Hamdollah Sojasi Qeidari; Majid Parishan; Hamid Reza Ghasemi; Ahmad Romiani
Abstract
The implementation of rural master plans (Hadi Plans) has generated various economic, social, and environmental impacts in rural areas. This study aims to examine the effects of the Hadi Plan on reducing the vulnerability of villagers in Shandiz District, Binalud Township, to natural hazards, specifically ...
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The implementation of rural master plans (Hadi Plans) has generated various economic, social, and environmental impacts in rural areas. This study aims to examine the effects of the Hadi Plan on reducing the vulnerability of villagers in Shandiz District, Binalud Township, to natural hazards, specifically earthquakes. The research employed a descriptive–analytical method, with data collected through library research (theoretical studies) and fieldwork (questionnaires and observations). The statistical population consisted of five villages in Shandiz District that had implemented the Hadi Plan. Based on Cochran’s formula with a margin of error of 0.06, the sample size was determined as 97 households. Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test, multiple regression, and path analysis. The findings revealed that the Hadi Plan has contributed to reducing villagers’ vulnerability to earthquakes; however, the impacts varied across different indicators. The one-sample t-test indicated that for some indicators, the effect was below the desirable level (3), and the differences were statistically significant for all indicators. Regression analysis showed a coefficient of determination of 0.894, indicating that the independent variable explained 89% of the variance in the dependent variable. Path analysis demonstrated that the greatest direct and indirect impact of the Hadi Plan on reducing vulnerability was related to the indicator of “improvement of physical security” (0.424). Other influential factors included “strengthening of road networks” (0.414), “increase in investment” (0.268), “participation in space management” (0.232), “satisfaction with physical development” (0.198), “enhancement of perceived physical security” (0.195), and “reduction of migration” (0.061), ranked from second to seventh, respectively.
hojjat sheikhi; Mina Abdoli
Abstract
In recent years, urban planning and design knowledge has increasingly sought methods to reduce earthquake-induced damages in cities, the primary habitats of human life. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the seismic vulnerability of Ilam city. The research is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical ...
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In recent years, urban planning and design knowledge has increasingly sought methods to reduce earthquake-induced damages in cities, the primary habitats of human life. Accordingly, this study aims to assess the seismic vulnerability of Ilam city. The research is applied in purpose and descriptive–analytical in nature. Primary data were collected from existing documents and maps obtained from relevant organizations. For data analysis, the Fuzzy DEMATEL model and Geographic Information System (GIS) were employed. To determine the seismic vulnerability of Ilam city, a set of indicators was considered, including population density, land use, building density, street network, distance from green spaces, distance from faults, building age, number of floors, building quality, construction materials, geology, and slope. The results revealed that 19.04% of the total area of Ilam city falls within high and very high vulnerability zones. These areas are mostly concentrated in the central parts of the city, where the urban fabric and construction materials used make them less resistant to seismic hazards.
Saeed Zanganeh Shahraki; Keramatollah Ziari; Seyed Ali Hosseini; Mohammad Sina Shahsavari
Abstract
The significant increase in urbanization along with excessive population density and activity in cities and its growing trend in terms of functional and physical diversity has increased the importance of the issue of urban vulnerability against natural hazards such as floods. Using 54 key indicators ...
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The significant increase in urbanization along with excessive population density and activity in cities and its growing trend in terms of functional and physical diversity has increased the importance of the issue of urban vulnerability against natural hazards such as floods. Using 54 key indicators in the framework of the MOVE model, this research has determined the level of social-physical vulnerability in the areas of Tehran. Then the results are spatially analyzed and the degree of vulnerability of each dimension as well as the final index has been determined. MOVE and GWR models have been used in this research. The results showed that in the final index, the southwest and northeast neighborhoods of Tehran had the most unfavorable conditions, and on the contrary, the central areas of Tehran had the most suitable conditions. Regions 18, 19, 20 and 4 had the most neighborhoods with medium to very high vulnerability status. Also, the neighborhoods located in regions 8, 6, 10 and 7 had the best conditions, respectively. Also, the results of the geographically weighted regression model showed that the sub-indicator of exposure had the most impact, and the sub-indicators of lack of resilience and susceptibility were placed in the next ranks, respectively. In the meantime, according to the R2 coefficient that is close to the average in total for all sub-indices, it can be said that the final index obtained had a great impact on the high vulnerability of the residents of the studied neighborhoods.
mohammad hosein pour hasan zadeh; Ghader Ahmadi
Abstract
Earthquake has historically been considered as a cause for vast destruction of buildings, casualties, and financial damages in Iranian cities. To prevent such a disaster it is necessary to construct resistant buildings and retrofitting the existing ones. The main aim of the present study was analyzing ...
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Earthquake has historically been considered as a cause for vast destruction of buildings, casualties, and financial damages in Iranian cities. To prevent such a disaster it is necessary to construct resistant buildings and retrofitting the existing ones. The main aim of the present study was analyzing the vulnerability of houses in Urmia against the earthquake and ranking the districts of the city using TOPSIS method. The applied method was descriptive-analytical and the type of research was applicable with a quantitative-qualitative approach. Documentary and field methods were applied to collect the required data. Based on TOPSIS method, the findings of the present study indicated that the average rate of vulnerability of houses for the whole city of Urmia was 0.485. The highest rate was belonged to district 4 with a TOPSIS score of 0.818 and the lowest one to district 1 with a score of 0.296. The score of district 5 was 0.338 which is considered as a moderated range of vulnerability against the earthquake.
