sustainability Assessment Criteria and indicators Physical – space Rural Housing of Zanjan In the four stages hierarchically has been done: 1 - Determine the criteria and sub criteria in the stability Physical – space of Rural Housing. 2 - Determination priority (importance) criteria in the stability Physical – space of Rural Housing. 3 - Determination of sub Stability analysis Criteria Physical – space of Rural Housing. 4 - The final analysis the stability Physical – space of Rural Housing. Research study Descriptive – analytic And research Applied Approach, it is both quantitatively and qualitatively. For data collection Method Library Studies and The field has been used. Library Studies In the field Collect statistics, documents and theories is done. And field studies As well as survey Order to view the current situation, Data collected in villages, Questionnaires distributed And Interview the statistical population has been. Research findings based on AHP the AHP-GIS software environment indicate the situation Undesirable of Indicators Physical – Space of the Rural Housing Zanjan province Based on the principles has been sustainable rural development And show 50 percent of the rural housing In terms of Physical structure – Space in the county Ayjrvd, Mahneshan and Khodabande And 40% Rural housing the county of Zanjan, Khoramdeh, Tarom and abhar has been unstable.
Behroz Mohamadi Yaganeh; Soroush Sanaei Moghadam; Mahdi Cheraghi
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 91-108
Abstract
The basin of rural housing issues crucial to the ripped and communities and various countries faced with many problems in this area and have adequate shelter and the kind of quality issue that all countries, according to their conditions, is involved. As one of the most important factors in rural ...
Read More
The basin of rural housing issues crucial to the ripped and communities and various countries faced with many problems in this area and have adequate shelter and the kind of quality issue that all countries, according to their conditions, is involved. As one of the most important factors in rural development, sustainable housing dimensions and hence knowledge of the characteristics and analysis of various components of sustainable rural housing is important; The aim of this study is to provide good algorithms for sustainable rural housing in the study area is based on mutual information analysis. Applied research, descriptive-analytic method used to collect data and information from the library and survey methods (Prsshnamh and observation) is used. To analyze the data from one sample T-test and analysis methods to influence and impact indicators mutual information (feature selection methods) using the programming capabilities in MATLAB software environment is taken advantage of. The population of this research includes the heads of households in rural areas residential units Zylayy stack that is taken into account Balghbr 1134 households. The results show that by using SPSS statistical Tjzyhvthlylhay The social dimension of sustainability, the physical and economic conditions somewhat stable and unstable aspects of environmental and architectural features is the mutual information and results of the analysis showed that after weighing 323/1 high social impact and inspiration to among the rural housing is stability.
MohammadReza Rezvani; Yaghob Esfaram; Sayed Reza Hosseini Kahnouj
Volume 2, Issue 4 , December 2015, , Pages 34-49
Abstract
Housing, as a basic need as well as a symbol of human being function is considered as a geographical phenomenon which plays an important role in development of human societies. The main aim of the present study is measuring and spatial analysis of housing development indicators in rural Western Azarbaijan ...
Read More
Housing, as a basic need as well as a symbol of human being function is considered as a geographical phenomenon which plays an important role in development of human societies. The main aim of the present study is measuring and spatial analysis of housing development indicators in rural Western Azarbaijan Province, Iran. The present study is an applied research which methodologically is a combination of descriptive-analytical methods. To get the target, 36 indicators were considered. The indicators are grouped into four categories namely: infrastructure and welfare, strength and structure, sanitary, and facilities. Data collection was based on documentary method. Expert’s opinions are used for selecting the indicators and weighting them. For data analysis and ranking the indicators three models of multi-criteria decision making are applied: TOPSIS, VIKOR and Human Development Index (HDI). To gain a vigorous result, an integrating technique including Mean of weights, Borda and Kaplan methods was applied. Findings of the study indicate that villages of two counties namely: Makou and Chaldoran, according to all models are enjoying the highest level of development. In contrast, villages of Naghadeh and MiandoAb are at the lowest level of rural housing development. Based on integration model, the results show that enough attention should be paid to spatial justice in rural housing development. Such a spatial justice can be used by planners for enhancing the levels of development, reduction of inequality, rural resident’s satisfaction of their housing conditions and finally ending at the local development.
