hojjat sheikhi; Rohalah Shasavari
Abstract
Cities are complex systems that are vulnerable to natural or human threats. The current dominant view in disaster and urban management has been the risk reduction approach. However, today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will allow them to quickly return to the pre-crisis (initial and ...
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Cities are complex systems that are vulnerable to natural or human threats. The current dominant view in disaster and urban management has been the risk reduction approach. However, today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will allow them to quickly return to the pre-crisis (initial and normal) state in the event of a crisis. Resilience is a new concept that is mostly used in dealing with unknowns and uncertainties. The overall goal of the present study is to evaluate the level of resilience of the city of Pol-e Dokhtar during a flood. In order to achieve the aforementioned goals, a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach was used. In order to measure the dimensions of resilience in the neighborhoods of Pol-e Dokhtar, 384 households were selected as a sample community using the Cochran formula. In order to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire in the SPSS software environment, statistical methods based on comparison of means, Friedman tests and regression were used. The TOPSIS model was used to rank the resilience of the neighborhoods. As a result, based on five resilience assessment indicators; the Basijian, Old Core (Hasteh Ghadimi) and Pasdaran neighborhoods have a more favorable situation than other neighborhoods in Pol-e-Dokhtar city. The East and West Coast neighborhoods (Sahel Sharghi va Gharbi) and Sazmaniha neighborhoods have the worst situation in terms of resilience against floods. The results of the Friedman test to determine the most important and influential resilience indicators of Pol-e-Dokhtar city showed that the physical index with an average of 3.533 and the economic index with an average of 3.251 were ranked first and second, respectively.
Hojatollah Khosravi Mal Amiri; Hossein Soleimani; Sayed Ramin Ghaffari; Ahmad Khadem al-Hosseini
Abstract
Assessing and measuring the resilience of rural communities is one of the most important tools in determining the sustainability of rural settlements when environmental hazards occur. In the Dehdez section, there are numerous rural and nomadic settlements and are prone to many environmental hazards throughout ...
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Assessing and measuring the resilience of rural communities is one of the most important tools in determining the sustainability of rural settlements when environmental hazards occur. In the Dehdez section, there are numerous rural and nomadic settlements and are prone to many environmental hazards throughout the year. Rural settlements and their inhabitants do not have adequate resilience in various dimensions in the face of environmental hazards. The purpose of this study is to explain the resilience pattern of rural settlements in Dehdez section of Izeh county. In the theoretical foundations section, various methods are explained based on previous research and theories, and then the conceptual model is presented. The study method is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population under study includes all heads of households in rural areas above 20 households with 3003 people. The sample size was 341 according to Cochran's formula. The research tool includes a questionnaire with 60 questions. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS software and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equations. The results indicate that each of the coefficients of impact of environmental-natural, social and economic indicators, institutional-managerial and physical-spatial on the resilience of rural settlements located in the research area are 0.73, 0.40, 0.19, and 0.25 respectively. In the resulting resilience pattern of the present study, the rural settlements of Dehdez district are generally in good condition in terms of resilience. This pattern places more weight on the natural index than on the human. As a result, in terms of natural-environmental index and adaptation to environmental conditions, villages have the highest resilience and in the institutional-management index, which requires organizational, institutional and human actions and efficiency, have the lowest resilience.
Asghar Norouzi
Abstract
Human societies have historically been at risk and have always suffered harmful effects. Environmental hazards are increasingly occurring with growing diversity and extent of damage, especially in rural areas. Some factors such as closely related to the environment, deprivation, lack of awareness, and ...
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Human societies have historically been at risk and have always suffered harmful effects. Environmental hazards are increasingly occurring with growing diversity and extent of damage, especially in rural areas. Some factors such as closely related to the environment, deprivation, lack of awareness, and preparedness increase the vulnerability of rural areas. However, environmental hazards are inevitable phenomena and their only solution is to deal with and manage them. One of the approaches to dealing with environmental hazards and crises is resilience. The study area of the present study is exposed to different types of hazards and is in high vulnerability condition and it is necessary to measure its resilience. The present study is an applied one and its purpose is to investigate and explain the resilience of rural settlements in Boldaji district of Borujen county. The research method is descriptive-analytical and survey-based. Required data were collected using documentary and surveys at household level. The sample size was estimated to be 329 households according to the Cochran formula of 2276 families. Questionnaires were completed by simple random sampling. The results showed that the mean level of resilience in the social and physical dimensions were 3.45 and 3.23, respectively, considered as "desirable" level, in the economic dimension with a mean of 3.01 was an "average" level, and in the management dimension with a mean of 2.85 was a "undesirable" level. In addition, among the different villages, Avargan has the highest level of resilience and the lowest levels belong to Sultanabad and Aliabad. Overall, the resilience status in 21 percent of the villages was "appropriate", in 50 percent "moderate" and in about 29 percent "inappropriate".