Ahmad Shahivandi; Hojat Sheikhi
Abstract
Decreasing the vulnerability of urban land uses which leads to the reduction of damages is considered as the most important goals that urban planners and managers have attempted to implement it in cities. It would be possible through applying new approaches of crisis management such as passive defense ...
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Decreasing the vulnerability of urban land uses which leads to the reduction of damages is considered as the most important goals that urban planners and managers have attempted to implement it in cities. It would be possible through applying new approaches of crisis management such as passive defense that can be effective in creating urban environments. The present research is aimed to study the vulnerability of Hamedan city based on the principles of passive defense. The study is an applied research based on its purposes and it is analytical-descriptive one in terms of nature. Data analysis was done based on passive defense framework. For data analysis, 9 main land uses and 23 subsidiary land uses are compared and scored using Super Decision software. By evaluating criteria and sub-criteria to which the closeness-farness from the main criteria or density-dispersion towards them are important, the distance was calculated in ArcGIS environment. Following the afore-mentioned procedures, Hamedan city is classified in 5 categories (i.e. very high, high, medium, low and very low) in terms of vulnerability. The most important risk factors of Hamedan city can be mentioned as: high population density in some neighborhoods around the first ring of Hamadan, the construction density in neighborhoods around Sepah square, Khezr and places around Rajaee Street, the fine-grainedness of residential units, the lack of open spaces and green spaces in the old neighborhoods of Hamedan and the concentration and centralization of official buildings in several parts of the city.
Mohammad MirzaAli; Abdol Hamid Nazari; Majid Ownegh
Abstract
Nowadays, recognizing the ways to achieve sustainability has dramatically changed through different patterns of vulnerability reduction in rural planning and disaster management. The attitude to natural hazards has also changed, and the dominant view has shifted from focusing on reducing "vulnerability" ...
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Nowadays, recognizing the ways to achieve sustainability has dramatically changed through different patterns of vulnerability reduction in rural planning and disaster management. The attitude to natural hazards has also changed, and the dominant view has shifted from focusing on reducing "vulnerability" to improving "resilience". According to figures, "floods", storms and earthquakes have caused the greatest damages and casualties to human societies. Iran and Golestan province are not exceptional. Results of the present study show that 215 villages are facing the permanent danger of flood. In recent years, measures have been taken to reduce vulnerability, especially in case of physical dimensions of villages in Golestan province; however, enough attention has not yet been paid to effective attempts for measuring resilience against the flood risks. Therefore, based on systemic and sustainable development approaches the main goal of the present research is analyzing and measuring the relations between physical-environmental, economic, social, and institutional factors of rural communities with the rate of their resilience against flood in Gorganroud watershed. This research is a fundamental-applied study and has been completed based on a descriptive-analytical method. The study area contains 106 villages with 22,942 households. Using multistage and random cluster sampling and Cochran formula, 31 villages with 318 households were selected as the sample size. Validity of the questionnaire was verified using the Delphi method and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by the total amount of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the rural household questionnaire α1= 0.86 and for the rural managers (Dehyar) questionnaire α2= 0.89. The overall results of the present research showed that there is a significant relationship between the environmental-physical, and social components of the study areas and the resilience of the inhabited communities against the floods. But there is not a meaningful relationship between the economic components of these villages and the resilience of their inhabitants in dealing with floods. Meanwhile, the average resilience of various dimensions of entire sub-basins of the study area was often ranked as "moderate to weak" grouping. The average figures for resilience of various dimensions were as follows: environmental-physical 2.89, social 3.68, institutional 2.92 and economic 2.64. These figures confirm the “moderate to weak” grouping of the area against flood resilience. In conclusion, it can be said that rural households in sub-basins of ChehelChai, Ghurechai and TilAbad and Sofla of Gorganrood have an overall moderate resilience, and rural households in sub-basins of Madarsoo, Rudbar-Mohammad-Abad-Zaringol and Sarisoo locate at an overall weak resiliency group.
Davood Mahdavi; Elham Hezarian
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 27-45
Abstract
Human beings have always been subject to the natural hazards as a permanent part of their life. Among them, devastating earthquakes are responsible for a large number of human casualty and financial losses. About a quarter of rural populations in Iran live in villages close to active geological faults. ...
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Human beings have always been subject to the natural hazards as a permanent part of their life. Among them, devastating earthquakes are responsible for a large number of human casualty and financial losses. About a quarter of rural populations in Iran live in villages close to active geological faults. It necessitates a serious attention about the rate of vulnerability of such settlements. The present study aims to evaluate the physical vulnerability of rural settlements against earthquakes in Yazd County. A descriptive-analytical method is applied. Collected data include the spatial, graphical and locational data. Two models were used for data analysis: Topsis MDM and AHP. The results showed that all villages in Fajr rural district were less vulnerable against earthquake occurrence. In contrast, all villages in rural district of Allah Abad, except the village of Tamehr, were more vulnerable against earthquakes. Results also indicated that the age of most rural buildings were more than 20 years and their low-quality materials mainly include wood and mud. In addition, insufficient access to the networks and the lack of rural housing insurance are the other factors to increase the risk of vulnerability of rural settlements. For these reasons, it is necessary to encourage modernization and rehabilitation of buildings, selecting appropriate planning programs and supporting new ideas.