Mohammad MirzaAli; Abdol Hamid Nazari; Majid Ownegh
Abstract
Nowadays, recognizing the ways to achieve sustainability has dramatically changed through different patterns of vulnerability reduction in rural planning and disaster management. The attitude to natural hazards has also changed, and the dominant view has shifted from focusing on reducing "vulnerability" ...
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Nowadays, recognizing the ways to achieve sustainability has dramatically changed through different patterns of vulnerability reduction in rural planning and disaster management. The attitude to natural hazards has also changed, and the dominant view has shifted from focusing on reducing "vulnerability" to improving "resilience". According to figures, "floods", storms and earthquakes have caused the greatest damages and casualties to human societies. Iran and Golestan province are not exceptional. Results of the present study show that 215 villages are facing the permanent danger of flood. In recent years, measures have been taken to reduce vulnerability, especially in case of physical dimensions of villages in Golestan province; however, enough attention has not yet been paid to effective attempts for measuring resilience against the flood risks. Therefore, based on systemic and sustainable development approaches the main goal of the present research is analyzing and measuring the relations between physical-environmental, economic, social, and institutional factors of rural communities with the rate of their resilience against flood in Gorganroud watershed. This research is a fundamental-applied study and has been completed based on a descriptive-analytical method. The study area contains 106 villages with 22,942 households. Using multistage and random cluster sampling and Cochran formula, 31 villages with 318 households were selected as the sample size. Validity of the questionnaire was verified using the Delphi method and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by the total amount of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the rural household questionnaire α1= 0.86 and for the rural managers (Dehyar) questionnaire α2= 0.89. The overall results of the present research showed that there is a significant relationship between the environmental-physical, and social components of the study areas and the resilience of the inhabited communities against the floods. But there is not a meaningful relationship between the economic components of these villages and the resilience of their inhabitants in dealing with floods. Meanwhile, the average resilience of various dimensions of entire sub-basins of the study area was often ranked as "moderate to weak" grouping. The average figures for resilience of various dimensions were as follows: environmental-physical 2.89, social 3.68, institutional 2.92 and economic 2.64. These figures confirm the “moderate to weak” grouping of the area against flood resilience. In conclusion, it can be said that rural households in sub-basins of ChehelChai, Ghurechai and TilAbad and Sofla of Gorganrood have an overall moderate resilience, and rural households in sub-basins of Madarsoo, Rudbar-Mohammad-Abad-Zaringol and Sarisoo locate at an overall weak resiliency group.
Ahmad Pourahmad; Yaghob Abdali; Alireza Sadeghi; Sara AllahGholiPour
Abstract
Nowadays, a large number of cities and settlements are built in places that are exposed to natural or man-made disasters. So, addressing the physical problems of residential buildings of cities and explaining the concept of resilience are two essential issues to be considered. Thus, enough ...
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Nowadays, a large number of cities and settlements are built in places that are exposed to natural or man-made disasters. So, addressing the physical problems of residential buildings of cities and explaining the concept of resilience are two essential issues to be considered. Thus, enough attention should be paid to rehabilitating such problematic tissues. The study area comprises the central part of Hamedan, with 55387 inhabitants and 13663 residential buildings with an area of 29722351 square meters. Based on aim, the present study is an applicable research and based on methodology it is a descriptive-analytical one which follows a physical-structural approach. Investigated indices in the present study include: building structure, material types, number of floors, aggregation, building age, permeability, building quality and number of units. Spatial Autocorrelation method was used to explore patterns of regression and to weigh the spatial data layers. Also Spatial Autocorrelation technique of Moran (Aselin local Morans) has been applied to investigate the spatial distribution pf residential resielience prioritization. Results of the present study show that 22147924 square meters (74.52 percent of the total area), which includes 7280 building blocks locates in low-resielence to non-resielence range of measure. Such a situation necessitates a quick and mitigate planning for rehabilating the area specially in case of building structure, permeability, building quality and building age.
Ali Eshgi; Hossein Nazmfar; Ata Gafari
Volume 4, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 11-26
Abstract
The vast environmental damages of earthquakes have recently attracted more attentions to the concept of resilience to minimize the pernicious effects of such disaster. The present study evaluates the physical resilience in municipality region one of Tehran against the possible earthquakes. Using a descriptive-analytic ...
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The vast environmental damages of earthquakes have recently attracted more attentions to the concept of resilience to minimize the pernicious effects of such disaster. The present study evaluates the physical resilience in municipality region one of Tehran against the possible earthquakes. Using a descriptive-analytic method and GIS modeling, data were analyzed based on results obtained by network analysis process. The general resilience map of the region was drawn. Then a fuzzy technique was applied to the map to create different scenarios of earthquake magnitudes. The results indicated that in a probable earthquake of 6 Richter’s magnitude scale, 11.13 percent of constructions would locate at the low and very low resilience range. In such a scenario except two, other neighborhoods of the region would not be facing a serious vulnerability. With a probable 7 Richter’s scenario, the previous percentage would increase to 39. In a probable 8 Richter’s scenario, 52.29 percent of constructions would be faced with serious danger by which almost all rural textures fall in the very low range of resilience scale. Finally, in a probable 9 Richter’s scenario, 67.45 percent of constructions would fall at low and very low range of resilience scale. Most of them locate at areas of 1, 3, 4, 5 and 8 of the region.
Pari Shokri Firoozjah
Volume 4, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 27-44
Abstract
Today, natural disasters and damages caused by these accidents in different parts of the world have made making cities safer to become a long-term and achievable challenge so that urban communities are looking for conditions to reduce the damage so they can get to pre-crisis situation as soon as possible. ...
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Today, natural disasters and damages caused by these accidents in different parts of the world have made making cities safer to become a long-term and achievable challenge so that urban communities are looking for conditions to reduce the damage so they can get to pre-crisis situation as soon as possible. Meanwhile, viability is an important way to strengthen communities and cities by using their capacities. In this regard, the present study uses a descriptive-analytic method to investigate the viability of Babol area against environmental hazards that’s questionnaire was arranged with four dimensions, 16 indicators and 31 sub-indicators and total of 383 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the statistical population of the study, based on the Cochran model. To investigate the research issues and data analysis has been used from the multi-variable decision-making model "VIKOR" and the standard weights of each of the indicators have been calculated using Chanol Entropy method. The results of the research data were analyzed using SPSS, GIS and Excel software it is shown that among different dimensions of urban vibration in 12 areas of Babol, physical dimensions (with a mean of 3.54) and then social (with an average of 3.14) are more appropriate but in general, about 50% of the studied areas in Babol have low glare and irregularity and only 25% of the regions are quite viable in terms of indicators.
Saeed Maleki; Saeed Amanpour; Masoud Safaeepour; Sayed Nader Pormosavi; Elias Mavedat
Volume 4, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 9-20
Abstract
Urban Resilience is a relatively new concept in urban studies and urban planning Therefore, urban planning plays a crucial role in the formation cities of flexibility. Strategic planning for these activities should be subject to adapt to the urban physical. Therefore, in order to prevent further loss ...
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Urban Resilience is a relatively new concept in urban studies and urban planning Therefore, urban planning plays a crucial role in the formation cities of flexibility. Strategic planning for these activities should be subject to adapt to the urban physical. Therefore, in order to prevent further loss and damage needs to study the dimensions of the subject. A study of nature application – development and analytical approach to the issue is addressed in Ilam. Because the seismic predictions based on statistical methods can give satisfactory results; This research using quantitative models, COPRAS and μd, software GRAFER, MINITAB, VISIO, Excel and SPSS to examine the issue. The results of the 5 on the Richter scale model based on an average of the separate areas of 14 districts were ranked. In other words, the social damage - physical in the earthquake of 5 Mercalli using variable weight combination in the areas Finally, the resilience was determined in Ilam. COPRAS model based on the mean of resilience in against 65 percent.
